Status of Women-entrepreneur in Indian Startups

Entrepreneurship refers to the process of creating wealth for the society with the entrepreneurial capability not only for the entrepreneur but also for the societal, government, and economy of nation cause by availing the opportunities in a fast-shifting social, political, legal and economic environment. The increasing rate of Start-ups has been registered over a couple of years and in maximum start-ups founders are male. Female entrepreneur is now initiating and performing at the digital platform. Females increasing number of enrolment in schools and higher education has contributed to innovative products and niche market. Women play a vital role in every sphere of life in the family and in building society as well. As far as an entrepreneur is concern there is insignificant participation of women entrepreneurs. In the 21st century, as women empowerment has become the main focus of discussion, the government and societies have identified the potentially women’s participation and their importance but still while creating policies women entrepreneur is ignored. The participation of women is necessary for socio-economic progress and for the large interest of any Nation. Strategy makers must understand the prerequisite for women entrepreneurs and avenues for women’s economic independence. The Government of India has defined women entrepreneurs as “An enterprise owned and controlled by women having a minimum financial interest of 51 per cent of the capital and giving at least 51 per cent of the employment generated in the enterprise to women. Women Entrepreneur is a person who accepts a challenging role to meet her personal needs and become economically independent.” This study analyses their current status causes that have provoked them to set free their entrepreneurial abilities into start-ups. The study will facilitate in understanding the women-entrepreneurship to researchers, policy-makers, educators and practitioners help them to foster a favourable conducive ecosystem for women-entrepreneur. This research study is based on secondary data where drawbacks in entrepreneurial policy are highlighted and some recommendations are given to promote the healthy growth of women entrepreneurs. As per scheme guidelines, in Entrepreneurship Awareness Programme(EAP) and Entrepreneurship Skill Development Programme (ESDP) there should be overall 40% women participation. This paper tries to analyze the participation of women startups in economic development and to identify various factors responsible for higher numbers of womenstartups. The causes of low female-start-up participation are difficult in access to finance and networks, responsibilities towards family and child-care, low level of confidence in business in women’s skills. This research paper tries to recommend some measures that can assist women’s entrepreneurial empowerment. This study also gives an insight into opportunity and prospect for female-entrepreneur and analyse start-up scheme of government to empower women entrepreneurs and the challenges they face.

EEG Controlled Exoskeleton

A physically paralyzed person is doomed to stay on a chair or the bed making him completely at mercy of a helper. To help these patients this device uses a Brain Computer Interface (BCI). A brain-computer interface (BCI) is a computer-based system that acquires brain signals, analyses them, and translates them into commands that are relayed to an output device to carry out a desired action. In principle, any type of brain signal could be used to control a BCI system. This device is an Exoskeleton made of steel/iron that will be attached the Patient who is Physically Paralyzed. An exoskeleton is the external skeleton that supports and protects an animal's body, in contrast to the internal skeleton (endoskeleton) of, for example, a human. It will give support to the Patient while standing up so that he/she doesn’t fall down. The Brainwaves being read by the EEG will be fed to a neural networking model coded using Google’s Tensor Flow which will create a model with a high enough accuracy to understand the intentions of the patient i.e. whether to stand up or not and the direction of movement. The Real-time data will be given to the existing model and the motors of the exoskeleton will move accordingly.

Leakage Reduction Methodology in CMOS for the Design of 1-Bit Full Adder

This paper presents low leakage and high speed 1-bit full adder projected with low threshold NMOS transistors in associations with universal logic gates which leads to have reduced power and delay. The customized NAND and NOR gates, a necessary blocks, are presented to design a proposed adder cell. The simulations for the designed circuits performed in cadence virtuoso tool with 65 nm CMOS technology at a supply voltage of 1 Volts. The proposed universal gates and 1-bit adder cell is compared with conventional NAND/NOR gates and 1-bit adder. The proposed adder schemes with modified universal logic gates achieve significant saving in terms of delay which are more than 24% and which is at the cost of 5% when compared with conventional designs.

Estimation of Leakage Power and Delay in CMOS Circuits

This paper presents an estimation of leakage power and delay for 1-bit Full Adder (FA)designed which is based on Leakage Control Transistor (LCT) NAND gates as basic building block. The main objective is to design low leakage full adder circuit with the help of low and high threshold transistors. The simulations for the designed circuits performed in cadence virtuoso tool with 45 nm CMOS technology at a supply voltage of 0.9 Volts. Further, analysis of effect of parametric variation on leakage current and propagation delay in CMOS circuits is performed. The saving in leakage power dissipation for LCT NAND_HVT gate is up to 72.33% and 45.64% when compared to basic NAND and LCT NAND gate. Similarly for 1-bit full adder the saving is up to 90.9% and 40.08% when compared to basic NAND FA and LCT NAND.

Application of Non-Linear Programming to Portfolio Management on some Insurance Companies (AIICO,LINKAGE, NIGER, Mutual benefit and LASACO) using Return on Asset

This study investigate non-linear programming problem that is, quadratic programming and its application to portfolio management. The data of return on asset of five different insurance companies namely: AIICO, LINKAGE, NIGER, MUTUAL BENEFIT, and LASACO insurance company was collected and a model was fixed. These data were analyzed using quadratic programming in conjunction with LINGO software. The result of the analyzed data revealed that the allocation of fund for each insurance companies should be done with the same percent for LINKAGE, NIGER, MUTUAL BENEFIT and other percent to AIICO insurance company respectively with increment of 24% on return.

Low Power and Area Efficient 4-2 Compressor for Signal Processing Applications

In this paper, two performance metrics power and delay are estimated for various XOR-XNOR circuits and Multiplexer for designing 4-2 compressor. The main objective is to design an energy efficient compressor for computing applications in FIR filter. The simulations for the designed circuits performed in cadence virtuoso tool with 45 nm CMOS technology at a supply voltage of 0.9 Volts. The proposed 4-2 compressors consist of six blocks out of which two XOR-XNOR blocks and four MUX blocks. The average power, delay and energy consumed by the proposed compressor which is based on 5T XOR-XNOR and GDIMUX design is 85.72 nW, 62.53 pS and 5.36 aJ respectively

Smart Dust Bin for Waste Management

In recent decades Urbanization is increased tremendously. At the same phase there is an increase in waste production. These days managing the waste has become very important issue to be considered for keeping the city clean. The system is built on Arduino board which is connected with GSM modem and Ultrasonic sensor for waste management. The smart waste bin can be used to keep the city clean. The system is built such that it can measure the weight and amount waste in bin, also adapt with network environment, to manage all information from waste management to the municipality so that we can keep the city clean.