Role of Nanoparticles Synthesized from Bacteria as Antimicroorganism: A Review

Nanoparticles are one of the most important technologies of today and the future. This groundbreaking technology is considered a very significant domain among all the fields of science due to its tangible capacity in improving products, treating diseases, serving mankind in all spheres of life, and realizing future scientific revolutions in the fields of physics, chemistry, biology, engineering, and other sciences. Therefore, it is truly necessary to take advantage of the distinct properties of nanomaterials. Hence, synthesized nanoparticles have been shown to be enjoying anti-proliferating antioxidant, anti-migration, antioagulant and anti-cancer antipathogenic characteristics in the laboratory. Accordingly, this study came to prominence in this field. The biochemical equipment used in nanoparticle bacterial biosynthesis was subsequently proven. Many of these biochemical types of equipment have been used as part of a cellular detoxification resistance mechanism that involves altering inorganic ions solubility by reducing and/or precipitating soluble toxic to insoluble non-toxic nanostructures. Microorganisms, such as bacteria, are used as an environmentally responsible strategy, and an alternative in the method of chemical agents when nanoparticles are synthesized. Extracellular as well as intracellular biocatalytic (including possible excretion) synthesis involves mainly oxidreductase enzymes like NADH dependent reductase nitrate NADPH, NADPH sulphite reductase alfa (NADPH dependent on sulfite reductase) and cells.

Systematic Review of Internet of Nano Things (IoNT) Technology: Taxonomy, Architecture, Open Challenges, Motivation and Recommendations

Internet of nano things (IoNT) is a new and modern part of the internet of things (IoT). Applications that operate in the field of nano scale show a new advantage in communication networks. IoNT opened the door to many applications in various fields with new features derived from the advantages of nanotechnology. In this work, a description of the IoNT during 2015-2021 was achieved, including taxonomy, architecture, motives, applications and challenges, in addition to recommendations. The architecture of the IoNT and the most important technologies used in Nano communication networks have been identified, with an indication of the advantages of each. This study, we hope, will make a contribution to this field of science, thus contributing to providing assistance to researchers in this emerging field and covering the challenges they face in this way. That would permit communication between nano-devices to be conventional, making these calibrations to be implemented in various IoNT applications. Until the IoNT system is designed without any problems in the near future, which if achieved, will provide great services, especially in medical applications and other applications.

Cloud Point Extraction with Liquid Ion Exchange for Separation and Determination Magnesium (II) as anion

Liquid Ion Exchange joined with Cloud point extraction methodology was used for the separation of Magnesium (II) from aqueous and determine whereas 10 mL aqueous solution that contains 50 µg Mg2+ ion is complex with 1×10-3M 8-Hydroxy quinoline (8-HQ) at a suitable basic medium it well give higher extraction efficiency at optimum conditions, needs heating the aqueous solution in suitable temperature degree for enough time to form a cloud point layer (CPL). Therefore, the optimum conditions that yielded the good CPL have a small aggregation volume which is appropriate for continuing the ion pair association Complex between Magnesium ion and 8-Hydroxy quinoline.

All-Optical Universal Logic Gates at Nano-scale Dimensions

Though photonics displays an attractive solution to the speed limitation of electronics, decreasing the size of photonic devices is one of the major problems with implementing photonic integrated circuits that are regarded the challenges to produce all-optical computers. Plasmonic can solve these problems, it be a potential solution to fill the gaps in the electronics (large bandwidth and ultra-high speed) and photonics (diffraction limit due to miniaturization size). In this paper, Nano-rings Insulator-Metal-Insulator (IMI) plasmonic waveguides has been used to propose, design, simulate, and perform all-optical universal logic gates (NOR and NAND gates). By using Finite Element Method (FEM), the structure of the proposed plasmonic universal logic gates are designed and numerically simulated by two dimensions (2-D) structure. Silver and Glass materials were chosen to construct proposed structure. The function of the proposed plasmonic NOR and NAND logic gates was achieved by destructive and constructive interferences principle. The performance of the proposed device is measured by three criteria; the transmission, extension ratio, and modulation depth. Numerical simulations show that a transmission threshold (0.3) which allows achieving the proposed plasmonic universal logic gates in one structure at 1550 nm operating wavelength. The properties of this devise was as follows: The transmission exceeds 100% in one state of NAND gate, medium values of Extension Ratio, very high MD values, and very small foot print. In the future, this device will be the access to the nanophotonic integrated circuits and it has regarded fundamental building blocks for all-optical computers.

Arrangement Of Silver Nanostructures on Permeable Silicon and Examination of Their Optical Properties

Considers of nanostructures created beneath different modes of submersion testimony of silver on permeable silicon (PS) for their utility as dynamic substrates in monster Raman spectroscopy (SRS) are displayed. PS was shaped by anodizing monocrystalline silicon in an aqueous-alcoholic arrangement of hydrofluoric corrosive. The reflection spectra of the gotten silver nanostructures on PC have been examined. It is uncovered that to form ideal conditions for SERS spectroscopy utilizing silver nanostructures on PC, it is vital to utilize an energizing laser with a wavelength of 400–450 nm.

