scholarly journals Trimetazidine Topical Delivery Prevents Carrageenan Induced Retinal Damage and Glucose Induced Lens Opacification by Decreasing Drop of Protein Level

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Swain ◽  
Souvik Nandi ◽  
Rudra Narayan Sahoo ◽  
Sujata Mohapatra ◽  
Subrata Mallick
Keyword(s):  
Protein Level ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stressed Condition ◽  
Retinal Damage ◽  
Cataract Formation ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Lens Opacification ◽  
Film Formulation

Abstract Carrageenan induced oxidative stress develops retinal damage and increases lipid peroxidation. Glycation of the lens proteins increases modified proteins and may affect the lens structural integrity and opacification, after increasing glucose concentration in the lens. Trimetazidine (TZ) has been reported to have cytoprotective anti-ischaemic activity after systemic administration in an animal model. Trimetazidine ophthalmic film formulation has been prepared using HPMC as the hydrogel-forming polymer. The cytoprotective role of trimetazidine has been studied on carrageenan-induced retinal damage of rat eye by histologicaland Malondialdehyde (MDA) assay applying sterilized film formulation. Trimetazidine solution was used in combination with a high concentration of glucose solution (55 mM) for examining the protective effect from cataract formation. Formulation showed controlled and extended ophthalmic permeation of the drug for about 5 h. Damage of retinal cells in the ganglionic layer has been decreased significantly in the trimetazidinetreated group. Drug treated control group also showed significant disappearance of pyknotic cells. The addition of trimetazidine to the glucose medium practically retarded the lens opacification by reducing the over-production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in increased sugar concentration. Presence of trimetazidine probably decreased the drop of protein level in lens under stressed condition and greater preventive effect has been noticed with TZ concentration of 240 µg/ml rather than 120 µg/ml. Trimetazidine ophthalmic film formulation could prevent retinal damage and cataract formation.

scholarly journals Role of acute phase proteins in diagnosis of uremic pancreatitis and destructive pancreatitis in patients receiving renal replacement therapy (programmed hemodialysis)

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 115-122
Author(s):  
Kazim G. Gasanov ◽  
Viktor A. Zurnadzhyants ◽  
Eldar A. Kchibekov ◽  
M. I. Shikhragimov
Keyword(s):  
Renal Replacement Therapy ◽  
Serum Concentration ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Surgical Unit

Objective. To determine the blood serum 2-microglobulin and 2-macroglobulin concentration in patients undergoing renal replacement therapy (programmed hemodialysis) for the diagnosis of uremic pancreatitis and / or destructive pancreatitis. Materials and methods. The study involved 52 patients admitted to the Surgical Unit of Astrakhan "RZhD-Medicine" Hospital and City Clinical Hospital № 3. The blood serum 2-microglobulin and 2-macroglobulin concentration was analyzed in patients admitted on an emergency basis with suspicion of uremic pancreatitis and destructive pancreatitis, who receive renal replacement therapy (programmed hemodialysis). The control group included 50 outpatients undergoing renal replacement therapy (programmed hemodialysis). The study did not include patients with suspected pancreatitis who were not receiving renal replacement therapy. The period of the study is 20192021. Results. The concentration of blood serum 2-microglobulin is statistically higher than normal in all patients, who had received renal replacement therapy (programmed hemodialysis) in anamnesis. The most statistically high concentration of 2-microglobulin was revealed while studying patients with uremic pancreatitis (n = 34), and was (30.0 2.75 mg/l) compared with the blood serum concentration in patients with destructive pancreatitis (8 0.51 mg / l). The concentration of 2-macroglobulin was statistically lower in destructive pancreatitis (n = 18) and was 615 161 mg/l compared with uremic pancreatitis (980 216 mg/l). In the control group of outpatients (n = 50) receiving renal replacement therapy (programmed hemodialysis), no statistically significant blood serum concentrations of 2-microglobulin and 2-macroglobulin were found. Conclusions. A clear dependence of the concentration of 2-microglobulin and 2-macroglobulin on the severity of uremic pancreatitis and destructive pancreatitis was established. Statistically high values of 2-microglobulin concentrations were obtained in patients with uremic pancreatitis, and the 2-macroglobulin level was statistically low in destructive pancreatitis.

