Development of a System for Measurement on Asymmetric Sitting Posture

Sitting posture measurement system using the unstable board with accelerometer was developed. And, postural balance was assessed to determine the effect of asymmetry on sitting posture between patients with pelvic asymmetry and healthy subjects. 10 subjects (pelvic asymmetry patients:5, healthy controls:5) were participated in this study. We performed experiment under static and dynamic sitting condition. Angular variation in the anterior-posterior and left-right direction was measured in both two conditions. Also, intra class correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the reliability of the system. The value of angle of pelvic asymmetry patients was more tilted significantly to the left side than right side during static and dynamic sitting. The reliability of the system was excellent. This paper suggested that a system for measurement on asymmetric sitting posture can be utilized to provide useful information about patients with pelvic asymmetry in rehabilitation medicine. Furthermore, results from this study can be used to develop the new clinical quantitative measurement system.

Half-integer quantized anomalous thermal Hall effect in the Kitaev material candidate α-RuCl3

Half-integer thermal quantum Hall conductance has recently been reported for the two-dimensional honeycomb material α-RuCl3. We found that the half-integer thermal Hall plateau appears even for a magnetic field with no out-of-plane components. The measured field-angular variation of the quantized thermal Hall conductance has the same sign structure as the topological Chern number of the pure Kitaev spin liquid. This observation suggests that the non-Abelian topological order associated with fractionalization of the local magnetic moments persists even in the presence of non-Kitaev interactions in α-RuCl3.

THE PROGRAM FOR CALCULATING THE ASYMMETRY COEFFICIENTS OF AEROSOL SCATTERING IN THE RED AND NEAR IR REGIONS OF THE SPECTRUM

В настоящей работе представлено программное обеспечение, реализующее методику определения аэрозольного коэффициента асимметрии из результатов наблюдений интегрального коэффициента рассеянных световых потоков, оптической толщи и альбедо местности интерполяционным путем без применения аппарата решения обратных задач. В качестве исходных используются данные измерений углового хода яркости дневного безоблачного неба в солнечном альмукантарате при разной спектральной прозрачности атмосферы и альбедо подстилающей поверхности. Наблюдения выполняются в длинах волн 675, 870 и 1020 нм при зенитных углах Солнца 65÷750, при этом яркость может измеряться в любых единицах, включая непосредственно отсчеты фотометра. При обработке результатов мониторинговых наблюдений даже на одной длине волны требуется производить значительное количество однотипных вычислений, что делает задачу автоматизации расчетов атмосферных параметров, в частности, коэффициентов асимметрии, безусловно актуальной. Изложены требования к входным данным, представлена блок-схема алгоритма и описание интерфейса пользователя программы. Результаты расчетов выводятся в табличной форме. Программаобеспечивает приемлемую погрешность определения коэффициентов асимметрии и может быть использована в геофизике и климатологии при проведении расчетов поступления рассеянной солнечной радиации на земную поверхность с целью последующей оценки размеров частиц. In this paper, software is presented that implements the method for determining the aerosol asymmetry coefficient from the results of observations of the integral coefficient of scattered light fluxes, optical depth and albedo of the terrain by interpolation without using an apparatus for solving inverse problems. The data of measurements of the angular variation of the brightness of the daytime cloudless sky in the solar almucantar with different spectral transparency of the atmosphere and the albedo of the underlying surface are used as the initial data. Observations are carried out at wavelengths of 675, 870 and 1020 nm at zenith angles of the Sun 65 ÷ 750, while the brightness can be measured in any unit, including directly the readings of the photometer. When processing the results of monitoring observations, even at one wavelength, it is required to perform a significant number of calculations of the same type, which makes the task of automating the calculations of atmospheric parameters, in particular, the asymmetry coefficients, undoubtedly relevant. Requirements for the input data are stated, a block diagram of the algorithm and a description of the user interface of the program are presented. The calculation results are displayed in tabular form. The program provides an acceptable error in determining the asymmetry coefficients and can be used in geophysics and climatology when calculating the arrival of scattered solar radiation on the earth's surface in order to further estimate the particle size.

Dynamics of ionospheric and telluric currents during large events of geomagnetically induced currents

<p>Geomagnetic variations are mainly produced by external currents in the ionosphere and magnetosphere, and secondarily by induced (internal/telluric) currents in the conducting Earth. Large geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) are associated with large time derivatives of the horizontal magnetic field. Recent results show that the time derivative is typically dominated by the contribution from the telluric currents. Our study aims to find measures to quantify the behaviour of external and internal currents and their time derivatives during large GIC events. Results of this study show that strong external currents have quite narrow directional distributions. Angular variation is larger for internal currents, and especially for their time derivatives. For external currents angular variation is larger at higher latitudes. Similar behaviour is not seen with internal currents.</p>

Interface mobility between monomers in dimeric bovine ATP synthase participates in the ultrastructure of inner mitochondrial membranes

The ATP synthase complexes in mitochondria make the ATP required to sustain life by a rotary mechanism. Their membrane domains are embedded in the inner membranes of the organelle, and they dimerize via interactions between their membrane domains. The dimers form extensive chains along the tips of the cristae with the two rows of monomeric catalytic domains extending into the mitochondrial matrix at an angle to each other. Disruption of the interface between dimers by mutation affects the morphology of the cristae severely. By analysis of particles of purified dimeric bovine ATP synthase by cryo-electron microscopy, we have shown that the angle between the central rotatory axes of the monomeric complexes varies between ca. 76 and 95°. These particles represent active dimeric ATP synthase. Some angular variations arise directly from the catalytic mechanism of the enzyme, and others are independent of catalysis. The monomer–monomer interaction is mediated mainly by j subunits attached to the surface of wedge-shaped protein-lipid structures in the membrane domain of the complex, and the angular variation arises from rotational and translational changes in this interaction, and combinations of both. The structures also suggest how the dimeric ATP synthases might be interacting with each other to form the characteristic rows along the tips of the cristae via other interwedge contacts, molding themselves to the range of oligomeric arrangements observed by tomography of mitochondrial membranes, and at the same time allowing the ATP synthase to operate under the range of physiological conditions that influence the structure of the cristae.