(Au, Ag)/Al0.08In0.08Ga0.84N/ (Au, Ag) Metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) Photodetectors

Metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetectors (PDs) based on gold and silver (Au, Ag)/Al0.08In0.08Ga0.84N (commercial sample)/ (Au, Ag) have been fabricated and characterized. The effect of annealing temperature of As deposit, 400, 500, and 600 0C for 30 min on the topography and electrical properties of Au contact on Al0.08In0.08Ga0.84N thin film have been characterized and optimized using Current-Voltage (I-V) characteristic. Schottky barrier height (SBH) and ideality factor (n) of Au/ Al0.08In0.08Ga0.84N interface were 1.223 eV and 1.773 at 50 0C annealing temperature for 30 min respectively, and it is found that contact has a high-quality surface. Also, with the same procedure, the effect of annealing time of 15, 30, 45 minutes, and 1 hour have been studied and optimized. The results revealed that the best annealing time is 30 min which has the highest SBH. Au contact compared with Ag contact used to first time as best our knowledge with the optimal condition to select the best metal for MSM photodetectors (PDs). The ideal characterization of Au, Ag/AlInGaN/Au, Ag MSMPDs on Si substrate depend on responsivities of 0.201 and 0.153 A W-1, quantum efficiencies of 71% and 57%, and NEPs of 3.55×10-4 and 1.45×10-3W-1, respectively have been also studied compared. The height SBH and QE for the samples grown on Si was at Au contact which proposed to use in such optoelectronic devices.

Controlling the Tube Diameter of SWCNTs Using High Melting Point Promotors

A particular control of the diameter of Single Walled-Carbon Nanotube (SWCNT) using Chemical vapor Deposition (CVD) system will enable many promising applications in different fields. Here we demonstrate the growth of SWCNT with good control of diameter (1.5 nm ± 0.7) using a high melting temperature metal (Ru) as a catalyst promotor with the main catalyst Co at 850˚C via CVD. We hypothesis that using high melting temperature metal as a promotor, like Ru can limit the mobility/change in the shape of the formed metal nanoparticles and eventually decrease the effects of Ostwald ripening (OR). FTS-GP is used as a carbon precursor. The results have been verified by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and multi-excitation Raman.

Effect of Nano-coating on Molten Salts for Turbine Blades

The purpose of this study is to optimize hot corroded pack coated Ni-based superalloy K417G using grey relational analysis. Optimization of the pack cementation parameters was performed using quality characteristics of diffusion coatings for pack cementation process, i.e., salt activator, Nano-powders master alloy powder, and wt.% Y2O3. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for observing the most influencing pack cementation parameters on the quality characteristics, i.e., Na2So4-6% wt. V2O5 (kp1), 100 wt% NaSO4 (kp2), and 75 wt. % NaSO4-25 wt % NaCl (kp3). The optimal process parameters were calculated using a grey relation grade and a confirmation test was performed. Based on the analysis of variance results, the wt.% Y2O3 is the most significant controllable diffusion coating factor for the hot corroded pack coated K417G at optimum setting conditions (A2, B3, C3) i.e., activator (NaCl), master alloy (94Cr-6Al), and wt.%Y2O3 (4%). according to the quality characteristics. Grey relational analysis was successfully applied to the optimization of hot corroded pack coated K417G using multi-performance characteristics.

Optical and Structural Properties of CdS Quantum Dots Synthesized Using (MW-CBD) Technique

In the present study, the microwave heating method was used to prepare cadmium sulfide quantum dots CdSQDs films. CdS nanoparticles size average obtained as (7nm). The morphology, structure and composition of prepared CdSQDs were examined using (FE-SEM), (XRD) and (EDX). Optical properties of CdSQDs thin films formed and deposited onto glass substrates have been studied at room temperature using UV/ Visible spectrophotometer within the wavelength of (300-800nm), and Photoluminescence (PL) spectrum. The optical energy gap (Eg) which estimated using Tauc relation was equal (2.6eV). Prepared CdS nanoparticles thin films are free from cracks, pinholes and have high adhesion to substrate.

Dityrosine Crossed-linked Amyloid-like Fibrils as Bionanomaterials

Bionanomaterials have great potential for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Recently, amyloid-like fibrils have been used in bionanomaterials preparation due to their stability and biocompatibility. Covalent dityrosine bond formation has been identified as a useful tool in the design of such bionanomaterials. In this study, two short amyloidogenic peptides containing tyrosine residues with the amino acid sequence HYFNIF and VIYKI, were used as a model system to investigate the effect of oxidation and their ability to form dityrosine cross-links. Using a range of biophysical techniques, we showed that both HYFNIF and VIYKI form dityrosine cross-linked fibrils using copper-catalysis, and phosphate buffer is more efficient in dityrosine formation. Dityrosine forms more rapidly in VIYKI fibrils compared to HYFNIF due to the fibrillar architecture. Dityrosine cross-linked HYFNIF and VIYKI fibrils could be useful to prepare bionanomaterials.