“Treason of the Crimean Khan” in the battle of Berestechko: myths and facts

On the climax of the battleunder Berestechko (June 30, 1651) the Crimean Tatars fled, leaving their allies, the Ukrainian Cossacks, in the battlefield. According to the almost unanimous opinion, the cause of the defeat of the allied forces was the successful actions of the Polish army under the leadership of the king John II Casimir, who dealt the main blow to the Crimean cavalry. Under the enemy`s cannonballs, the Crimeans suffered heavy losses and fled, and khan Islam III Giray himself was nearly killed. But there is no evidence that the Tatars deliberately abandoned the Cossacks.

Image perception of chain hotel companies by consumers

The hotel industry is growing and changing every time human needs change. There are a huge number of chain hotel companies ready to meet the needs of potential customers. In the conditions of ever-increasing competition, hotel companies are faced with the task of creating a positive image. The image itself is a mandatory element of a hotel brand and exists throughout its entire life path. Creating a positive image requires a lot of creative and organizational work. The purpose of the research is to determine the degree of influence of the image and reputation of a chain hotel company on the consciousness of consumers. The problem with the study is that it is impossible to accurately determine the unanimous opinion of consumers. Each brand has advantages and disadvantages, some consumers have used the services of chain hotel companies, and some have not, however, this will help to consider different sides of consumer views.

Predictors of myocardial reperfusion syndrome: a modern view of the issue and current problems. Part 2: no-reflow phenomenon (literature review)

Despite the fact that the phenomenon of unrecovered coronary blood flow (no-reflow) has long been known, there is still no unanimous opinion about the predictors and, accordingly, the risk groups for its occurrence. This prevents predicting the further course of the disease and investigating the effectiveness of therapeutic and surgical methods for preventing the consequences of reperfusion in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, which in turn worsens the postoperative and long-term prognosis in this group of patients. We used the search engines E-library, Google Scholar and Pubmed to search for studies on this issue. The article presents and analyzes research data covering the predictors of the no-reflow phenomenon. The difficulties in identifying them are also described, the issue of a diagnostic approach ans sampling for research is raised. A review of studies dedicated to the identification of predictors of the no-reflow phenomenon using optical coherence tomography and intravascular ultrasound is given.

Challenges of modernity in the process of modernization of the structure of higher education in Ukraine

The article considered the problems caused by the need to adapt the system of higher education and vocational training to the dynamic changes of the globalized world. It stands out as interferences of the Bologna Process in Higher Education of Ukraine. This is an exploratory qualitative study. Among these closing considerations we highlight that most professors, associate professors, professors from various universities in Ukraine speak very negatively about this process, saying that we have inherited from the Bologna system its worst component - the modular credit system. This is, according to the unanimous opinion of Ukrainian teachers, which has led to the rapid degradation of domestic higher education since the assessment of knowledge (in parts!). It does not leave the student with an integral idea of the corresponding subject and, therefore, does not contribute to the acquisition of systemic knowledge.

THE VEDAS AND BHAKTI HARMONIZED - KŌVALŪR: THE MUTAL ĀḺVĀRS AND TIRUMAṄKAI

The unanimous opinion among religious philosophers is that the Vedas and bhakti are two different denominators of approach to God in Indian tradition. However, the Tamil Vaiṣṇava mystics, the Āḻvārs find a harmonious blend of the two modes in ritual worship. The present article examines the pros and cons of the problem from a study of the hymns beginning with the Mutal (Early) Āḻvārs and last in the train, Tirumaṅkai. The cited hymns are replete with the bounties of nature associated with the divyadeśa-Kōvalūr that we examine for a case study. Bhakti or the Veda is the euphony linked with nature. The present article explains how the Āḻvārs had harmonized the Veda with bhakti. These are complementary modes of approach to God. They are not conflicting phenomena. By the way, data bearing on flora and fauna dumped in the twenty-one hymns on Kōvalūr are presented in a capsule (Attachment).

The Determination of the Linguistic Status of Ellipsis

The article deals with the study of ellipses in the English language. It states the importance and urgency of the investigation of ellipsis. The urgency of the investigation and its importance in the science of linguistics are substantiated and the direction of investigation and the methods used for the study of the problem are determined in the article as well. A special attention is paid to the revelation of theoretical views and the author’s attitudes to these viewpoints are discovered. Another problem to be paid worth of attention is considered structural and semantic peculiarities of sentence and utterance in the investigation because in the determination of the status of linguistic ellipsis this problem plays an important role. Determination of which viewpoint on being ellipsis a sentence or an utterance is considered as one of the main purposes of the investigation in the article, for in the determination of ellipsis as a sentence or an utterance, there is not a unanimous opinion. In the theoretical part of the article all these views are distinguished and highlighted for the successful achievement of the purpose. For the first time, in the article the status of ellipsis is considered on the ground of sentence and utterance.

