Essential oil of Origanum majorana L., Illicium verum Hook. f. and Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume: chemical and antimicrobial characterization

Essential oils of Origanum majorana L. (marjoram), Illicium verum Hook. f. (star-anise) and Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume (cinnamon) were obtained by steam distillation using a modified Clevenger device. The antimicrobial activity of each oil was evaluated against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and the fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus by observing their growth and/or mycelial inhibition through comparison with the standard dish (without oil). The essential oils were analyzed using a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer for identification and coupled to a flame ionization detector for quantification. The major constituents of marjoram, star-anise and cinnamon essential oils were 4-terpineol, trans-anetole and cinnamic aldehyde, respectively. In in vitro tests, essential oils of marjoram and cinnamon promoted an inhibitory effect on the bacteria S. aureus and E. coli, while the essential oil of star-anise presented activity only against E. coli. Marjoram, star-anise and cinnamon oils were effective against the studied fungi, presenting an inhibitory effect. The minimal inhibitory concentration for the mycelial growth of A. parasiticus was 1 and 0.01 µL mL-1 for star-anise and cinnamon oils, respectively. The minimal inhibitory concentration for A. parasiticus was 0.25, 2 and 2 µL mL-1 for cinnamon, star-anise and marjoram oils, respectively.

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Combined effect of Cinnamomum zeylanicum blume essential oil and nystatin on Candida albicans growth and micromorphology

Revista de Ciências Médicas e Biológicas ◽

10.9771/cmbio.v12i2.8448 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 149 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ricardo Dias de Castro ◽

Edeltrudes De Oliveira Lima ◽

Irlan De Almeida Freires ◽

Livia Araújo Alves

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Natural Product ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Control Group ◽

Drug Synergism ◽

Font Size ◽

Cinnamomum Zeylanicum ◽

Individual Agent

Introduction: The combination of a natural product and a synthetic antifungal may lead to a lower dose of each individual agent and consequent reduction of adverse effects and greater pharmacological synergism. Objective: This study investigated the antifungalactivity of the essential oil (EO) from Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume alone and combined with nystatin on Candida albicans growth and micromorphology. Methodology: We determined the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FIC) and the effect of the EO alone and combined with nystatin on the growth kinetics and production of virulence-related structures by the yeasts, such as pseudohyphae and chlamydoconidia. Results: When tested alone, the EO from C. zeylanicum andnystatin showed MIC of 312.5 μg/ml and 64 μg/ml, respectively. When combined, MIC values decreased to 39 μg/ml and 32 μg/ml for the EO and nystatin, respectively. The value of the Fractional Concentration Index (FIC) was 0.6024, indicating additivity. It could be observed that at all concentrations the products tested alone and in combination were able to reduce the number of CFU/mL, when compared to the control group (p<0.0001) from 30 min. In addition, both the products alone and combined inhibited production of pseudohyphae and chlamydoconidia compared to the control. Conclusion: The combination between the essential oilfrom C. zeylanicum and nystatin potentiated the inhibitory effect on C. albicans growth. Furthermore, it reduced the production of pathogenicity-related morphological structures such as pseudohyphae and chlamydoconidia.Key-words: Cinnamomum zeylanicum. Nystatin. Essential Oil. Natural Product. Drug synergism.

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Antifungal activity of Ocotea odorifera (Vell.) Rowher, Ocotea puberula (Rich.) Nees and Cinnamodendron dinisii Schwanke essential oils

10.1101/859272 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

P. Mezzomo ◽

T.L. Sausen ◽

N. Paroul ◽

S.S. Roman ◽

A.A.P. Mielniczki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽

Biological Interest ◽

Penicillium Crustosum

AbstractBiocompounds are promising tools with the potential to control pathogenic microorganisms. The medicinal plant species Ocotea odorifera, Ocotea puberula and Cinnamodendron dinisii, distributed along Brazilian biomes, are sources of chemical compounds of biological interest. This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of the essential oils of O. odorifera, O. puberula and C. dinisii essential oils upon the mycotoxin producers Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium crustosum. The essential oils where characterized by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometer (CG-MS). The majority compounds identified were: safrol (39.23%) and camphor (31.54%) in O. odorifera, Beta-caryophyllene (25.01%) and spathulenol (17.74%) in O. puberula, and bicyclogermacrene (23.19%) and spathulenol (20.21%) in C. dinisii. The Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of antifungal activity considered diameters higher than 10 mm after 72 h of incubation at 30 ºC. A. alternata presented higher resistance to O. odorifera and C. dinisii oils. The inhibitory effect of O. odorifera on A. flavus showed stabilization at oils concentrations between 50% and 80%, increasing at 90% and 100% (pure oil) treatments. We observed that the essential oils of O. odorifera and C. dinisii have potential in the control of the analyzed fungi species. The essential oil of O. odorifera presented a better activity in all the assays, which can be related to the presence of safrole and phenylpropenes, compounds with known antifungal activity.