A Dual-Channel Aerosol Optical Depth Retrieval Algorithm Incorporating the BRDF Effect from AVHRR over Eastern Asia

A NOAA/AVHRR dual-channel method over land is proposed to simultaneously retrieve aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 0.55 μm, and surface reflectance at 0.63 and 0.85 μm. Compared with previous well-established one-channel retrieval algorithms, this algorithm takes advantage of the surface reflectance ratio between 0.63 and 0.85 μm in an attempt to account for the effect induced by the surface bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF). This effect cannot be negligible due to the orbit drift and phasing running of NOAA satellites, both of which potentially cause large solar angular variation. Meanwhile, the observation posture change of AVHRR would cause large sensor angular variation in time series measurements. The used surface reflectance ratio based on dual channels at 0.63 and 0.85 μm is found more reasonable to be assumed as unchanged during a certain period of time, compared to the traditional ratio when addressing the BRDF issue. AOD retrievals have been carried out over Eastern Asia. Validation against aerosol robotic network (AERONET) measurements shows that up to 83% of AOD validation collocations are within error lines (±0.15 ± 0.15τ, τ is AOD) with an R of 0.88 and an root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.15. The dual-channel algorithm taking into account the surface BRDF effect is proved outperforming the conventional 0.63 μm-channel method. It indicates that our algorithm has the potential to be applied to the retrieval of long series of AOD, especially to the AOD retrieval of the sensors which lack a shortwave infrared channel required in the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) dark target AOD algorithm.

Spintronic memristor for neuromorphic circuits based on the angular variation of tunnel magnetoresistance

In this study, a new type of magnetic memristor is demonstrated. It is based on the variation of the conductivity of a nano-sized magnetic tunnel junction as a function of...

Collisional excitation of C+(2P) spin-orbit levels by molecular hydrogen revisited

ABSTRACT Relaxation of the spin-orbit excited C+(2P3/2) ion by collisions with H2 is an important process in the interstellar medium. Previous calculations of rate coefficients for this process employed potential energies computed for only collinear and perpendicular approach of H2 to the ion. To capture the full angular dependence of the C+–H2 interaction, the angular variation of the potential has been obtained by quantum chemical calculations in this work. These data were used to compute rate coefficients for the de-excitation of the C+(2P3/2) level in collisions with H2 in its j = 0, 1, and 2 rotational levels. With the assumption that the para-H2 rotational levels are in Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium (LTE), rate coefficients were then calculated for de-excitation by para- and ortho-H2 for temperature ranging from 5 to 500 K. The rate coefficient for de-excitation by para-H2 is ca. 10 per cent higher at temperatures near 100 K but 10 per cent lower at temperatures greater than 300 K than the previous best calculation. By contrast, the de-excitation rate coefficient for ortho-H2 is 15 per cent higher at low temperatures but approximately equal as compared with the previous best calculation. The impact of these new rate coefficients is briefly tested in radiative transfer calculations.

Investigations on the g factors and local structure for the trigonal Ce3+ center in YAl3(BO3)4 crystal

The perturbation formulae of the EPR gyromagnetic factors g// and g⊥ for the lowest Kramers doublet of a 4f1 ion in trigonal symmetry are established. By using the above perturbation formulae, the anisotropic g factors and the local structure for the trigonal Ce3+ center in YAl3(BO3)4 crystal are theoretically studied. From the studies, this center is attributed to the impurity Ce3+ occupying the trigonal prism Y3+ site in YAl3(BO3)4. The Ce3+–O2− bond is found to undergo an angular variation Δθ(≈ 1.72°) related to the C3 axis. The calculated g factors based on the above impurity angular distortion display consistence with the measured results. The anisotropic g factors and the trigonal distortion of the Ce3+ center are analyzed with respect to the host Y3+ site in YAl3(BO3)4.

Impact Energy and Angular Dependence of L X-ray Emission from a Thick Polycrystalline Tungsten Element Induced by 15–25 keV Electrons

The impact energy and angular dependence of L X-rays of a thick polycrystalline tungsten (W; atomic number, Z = 74) target induced by 15–25 keV electrons has been measured at different angles varying from 15° to 75° at intervals of 5° using a Si PIN photodiode detector. The variation of measured relative intensity of Ll, Lα, Lβ and Lγ characteristic lines as a function of incidence angle is found to be anisotropic and the measured variation compares well with the PENELOPE simulation results. The angular variation of intensity ratio of Ll/Lα and Lβ/Lα shows anisotropic distribution, whereas the angular variation of the Lγ/Lα ratio exhibits almost isotropic distribution within the uncertainty of measurements. These measured ratios are found to be in good agreement with Monte Carlo (MC) calculations. The measured intensity ratios of Lβ/Lα and Lγ/Lα at a given incidence angle show a linear dependence with impact energy and exhibit good agreement with simulation results; however, the measured intensity ratio of Ll/Lα shows a non-linear variation with the impact energy and yields poor agreement with theoretical calculations.