EDUCATIONAL AND REALISTIC PERIOD OF AZERBAIJANI CHILDREN'S LITERATURE

The article first speaks about the historical period in which children's literature was created in Azerbaijan and the reasons for this development. It is shown that Azerbaijan's children's literature was created in the second half of the 19th century. After die inclusion of North Azerbaijan into die Russian Empire, die findings of die social-political, literary-cultural, pedagogical, European-style school and educational movement as well as the enlightenment-realist thinking can he considered as factors contributing to the formation of national children's literature. Generally, die second half of die 19di century and die beginning of die 20di century are characterized as die period of development and initial development of Azerbaijani children’s literature. There is no unanimous opinion about the history of national children's literature in the Azerbaijani Literature. The history of these different ideas dates back to the beginning of the 20th century and lasted until recently. There are various savings related to this important problem. Such ideas and beliefs were based on ignoring the characteristics of children's literature. Unfortunately, these conclusions have also been found in programs and textbooks related to Azerbaijani children's literature. The article considers the existing judgments and conclusions in the Azerbaijani literary-theoretical view. They express their attitude towards these considerations and opinions. At the same time, a certain historical period in which Azerbaijani children's literature was created. Facts prove that Azerbaijani children's literature was created in 70-80s of the XIX century, as an independent branch of literature. We must accept S. A. Shirvani as his first representative and founder of our children's literature.

The comparative historical and comparative legal characteristics of the Islamic criminal procedure

In order to analyze and characterize modern forms of the criminal process, it is customary to use comparative legal typologies. Within the framework of the comparative legal approach, the division of the criminal investigative process and controversial types is widespread (‘common’). Each of them is characterized by a certain spectrum of ideal attributes, opposed to each other and “embedded” in a wider typology of legal families. This article raises the question of the existence of a third universal model of the criminal process, which is considered the criminal process of the countries of Islamic rule (Islamic). It is concluded that in its technical structure (at the level of its procedural form), the Islamic criminal process belongs to the investigative type. However, if we consider the Islamic criminal process from the point of view of its procedural content, which has a religious legal explanation, it undoubtedly has the specifics that make it possible to speak of it as an independent ideal type (universal model). This is evidenced by three characteristics: the supremacy of the Koran and the Sunna over legislation and precedent; the priority of ijma (unanimous opinion of Muslim legal scholars) over the law (its procedural and substantive provisions) and judicial decisions (precedent); the administration of justice only by the cadi (judges who, by virtue of religious duty, subordinate to themselves all participants in the criminal process and are responsible for its entire course and outcome).

Visual precedence: theoretical and applied aspects

The article focuses on scientific publications dedicated to visual precedence. The analyzed works reflect a certain irregularity in the terminological designation of precedent visual phenomena (pre-existing visual phenomenа – PVP) and, at the same time, the replenishment of terminological vocabulary in studies of the researchers dealing with visual precedence. A review of works on the declared topic highlights the lack of unanimous opinion on the PVP representation forms in text structures and on the scope of visual precedence. The specific features of the PVP functioning in political and media discourses have been definitively described by the beginning of the 2nd decade of the 21st century; although fragmentary but sufficiently representative information has been obtained about the nature of their existence in advertising; the first steps were being taken in studying of their specific use in artistic and popular science discourse. The researcher s have established sphere sources of PVP, their general and particular functions, described technologies for associative increments actualization through PVP, exciting meanings planned by the addressing speaker. The results of the PVP study are reflected in the forensic linguistic examinations practice and in language teaching at school and the university.

Grenzen der Wissenszurechnung

The concept of the German Civil Code (BGB) understands the entitled person as carrier of the relevant information. Thus, according to Sec. 119 ff. BGB, a rescission is possible when the entitled person has gained knowledge of the reason for rescission, and a termination is made when the authorized person has become aware of the ground for termination, Sec. 626 para. 2 s. 2 BGB. But which rules should apply if the entitled person and the information diverge–for example in a multi-level group structure or cases of outsourcing? Jurisdiction and literature have not formed a unanimous opinion so far. The study analyses the current level and abstracts conditions under which the imputation of knowledge in these practical constellations is possible.