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In vitro antibacterial activity of 34 plant essential oils against Alternaria alternata

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/201913606006 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 136 ◽

pp. 06006

Author(s):

Qiyu Lu ◽

Ji Liu ◽

Caihong Tu ◽

Juan Li ◽

Chunlong Lei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Alternaria Alternata ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Drug Susceptibility ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Plant Essential Oils ◽

Mustard Essential Oil

To determine the antibacterial effect of 34 plant essential oils on Alternaria alternata, 34 plant essential oils such as asarum essential oil, garlic essential oil, and mustard essential oil are used as inhibition agents to isolate A. alternata from citrus as indicator bacteria, through the bacteriostasis test and drug susceptibility test, the types of essential oils with the best inhibitory effect were screened and their concentration was determined. The results showed that the best inhibition effect was mustard essential oil with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 250 μl/L and a minimum bactericidal concentration of 250 μl/L. Followed by the Litsea cubeba essential oil and basil oil, the minimum inhibitory concentration is 500 μl/L.

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TheIn VitroAntimicrobial Activity ofLavandula angustifoliaEssential Oil in Combination with Other Aroma-Therapeutic Oils

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2013/852049 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Stephanie de Rapper ◽

Guy Kamatou ◽

Alvaro Viljoen ◽

Sandy van Vuuren

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Citrus Sinensis ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Fractional Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Ionization Detector ◽

Cinnamomum Zeylanicum ◽

Oil Blends ◽

Flame Ionization

The antimicrobial activity ofLavandula angustifoliaessential oil was assessed in combination with 45 other oils to establish possible interactive properties. The composition of the selected essential oils was confirmed using GC-MS with a flame ionization detector. The microdilution minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay was undertaken, whereby the fractional inhibitory concentration (ΣFIC) was calculated for the oil combinations. When lavender oil was assayed in 1 : 1 ratios with other oils, synergistic (26.7%), additive (48.9%), non-interactive (23.7%), and antagonistic (0.7%) interactions were observed. When investigating different ratios of the two oils in combination, the most favourable interactions were whenL. angustifoliawas combined withCinnamomum zeylanicumor withCitrus sinensis,againstC. albicansandS. aureus,respectively. In 1 : 1 ratios, 75.6% of the essential oils investigated showed either synergistic or additive results, lendingin vitrocredibility to the use of essential oil blends in aroma-therapeutic practices. Within the field of aromatherapy, essential oils are commonly employed in mixtures for the treatment of infectious diseases; however, very little evidence exists to support the use in combination. This study lends some credence to the concomitant use of essential oils blended with lavender.

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Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Antimikroba Minyak Atsiri Kembang Leson

AL-Kauniyah Jurnal Biologi ◽

10.15408/kauniyah.v13i2.9966 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 139-146

Author(s):

Ambar Pratiwi ◽

Inas Salimah

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Herbal Medicines ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