Effect of neonatal hypothyroidism on maturation of nuclear triiodothyronine (T3) receptors in developing rat brain

1980 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazumasa Ishiguro ◽  
Yukichi Suzuki ◽  
Tamotu Sato
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Brain Maturation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Neonatal Hypothyroidism ◽  
Developing Rat ◽  
T3 Receptors

Abstract. Changes of nuclear T3 receptors during brain maturation were studied in normal and hypothyroid rats. In normal rats, the higher receptor concentration present in the neonatal period (0.35 ± 0.04 ng T3/mg DNA) decreased at the age of 14 days (0.25 ± 0.02 ng T3/mg DNA), and remained at this level thereafter to 35 days of age (0.25 ± 0.03 T3/mg DNA). In contrast, hypothyroid rats showed a significantly higher concentration than that found in an age-matched control group at the age of 14 days (0.38 ± 0.07 ng T3/mg DNA), and maintained this level up to 35 days of age (0.37 ± 0.03 T3/mg DNA). The binding affinity was similar in both groups and throughout maturation (mean ± sd in normal groups: 1.9 ± 0.3 × 1010m−1, in hypothyroid groups: 1.7 ± 0.2 × 1010m−1). Plasma T3 concentrations showed changes reciprocal to those in the binding capacity of T3 receptors. These results indicate that nuclear T3 receptors in rat brain mature by the age of 14 days, in association with a decrease in binding capacity, and this process seems to be T3-dependent. The physiological role of the high concentration of T3 receptors observed in neonatal and hypothyroid rat brain during development is at present not clear.

scholarly journals Role of Serum Fibrinogen Levels in Patients with Rotator Cuff Tears

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umile Giuseppe Longo ◽  
Stefano Petrillo ◽  
Alessandra Berton ◽  
Filippo Spiezia ◽  
Mattia Loppini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rotator Cuff ◽  
Serum Concentration ◽  
Vascular Supply ◽  
Rotator Cuff Tears ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Microvascular Damage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Arthroscopic Meniscectomy

Although rotator cuff (RC) tendinopathy is a frequent pathology of the shoulder, the real understanding of its aetiopathogenesis is still unclear. Several studies showed that RC tendinopathy is more frequent in patients with hyperglycemia, diabetes, obesity, or metabolic syndrome. This paper aims to evaluate the serum concentration of fibrinogen in patients with RC tears. Metabolic disorders have been related to high concentration of serum fibrinogen and the activity of fibrinogen has been proven to be crucial in the development of microvascular damage. Thus, it may produce progression of RC degeneration by reducing the vascular supply of tendons. We report the results of a cross-sectional frequency-matched case-control study comparing the serum concentration of fibrinogen of patients with RC tears with that of a control group of patients without history of RC tears who underwent arthroscopic meniscectomy. We choose to enrol in the control group patients with pathology of the lower limb with a likely mechanic, not metabolic, cause, different from tendon pathology. We found no statistically significant differences in serum concentration of fibrinogen when comparing patients with RC tears and patients who underwent arthroscopic meniscectomy (P= 0.5). Further studies are necessary to clarify the role of fibrinogen in RC disease.

