Measurement of Oil Consumption by Turbine Flow Meters in Conditions of Wax Deposition

Commercial metering of oil is performed at almost all stages of the life cycle, from well production control to the transfer of the produced oil to the end customer. In most cases, special systems for measuring the quantity and quality of commercial oil (SIQO) are used for this. If such a system implements an indirect dynamic measurement method, then a turbine flow meter is most often a means of measuring volumetric flow. Its accuracy depends on many external factors, including wax deposits on the inner surface of the measuring pipeline and on the elements of the flow meter itself. The article investigates the influence of the thickness of the paraffin layer on the error value of the turbine flow meter. It is shown that the decrease in metrological reliability occurs mainly due to the appearance of a paraffin layer in the measuring line itself. It is proposed to determine the timing of the metrological characteristics verification by indirect parameters, in particular, by the change in pressure in the measuring line.

Improving measuring line parameters of the UIC test bench

This article deals with the description of the management of variable braking force at the request of multi-level braking on certification test bench UIC. The device is used to analyze the frictional properties of rolling stock brake accessory components. The introduction of the article describes and approaches the function of the measurement and control process. Based on the UIC standard, the requirement for variable braking force for multi-level braking is described. The conclusion of the article is devoted to evaluating the accuracy of measured data and analyzing undesirable phenomena.

ANALYSIS OF LINE EFFICIENCY IN FINISHING DEPARTMENT PT PURA NUSAPERSADA UNIT PAPER MILL 7/8

Measuring line efficiency and productivity are very important to do to find out in which level the efficiency and productivity of the business process has been carried out by the company. This paper aims to determine line efficiency analysis and provide suggestions for improvements to increase line efficiency at the finishing department of PT Pura Nusapersada. Measurement of line efficiency in the finishing department of PT Pura Nusapersada paper mill unit 7 has not yet reached the company's line efficiency value target. The initial line efficiency assessment obtained a percentage of 65.14% while the company's target was 70%. In this paper, a fishbone diagram is used to determine the root cause of the problem. Based on the research results, it was found that the most dominant cause of the problem was the inefficient work elements at the cutter, sorting, pollar, and packing work stations. Improvements were made using the eliminate, combine, re-arrange, and simplify (ECRS) method and the results of the line efficiency improvements in the finishing department increased to 71.90% and the company's target can be met.

Measuring Line Pressure in Convection-Enhanced Delivery Infusions

Convection-Enhanced Delivery (CED) is an investigative treatment for brain tumors. Reflux has been shown to be a key issue in the success of CED treatments. Minimal research has been conducted to determine the onset of reflux. Furthermore, the ability to identify reflux allows for corrective action to be taken before the consequences of reflux renders the treatment unsuccessful. Reflux could be quickly identified by changes in pressure measured in the catheter. In this study we examine the difficulties associated with measuring inline pressure. Results indicate the measured inline pressure will change depending on catheter length and orientation. Therefore, relative changes in pressure coupled with early treatment imaging could be utilized to determine the success of CED treatment.

ANALYSIS OF MULTI-PROBE MEASURING LINE MODEL AND CALCULATION OF UNCERTAINTY OF MEASUREMENT WITH ITS HELP

The article considers the uncertainty method and its use in modern measuring systems in microwaves. The advantages of the method are described, they demonstrate the effectiveness of the uncertainty method in estimating errors that occur during operation and calibration of a multi-probe transmission line reflectometer (MTLR) which can be used as a receiver in software-defined radio communication systems. The equations are obtained for the measurement uncertainties of MTLR due to various sources: errors in measuring voltages at the outputs of detectors, errors in calibration, inaccuracies in the knowledge of the wavelength in the line, and distances from the test load to the sensors. To analyze the uncertainties of types A and B, a numerical simulation of measuring the estimated parameters was carried out. Based on the data obtained, the results show that the expressions for dispersion matrices fully describe the nature of the measurement uncertainty in the ranges of variances of different error sources. The results of computer simulation confirming the theoretical conclusions are presented.

A Biblical Metaphor for חסד

This paper identifies a link between two biblical syntagms involving חסד and a rabbinic syntagm involving חסד. The additional information in the rabbinic syntagm allows us to appreciate that the biblical syntagms figure חסד as a measuring line.

Characteristic of Magnetic Fluctuation of Underground Passing Pig Labeled with Magnets

During the pigging process, a pig labeled with magnets can be effectively detected by monitoring the magnetic fluctuation (MF) introduced when the pig passes by. In order to analyze the influence of various factors on the MF, the principle for magnetic fluctuation detection (MFD) is described, and a detection model is established here. The influence of model parameters, such as pipeline geometries, geomagnetic characteristics, as well as permeability of pipeline, on the magnetic anomaly distribution along the measured line is analyzed. The study reveals that with the increase in pipeline parameters (thickness, permeability, and outer diameter), the MF detected decreases. The pipeline length will have little influence on the MF. With an increased number of magnets, the MF increases while remaining almost unchanged at two ends of the measuring line. Attention should be paid to the installation of magnets to ensure the consistency of the magnetic moments. With the increase in geomagnetic intensity and declination, the MF will be almost unaffected, while the change of geomagnetic inclination will introduce an obvious change to the MF. In field application, measuring points can be set along and above the pipeline with a certain interval. From the magnetic anomaly measured, it can be determined whether the pig has passed by the point or not.