E Coli ◽

Ic50 Value ◽

Dpph Method

AbstrakKembang leson adalah racikan jamu untuk mandi yang terdiri dari berbagai obat-obatan herbal yang umum ditemukan di Jawa. Kembang leson mengandung minyak atsiri utama, yaitu camphene 1,29%, benzene methyl cymene 4,93%, camphor 4,75%, cyclohexane methanol 7,56%, dan curdione 4,83%. Golongan senyawa minyak atsiri dapat menghambat radikal bebas 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) dan memiliki aktivitas antibakteri yang ditunjukkan dengan uji aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan dan antibakteri dari minyak atsiri kembang leson. Minyak Atsiri kembang leson diekstraksi dengan metode destilasi. Minyak atsiri yang diperoleh diuji aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode DPPH, serta aktivitas antibakteri dengan metode difusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa minyak atsiri kembang leson memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dengan persentase penghambatan DPPH sebesar 56,16%, dan memiliki nilai IC50 (half maximal inhibitory concentration) sebesar 825,78 ppm. Aktivitas antibakteri minyak atsiri kembang leson juga efektif menghambat pertumbuhan E. coli, tetapi belum mampu menghambat pertumbuhan S. aureus. Minyak atsiri kembang leson dapat digunakan sebagai sumber antioksidan alami. Abstract Kembang leson is an herbal concoction used for bathing. It comprises various herbal medicines found in Java. Kembang leson contains essential oils such as camphene 1.29%, benzene methyl cymene 4.93%, camphor 4.75%, cyclohexane methanol 7.56% and curdione 4.83%. It is known that essential oils can reduce DPPH free radicals and have antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli. Our research to determine the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of kembang leson essential oil. The essential oil was extracted by distillation. The essential oil obtained was tested for antioxidant activity using the DPPH method, and antibacterial activity using the diffusion method. The results show that kembang leson essential oils have antioxidant and antibacterial activity. The percentage of DPPH inhibition was 56.16% and the IC50 value was 825.78 ppm. Antibacterial activity of kembang leson essential oil inhibited the growth of E. coli but could not inhibit the growth of S. aureus. Thus, kembang leson essential oils have antioxidant and antibacterial activity against E. coli, but only have antioxidant activity against S. aureus. Further studies are needed to determent the main ingredients that play an important role in the mechanism of antioxidants and antibacterial of kembang leson essential oil.

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Compositional Analyses and Cytotoxic Activity of Star Anise (Illicium Verum) Essential Oils in Vietnam

JST: Engineering and Technology for Sustainable Development ◽

10.51316/jst.153.etsd.2021.31.4.4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 19-25

Keyword(s):

Colon Cancer ◽

Liver Cancer ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Cancer Cell ◽

Colon Cancer Cell ◽

Volatile Components ◽

Liver Cancer Cell ◽

Star Anise ◽

Illicium Verum

By means of the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method, 21 volatile components have been identified in the essential oils of fruits and the leaves of star anise (Illicium verum Hook. f., Illiciaceae) in Vietnam, in which, essential oil of star anise fruits has 18 components, essential oil of star anise leaves has 16 components, with content have been determined more than 98.60% total compounds of essential oil. The major compound was identified as trans- anethole with 87.05% in leaves essential oil and 90.12% in fruits essential oil. The in vitro anti-cancer activity of star anise essential oil was evaluated by cytotoxicity assay. The results showed that the essential oil obtained from leaves of star anise inhibited the grow of liver cancer cell (IC50 = 10.22 µg/ml) and colon cancer cell (IC50 = 6.26 µg/ml). The essential oil obtained from fruits of star anise inhibited the grow of liver cancer cell and colon cancer cell with the IC50 values of 5.93 and 3.20 µg/ml, respectively.

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Antibacterial Activity and Chemical Composition of Essential Oils from Some Galium (Rubiaceae) Species Against Pathogenic Bacteria

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology ◽

10.24925/turjaf.v5i11.1330-1333.1414 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (11) ◽

pp. 1330

Author(s):

Filiz Yağız ◽

Rifat Battaloğlu ◽

Sedef İlk ◽

Ahmet Savran

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Pseudomonas Syringae ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

E Coli ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Potent Inhibitory Effect

In this work, chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Galium incanum, Galium dieckii ve Galium aladaghense were firstly reported. The essential oils were obtained from the all parts of the plant by hydrodistillation and analyzed by using GC-MS. Antimicrobial activity of synthezied essential oils was carried out against 5 pathogen bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli) ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) ATCC 25923, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (P. syringae) DC300, Salmonella enterica serotype Typhmurium (S. typhmurium) SL 1344 and Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) ATCC 25175. According to the results, it was determined that isolated essential oils comprised of 61 compounds. Compounds of essential oils included that structure monoterpene (8.2%), monoterpenoid (14.75%) and sesquiterpene (14.75%). Unclassified compounds have been identified as other compounds. From the antimicrobial activity was observed that the isolated essential oil from Galium incanum, Galium dieckii ve Galium aladaghense exhibited a potent inhibitory effect against all gram negative and gram positive bacteria with diameter of inhibition zones ranging from 4.3 to 12.3 mm. Essential oil of Galium aladaghense indicated that high antimicrobial activity on all bacteria than Galium incanum and Galium dieckii.