Prediction of remodeling of small diameter arteries in the model of experimental glomerulonephritis

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 64-71
Author(s):  
E. S. Levitskaya ◽  
M. M. Batiushin ◽  
I. N. Kasich ◽  
M. A. Akimenko ◽  
O. V. Voronova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Systemic Blood Pressure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Artery Remodeling

BACKGROUND. Determining the pathogenetic mechanisms of small-caliber renal artery remodeling in chronic glomerulone­phritis (GN) is an urgent task of nephrology, the implementation of which will allow establishing new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to patients management. THE AIM: To evaluate the influence of hemodynamic, tubulointerstitial, and endothe- liotropic risk factors on the probability of remodeling of interlobular arteries in an experimental model of glomerulonephritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The experiment included 45 individuals of white mongrel rats, 3 of which were used to prepare an antigen suspension (AS), and 42 rats were divided into 4 groups: 9 individuals in the main groups (with the introduction of only AS, with the introduction of an incomplete Freund adjuvant, with AS and sodium chloride, with AS and perindopril) and 6 ratsin the control group. Glomerulonephritis was formed in the main groups of the experiment. Systolic blood pressure (SAD), the protein level in the urine, and the presence of edematous syndrome were monitored initially, on the 15th, 30th, and 60th day of the experiment. The size of the interlobular artery (MA) was determined by the morphological study, and the expression of VEGF and TGFp in the kidneys. RESULTS. Morphological signs of glomerulonephritis were obtained in all the main groups of the experiment as early as day 15. The greatest increase in SAD, protein in the urine, the presence of edematous syndrome in groups with the introduction of AS and AS with sodium chloride was found. The highest expression of VEGF and TGFp was found in these groups of rats. In the group with AS with perindopril, normotension was formed, the protein level was lower than in rats with AS with or without the use of sodium chloride, and there was no edematous syndrome. The expression of VEGF and TGFp was minimal. Interlobular artery remodeling in established groups of AS an AC with sodium chloride. In the remain­ing groups of rats, the size of the interlobular arteries was comparable to the control group. CONCLUSION. The leading role of systemic blood pressure in the remodeling of small-diameter kidney arteries in glomerulonephritis has been established. Despite the presence of active glomerulonephritis in rats, the structure of small arteries does not change during the formation of normotension.

scholarly journals Abnormal Circadian Modification of Aδ-Fiber Pathway Excitability in Idiopathic Restless Legs Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Catello Vollono ◽  
Giacomo Della Marca ◽  
Elisa Testani ◽  
Anna Losurdo ◽  
Daniela Virdis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Restless Legs Syndrome ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Restless Legs ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Nociceptive Pathways ◽  
Dopaminergic Dysfunction ◽  
Hands And Feet

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is characterized by unpleasant sensations generally localized to legs, associated with an urge to move. A likely pathogenetic mechanism is a central dopaminergic dysfunction. The exact role of pain system is unclear. The purpose of the study was to investigate the nociceptive pathways in idiopathic RLS patients. We enrolled 11 patients (mean age 53.2 ± 19.7 years; 7 men) suffering from severe, primary RLS. We recorded scalp laser-evoked potentials (LEPs) to stimulation of different sites (hands and feet) and during two different time conditions (daytime and nighttime). Finally, we compared the results with a matched control group of healthy subjects. The Aδ responses obtained from patients did not differ from those recorded from control subjects. However, the N1 and the N2-P2 amplitudes’ night/day ratios after foot stimulation were increased in patients, as compared to controls (N1: patients: 133.91 ± 50.42%; controls: 83.74 ± 34.45%; p=0.016; Aδ-N2-P2: patients: 119.15 ± 15.56%; controls: 88.42 ± 23.41%; p=0.003). These results suggest that RLS patients present circadian modifications in the pain system, which are not present in healthy controls. Both sensory-discriminative and affective-emotional components of pain experience show parallel changes. This study confirms the structural integrity of Aδ nociceptive system in idiopathic RLS, but it also suggests that RLS patients present circadian modifications in the pain system. These findings could potentially help clinicians and contribute to identify new therapeutic approaches.

