High Resistant Starch Rice: Variation in Starch Related SNPs, and Functional, and Sensory Properties

Human diets containing greater resistant starch (RS) are associated with superior glycemic control. Although high amylose rice has higher RS (29 g/kg to 44 g/kg) than lower amylose content varieties, sensory and processing properties associated with RS have not been evaluated. This study used variants of Waxy and starch synthase II a (SSIIa) genes to divide high amylose (256 g/kg to 284 g/kg) varieties into three haplotypes to examine their effects on RS, RVA parameters, and 14 cooked rice texture properties. RVA characteristics were influenced by both genes with peak and hotpaste viscosity differentiating the three haplotypes. Setback from hotpaste viscosity was the only RVA parameter correlated with RS content across three haplotypes (r = −0.76 to −0.93). Cooked rice texture attributes were impacted more by Waxy than by SSIIa with initial starch coating, roughness, and intact particles differentiating the three haplotypes. Pairwise correlation (r = 0.46) and PCA analyses suggested that roughness was the only texture attribute associated with RS content; while protein content influenced roughness (r = 0.49) and stickiness between grains (r = 0.45). In conclusion, variation exists among genetic haplotypes with high RS for sensory traits that will appeal to diverse consumers across the globe with limited concern for negatively affecting grain processing quality.

Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Post-Treated Zn4Al Sprayed Coatings Using Twin Wire Arc Spraying

Metal structures in offshore facilities are usually protected from corrosion using Zn-Al coatings even though they are subjected to collective stress conditions. This paper evaluates a post-treatment called machine hammer peening and its effect on surface finish, induced residual stresses, and near-surface microstructure of thermally sprayed ZnAl4 coatings. As expected, coating roughness was reduced from about Rz = 53.5 μm in the as-sprayed condition to 10.4 μm after treatment and coating densification was revealed in the near-surface zone. Residual stresses, which were surprisingly compressive in the as-sprayed condition, were likewise affected by the peening process, reaching a maximum of 200 MPa. The influence of peening direction and other such parameters were also investigated as part of the study.

Service properties of composite electrochemical coating

The article considers the ways of solving problems, regarding the rework and durability improvement of elements of industrial equipment. One of the ways to restore and improve the operational properties of machinery parts is the application of galvanic coatings, in particular, composite galvanic coatings. The article shows ways to improve the performance properties of composites, determines the optimal content of the dispersed phase in the composite, in terms of the ratio of the strength of the dispersed phase and matrix. The composite electrochemical coating wear resistance and the roughness of composites under conditions of abrasive wear have been explored. The relationship between the wear resistance and the surface roughness during wear has been determined. In an experimental study of the composite coatings abrasive wear resistance, it was found that their wear largely depends on the size and volume content of dispersed particles in the coating. It has been experimentally proven that the composite coating roughness depends on the matrix mechanical properties, the content and size of disperse particles.

Effect of Air Plasma Sprayed Flash Bond Coatings on Furnace Cycle Lifetime of Disks and Rods

Air plasma sprayed (APS) flash coatings on high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) bond coatings are well known to extend the lifetime of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). Recent work compared flash coatings of NiCoCrAlY and NiCoCrAlYHfSi applied to both rods and disk substrates of alloy 247. For rod specimens, 100 h cycles were used at 1100 °C in wet air. Both flash coatings significantly improved the lifetime compared to HVOF-only and vacuum plasma spray (VPS)-only MCrAlY bond coatings with no statistical difference between the two flash coatings. For disk specimens tested in 1 h cycles at 1100 °C in wet air, the NiCoCrAlY flash coating significantly outperformed an HVOF-only NiCoCrAlYHfSi bond coating and a NiCoCrAlYHfSi flash coating. The flash coatings formed a mixed oxide-metal zone that appeared to inhibit crack formation and therefore extend lifetime. In addition to the flash coating increasing the bond coating roughness, the underlying HVOF layer acted as a source of Al for this intermixed zone and prevented the oxide from penetrating deeper into the bond coating. The lower Y+Hf content in the Y-only flash coating appeared to minimize oxidation in the flash layer, thereby increasing the benefit compared to a NiCoCrAlYHfSi flash coating.

Low-Resolution Models for the Interaction Dynamics of Coated Gold Nanoparticles with β2-microglobulin

A large number of low-resolution models have been proposed in the last decades to reduce the computational cost of molecular dynamics simulations for bio-nano systems, such as those involving the interactions of proteins with functionalized nanoparticles (NPs). For the proteins, “minimalist” models at the one-bead-per residue (Cα-based) level and with implicit solvent are well established. For the gold NPs, widely explored for biotechnological applications, mesoscale (MS) models treating the NP core with a single spheroidal object are commonly proposed. In this representation, the surface details (coating, roughness, etc.) are lost. These, however, and the specificity of the functionalization, have been shown to have fundamental roles for the interaction with proteins. We presented a mixed-resolution coarse-grained (CG) model for gold NPs in which the surface chemistry is reintroduced as superficial smaller beads. We compared molecular dynamics simulations of the amyloid β2-microglobulin represented at the minimalist level interacting with NPs represented with this model or at the MS level. Our finding highlights the importance of describing the surface of the NP at a finer level as the chemical-physical properties of the surface of the NP are crucial to correctly understand the protein-nanoparticle association.