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Evaluation of Seven Essential Oils as Seed Treatments against Seedborne Fungal Pathogens of Cucurbita maxima

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26082354 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (8) ◽

pp. 2354

Author(s):

Marwa Moumni ◽

Mohamed Bechir Allagui ◽

Kaies Mezrioui ◽

Hajer Ben Amara ◽

Gianfranco Romanazzi

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Cucurbita Maxima ◽

Melaleuca Alternifolia ◽

Seedborne Pathogens ◽

Origanum Majorana ◽

Potential Use

Essential oils are gaining interest as environmentally friendly alternatives to synthetic fungicides for management of seedborne pathogens. Here, seven essential oils were initially tested in vivo for disinfection of squash seeds (Cucurbita maxima) naturally contaminated by Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum, Alternaria alternata, Fusarium fujikuro, Fusarium solani, Paramyrothecium roridum, Albifimbria verrucaria, Curvularia spicifera, and Rhizopus stolonifer. The seeds were treated with essential oils from Cymbopogon citratus, Lavandula dentata, Lavandula hybrida, Melaleuca alternifolia, Laurus nobilis, and Origanum majorana (#1 and #2). Incidence of S. cucurbitacearum was reduced, representing a range between 67.0% in L. nobilis to 84.4% in O. majorana #2. Treatments at 0.5 mg/mL essential oils did not affect seed germination, although radicles were shorter than controls, except with C. citratus and O. majorana #1 essential oils. Four days after seeding, seedling emergence was 20%, 30%, and 10% for control seeds and seeds treated with C. citratus essential oil (0.5 mg/mL) and fungicides (25 g/L difenoconazole plus 25 g/L fludioxonil). S. cucurbitacearum incidence was reduced by ~40% for plantlets from seeds treated with C. citratus essential oil. These data show the effectiveness of this essential oil to control the transmission of S. cucurbitacearum from seeds to plantlets, and thus define their potential use for seed decontamination in integrated pest management and organic agriculture.

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Toxicity of the First Ten MEIC Chemicals to Bacteria

Alternatives to Laboratory Animals ◽

10.1177/026119299302100205 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 151-155

Author(s):

Gustaw Kerszman

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Minimal Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Blood Concentration ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Human Lymphocytes ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

E Coli ◽

Mild Toxicity

The toxicity of the first ten MEIC chemicals to Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis was examined. Nine of the chemicals were toxic to the bacteria, with the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 10-3 to 4.4M. The sensitivities of both organisms were similar, but the effect on E. coli was often bactericidal, while it was bacteriostatic for B. subtilis. Digoxin was not detectably toxic to either bacterial species. Amitriptyline and FeSO4 were relatively less toxic to the bacteria than to human cells. For seven chemicals, a highly significant linear regression was established between log MIC in bacteria and log of blood concentration, giving lethal and moderate/mild toxicity in humans, as well as with toxicity to human lymphocytes.

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Essential Oils from Indigenous Iranian Plants: A Natural Weapon vs. Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms10010109 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 109

Author(s):

Mohammadreza Pajohi Alamoti ◽

Behnaz Bazargani-Gilani ◽

Razzagh Mahmoudi ◽

Anna Reale ◽

Babak Pakbin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Zataria Multiflora ◽

Cuminum Cyminum ◽

Plant Essential Oils ◽

E Coli ◽

Mentha Longifolia

Aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial properties of herbal plant essential oils (EOs) from selected Iranian plant species such as Ferulago angulata, Zataria multiflora, Cuminum cyminum, and Mentha longifolia against antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains. For this purpose, the Escherichia coli strains, isolated from raw cow’s milk and local dairy products (yogurt, cream, whey, cheese, and confectionery products) collected from different areas of Hamedan province, Iran, were investigated for their resistance to antibiotics (i.e., streptomycin, tetracycline, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, and cefixime). Thus, the E. coli strains were tested for their susceptibility to the above-mentioned essential oils. Regarding antibiotics, the E. coli strains were highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin. In relation to essential oils, the most effective antibacterial activity was observed with Zataria multiflora; also, the bacteria were semi-sensitive to Cuminum cyminum and Mentha longifolia essential oils. All strains were resistant to Ferulago angulata essential oil. According to the results, the essential oil of Zataria multiflora can be considered as a practical and alternative antibacterial strategy to inhibit the growth of multidrug-resistant E. coli of dairy origin.

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