Tryptophan-Niacin Metabolism in Rat with Puromycin Aminonucleoside-Induced Nephrosis

2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukari Egashira ◽  
Shin Nagaki ◽  
Hiroo Sanada
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Puromycin Aminonucleoside ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Key Enzyme

We investigated the change of tryptophan-niacin metabolism in rats with puromycin aminonucleoside PAN-induced nephrosis, the mechanisms responsible for their change of urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites, and the role of the kidney in tryptophan-niacin conversion. PAN-treated rats were intraperitoneally injected once with a 1.0% (w/v) solution of PAN at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. The collection of 24-hour urine was conducted 8 days after PAN injection. Daily urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites, liver and blood NAD, and key enzyme activities of tryptophan-niacin metabolism were determined. In PAN-treated rats, the sum of urinary excretion of nicotinamide and its metabolites was significantly lower compared with controls. The kidneyα-amino-β-carboxymuconate-ε-semialdehyde decarboxylase (ACMSD) activity in the PAN-treated group was significantly decreased by 50%, compared with the control group. Although kidney ACMSD activity was reduced, the conversion of tryptophan to niacin tended to be lower in the PAN-treated rats. A decrease in urinary excretion of niacin and the conversion of tryptophan to niacin in nephrotic rats may contribute to a low level of blood tryptophan. The role of kidney ACMSD activity may be minimal concerning tryptophan-niacin conversion under this experimental condition.

The Use of Posterior Pericardiotomy Technique to Prevent Postoperative Pericardial Effusion in Cardiac Surgery

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Canturk Cakalagaoglu ◽  
Cengiz Koksal ◽  
Ayse Baysal ◽  
Gokhan Alici ◽  
Birol Ozkan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Heart Surgery ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Pericardial Tamponade ◽  
Anxiety Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Echocardiographic Study ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Hospital Stays

<p><b>Aim:</b> The goal was to determine the effectiveness of the posterior pericardiotomy technique in preventing the development of early and late pericardial effusions (PEs) and to determine the role of anxiety level for the detection of late pericardial tamponade (PT).</p><p><b>Materials and Methods:</b> We divided 100 patients randomly into 2 groups, the posterior pericardiotomy group (n = 50) and the control group (n = 50). All patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG), valvular heart surgery, or combined valvular and CABG surgeries were included. The posterior pericardiotomy technique was performed in the first group of 50 patients. Evaluations completed preoperatively, postoperatively on day 1, before discharge, and on postoperative days 5 and 30 included electrocardiographic study, chest radiography, echocardiographic study, and evaluation of the patient's anxiety level. Postoperative causes of morbidity and durations of intensive care unit and hospital stays were recorded.</p><p><b>Results:</b> The 2 groups were not significantly different with respect to demographic and operative data (<i>P</i> > .05). Echocardiography evaluations revealed no significant differences between the groups preoperatively; however, before discharge the control group had a significantly higher number of patients with moderate, large, and very large PEs compared with the pericardiotomy group (<i>P</i> < .01). There were 6 cases of late PT in the control group, whereas there were none in the pericardiotomy group (<i>P</i> < .05). Before discharge and on postoperative day 15, the patients in the pericardiotomy group showed significant improvement in anxiety levels (<i>P</i> = .03 and .004, respectively). No differences in postoperative complications were observed between the 2 groups.</p><p><b>Conclusion:</b> Pericardiotomy is a simple, safe, and effective method for reducing the incidence of PE and late PT after cardiac surgery. It also has the potential to provide a better quality of life.</p>

The Estimation of prostate specific antigen (PSA) concentrations in patients with prostatitis by fully automated ELISA technique.

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 1100-1104
Author(s):  
Hussein Naeem Aldhaheri ◽  
Ihsan Edan AlSaimary ◽  
Murtadha Mohammed ALMusafer
Keyword(s):  
Personal Information ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Elisa Technique ◽  
And Control

      The Aim of this study was to determine Immunogenetic expression of  Toll-like receptor gene clusters related to prostatitis, to give acknowledge about Role of TLR in prostatitis immunity in men from Basrah and Maysan provinces. A case–control study included 135 confirmed prostatitis patients And 50 persons as a control group. Data about age, marital status, working, infertility, family history and personal information like (Infection, Allergy, Steroid therapy, Residency, Smoking, Alcohol Drinking, Blood group, Body max index (BMI) and the clinical finding for all patients of Prostatitis were collected. This study shows the effect of PSA level in patients with prostatitis and control group, with P-value <0.0001 therefore the study shows a positive significant between elevated PSA levels and Prostatitis.