Effect of APS Flash Bond Coatings on Furnace Cycle Lifetime of Disks and Rods

Air plasma sprayed (APS) flash coatings on high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) bond coatings are well known to extend the lifetime of thermal barrier coatings. Recent work compared flash coatings of NiCoCrAlY and NiCoCrAlYHfSi applied to both rods and disk substrates of alloy 247. For rod specimens, 100-h cycles were used at 1100°C in wet air. Both flash coatings significantly improved the lifetime compared to HVOF-only and VPS-only MCrAlY bond coatings with no statistical difference between the two flash coatings. For disk specimens tested in 1-h cycles at 1100°C in wet air, the NiCoCrAlY flash coating significantly outperformed an HVOF-only NiCoCrAlYHfSi bond coating and a NiCoCrAlYHfSi flash coating. The flash coatings formed a mixed oxide-metal zone that appeared to inhibit crack formation and extend lifetime. In addition to the flash coating increasing the bond coating roughness, the underlying HVOF layer acted as a source of Al for this intermixed zone and prevented the oxide from penetrating deeper into the bond coating. The lower Y+Hf level in the Y-only flash coating appeared to minimize oxidation in the flash layer, thereby increasing the benefit compared to a NiCoCrAlYHfSi flash coating.

МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ГІДРОДИНАМІКИ КОРПУСА СУДНА З УРАХУВАННЯМ БІОЛОГІЧНОГО ЗАБРУДНЕННЯ

The article presents a study of the effect of roughness and waviness (including taking into account bioburden) on the hydrodynamic characteristics of the vessel. To carry out the experiments, a model of the hull of the vessel was developed, which includes the submerged underwater part of the vessel and a special channel in which the flow is modeled. Biological contamination (bio-fouling of the underwater hull) of seaships and river-ships is a problem for all fleets. To maintain the speed of a ship with biological contamination, the hull requires an increase in diesel power by increasing the fuel supply. To maintain the speed of a ship with biological contamination, the requires an increase in diesel power by increasing the fuel supply. It affects the economy and environmental friendliness of maritime transport. The model investigated the change in fluid velocity during flow around a "clean surface" with a roughness of 75, 100, 125 microns. Numerical modeling showed a slight effect of changes in coating roughness for a “clean surface”. Numerical modeling for a surface contaminated with biological contaminants (roughness of 750 micron) revealed a significant effect on the change in fluid velocity along the hull. The developed model can be used when conducting research for a comparative assessment of the energy efficiency of ships.

Mechanical characterization of copper coatings electrodeposited onto different substrates with and without ultrasound assistance

The mechanical properties of systems consisting of copper coatings electrodeposited on both brass sheet (BS) and thick electrodeposited nickel coating (ED Ni) substrates have been investigated. The electrodeposition of copper coatings was performed with and without the ultrasound assistance. The ultrasound application decreases root mean square (RMS) roughness of deposited Cu coating on both applied substrates, as obtained from non-contact AFM measurement. The coating roughness is highly dependent on the substrate roughness, being the smallest for the Cu coatings deposited on ED Ni substrate with the ultrasound mixing. The hardness and adhesion properties were characterized using the Vickers microindentation test. Model of Korsunsky was applied to the experimental data for determination the film hardness and the model of Chen-Gao was used for the adhesion evaluation. The introduction of ultrasonic agitation caused the changes in the film microstructure, and consequently in the mechanical properties. The copper coatings on both substrates, have higher hardness when deposited from electrolyte with ultrasound agitation. Although the type of the substrate has the major influence on the adhesion strength, it can be said that Cu electrodeposition with ultrasonic mixing contributes to an increase in adhesion.

INFLUENCE OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF SUBSTRATE ON THE PROPERTIES OF Ni–Co–Fe ELECTRODEPOSITION COATING ON COPPER

Effects of copper surface roughness [Formula: see text] on the properties of Ni–Co–Fe alloy coatings were studied by the measurement of coating roughness, thickness, hardness, substrate/coating bonding force and the potentiodynamic polarization curve. Results showed that at the current density of 4[Formula: see text]A/dm2, the coating roughness increased with the increase of the value of substrate [Formula: see text] in the range 0.1–1.1[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m. The coating thickness and hardness increased with the decrease of substrate [Formula: see text]. When substrate [Formula: see text] was 0.4[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m, the substrate/coating bonding force reached the maximum level. When substrate [Formula: see text] was 0.1[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m, the coating exhibited the best corrosion resistance. The comprehensive properties of the Ni–Co–Fe coatings can be effectively improved by controlling the surface roughness of copper substrate properly.