The Toxicity of Castor Beans and its Treatment with Doxycycline in Local Rabbits

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nael Mohammed Sarheed ◽  
Osamah Faisal Kokas ◽  
Doaa Abd Alabas Muhammed Ridh
Keyword(s):  
Castor Bean ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Doxycycline Treatment ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Physiological Tests ◽  
Animal House ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

The plant of castor is widely spread in the Iraqi land, and characterized with containing ricin toxin, which has a very serious effects, and because the seeds of this plant scattered in the agricultural soil and rivers water, which increases the exposure of humans and animals to these beans. Objective: This experiment was designed to study the effect of high concentration of castor bean powder in some physiological and biochemical parameters and changes in some tissues of the body, as well as trying to use doxycycline to reduce the effects of ingestion of these seeds. Materials and Methods: In the experiment, 24 local rabbits were raised and fed in the Animal House of the Faculty of Medicine / Al-Muthanna University, then divided into four groups and treated for three weeks (21 days), Control group: treated with normal saline solution (0.9) orally throughout the experiment, G1: was treated orally with a concentration of 25 mg / kg of castor bean powder daily during the experiment, G2 : orally treated 25 mg / kg of castor bean and 25 mg / kg of doxycycline, G3: orally treated 25 mg / kg of castor powder with 50 mg / kg of doxycycline daily throughout the trial period. Results: The results of the experiment showed significant changes (P less than 0.05) in all physiological and biochemical blood tests when compared with control group. There was a significant decrease in PCV, Hb, RBC, T.protein and body weights, while demonstrated a significant increase in WBC, Urea, Creatinine, ALT, AST and ALP, with distortions in liver and kidney of animals that treated with Castor beans. In contrast, the treatment with doxycycline and caster beans showed significant improvement reflected by a normal proportion in physiological tests and biochemical tests with improvement in the tissues when compared to control group. Conclusions: It can be concluded from this study that castor bean has high toxic and pathogenic effects that may be dangerous to the life of the organism. Therefore, it is advisable to be cautious of these pills and avoid exposure to them, also recommended to take high concentrations of doxycycline treatment when infected with castor bean poisoning.

Effectiveness Of Toilet Training Education On Mother's Behavior And Toddler Age Toilet Training Ability (18-36 Months)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Hafiko Andresni ◽  
Zahtamal Zahtamal ◽  
Winda Septiani ◽  
Mitra Mitra ◽  
Lita Lita
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toilet Training ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maternal Knowledge ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Toilet training is an effort to train children to be able to control and urinate (BAK) and defecate (BAB). Toilet training is one of the main tasks of children at toddler age. Toilet training is one of the main tasks of children in toddler age which is very important to be done to create independence in children in controlling BAK and BAB and children know the parts of the body and their functions. Data in 2012 shows that ± 60% of parents do not teach toilet training to children from an early age. The aim of the study was to find out the effectiveness of toilet training education on maternal behavior and toilet skills in toddler age training (18-36 months). The study was conducted in July-August 2018. This type of quantitative research used the design of the Quasy pretest and posttest experiment with non-equivalent control group design. Samples were 36 mothers and 36 children with purposive sampling technique. Data analysis used Paired t test, Wilcoxon test, Man-Whitney test an Independent t test. The results showed that toilet training education through lecture methods, modules and maze games was more effective than toilet training education through lecture and leaflet methods on children's knowledge and abilities. Conversely, for the role of mothers in supervision there is no significant difference in effectiveness. Health education is recommended in health promotion programs to increase maternal knowledge, the role of mothers and the ability of toilet training children independently. Keywords: Toilet training, Lecture method, Module, Maze game, Leaflet, Knowledge, Role of mother, Children's ability.

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