scholarly journals LOGIC OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-32
Author(s):  
E. Larina
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Research ◽  
Research Process ◽  
General Description ◽  
Universal Logic ◽  
Field Of Study

The article provides a general description of the features of scientific research. It is noted that the research process must obey certain construction rules, i.e. logic. The article reveals the features of the main stages that a researcher goes through in the process of cognizing a particular phenomenon, process. The author agrees with the opinion of scientists that there is no universal logic of research, since each field of study is unique. A list of those components is put forward, without which the logic of research cannot exist.

scholarly journals SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF UNIVERSITY MANAGEMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 47-57
Author(s):  
Jorge Daher Nader ◽  
Amelia Patricia Panunzio ◽  
Marlene Hernández Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Research ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Research Management ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Research Practice ◽  
University Management ◽  
Practice Of Teaching ◽  
Low Motivation

Research management is conceptualized as the institutional activity oriented to the search, study, knowledge of reality, systematization of this knowledge and its transfer to satisfy needs and contribute to solving the problems of society. The results obtained in this article about scientific research, seem to be common to the scope of this research; What is clear is that the low motivation of teachers for research constitutes a common denominator in the universities of Ecuador, which, in the opinion of the author, can be increased if the management of the research process favors the institutional, administrative, curricular conditions that articulate the practice of teaching with research practice.

scholarly journals Frauds in scientific research and how to possibly overcome them

2020 ◽  
pp. medethics-2020-106639
Author(s):  
Erik Boetto ◽  
Davide Golinelli ◽  
Gherardo Carullo ◽  
Maria Pia Fantini
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Past History ◽  
Current System ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Trust System ◽  
History Of ◽  
Journal Policies

Frauds and misconduct have been common in the history of science. Recent events connected to the COVID-19 pandemic have highlighted how the risks and consequences of this are no longer acceptable. Two papers, addressing the treatment of COVID-19, have been published in two of the most prestigious medical journals; the authors declared to have analysed electronic health records from a private corporation, which apparently collected data of tens of thousands of patients, coming from hundreds of hospitals. Both papers have been retracted a few weeks later. When such events happen, the confidence of the population in scientific research is likely to be weakened. This paper highlights how the current system endangers the reliability of scientific research, and the very foundations of the trust system on which modern healthcare is based. Having shed light on the dangers of a system without appropriate monitoring, the proposed analysis suggests to strengthen the existing journal policies and improve the research process using new technologies supporting control activities by public authorities. Among these solutions, we mention the promising aspects of the blockchain technology which seems a promising solution to avoid the repetition of the mistakes linked to the recent and past history of research.

USE OF COPYRIGHT PROTECTED WORKS IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 607
Author(s):  
Liene Vindele ◽  
Renāte Cāne
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Copyright Protection ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Legal Norms

Copyright is one of the intellectual property rights whose main activity is to promote creativity and protect the ownership of the author. However, these rights are not absolute and are subject to certain restrictions.In the Berne Convention, Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights and also WIPO Copyright Treaty embodied so-called “three-step test” allowing exceptions to copyright protection. They state that exceptions to copyright protection are admissible only in specific cases; if they comply with the rules of normal exploitation of the author's work; and do not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate rights of the author.While respecting the restrictions contained in international conventions, the Latvian Copyright Law also lays down various restrictions, when the author's work can be used without a special permit for the use of the author's work or for free, such as in the educational or research process. The free use of copyright-protected materials constitutes a restriction on the economic rights of copyright holders. These restrictions aim to strike a balance between the rights of the author and the interests of the public. Although copyright-protected works can be used in education almost everywhere in the world, restrictions on the exercise of these rights have not been clearly established.The aim of this paper is to research limits use of copyright-protected works in the educational process. Basis for this analysis will be the international and national legal framework about copyright exceptions in educational process.In the development of the research used an analytical method of scientific research, as well as a method of interpreting grammatical, teleological and historical legal norms. For the conclusions used inductive and deductive method of scientific research. 

scholarly journals Opportunities and challenges when using record linkage of routinely collected electronic health care data to evaluate outcomes of systemic anti-cancer treatment in clinical practice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Mueller ◽  
Jennifer Laskey ◽  
Kelly Baillie ◽  
Julie Clarke ◽  
Christine Crearie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Record Linkage ◽  
Electronic Record ◽  
Research Process ◽  
General Description ◽  
Health Care Data ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
Anti Cancer

Objectives: To discuss the opportunities and challenges when applying an electronic record linkage methodology with respect to systemic anti-cancer therapy, and to highlight some of the potential pitfalls spanning the entire breadth and depth of the research process. Design: Retrospective cohort studies using routinely collected, administrative health data. Setting: Scotland Results: Studies conducted to-date have indicated that record linkage of routinely collected data to determine outcomes of treatment with cancer medicines is feasible, albeit currently within certain limits. While the general description of patient populations and the calculation of median overall survival are well supported, prevailing issues with combining data across regional boundaries and the limited availability of some variables (including molecular pathology data and information regarding toxicities) may restrict the extent of analyses feasible. Conclusion: There is scope to conduct large cohort studies to generate results from clinical practice using linkage of routinely collected health care data within a reasonable time frame; however, close collaboration between researchers, data controllers, and clinicians is required in order to obtain valid and meaningful results.

scholarly journals Managing Hypothesis of Scientific Experiments with PhenoManager

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Ramos ◽  
Fabio Porto ◽  
Daniel De Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Method ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Scientific Workflow ◽  
Scientific Workflows ◽  
Scientific Experiment ◽  
Geographically Dispersed ◽  
Scientific Experiments ◽  
Scientific Project

Scientific research based on computer simulations is complex since it may involve managing the enormous volumes of data and metadata produced during the life cycle of a scientific experiment, from the formulation of hypotheses to its final evaluation. This wealth of data needs to be structured and managed in a way that makes sense to scientists so that relevant knowledge can be extracted to contribute to the scientific research process. In addition, when it comes to the scope of the scientific project as a whole, it may be associated with several different scientific experiments, which in turn may require executions of different scientific workflows, which makes the task rather arduous. All of this can become even more difficult if we consider that the project tasks must be associated with the execution of such simulations (which may take hours or even days), that the hypotheses of a phenomenon need validation and replication, and that the project team may be geographically dispersed. This article presents an approach called PhenoManager that aims at helping scientists managing their scientific projects and the cycle of the scientific method as a whole. PhenoManager can assist the scientist in structuring, validating, and reproducing hypotheses of a phenomenon through configurable computational models in the approach. For the evaluation of this article was used SciPhy, a scientific workflow in the field of bioinformatics, concluding that the proposed approach brings gains without considerable performance losses.

scholarly journals Urban health — What it is and Why We Should Care

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-26
Author(s):  
Tushar Sood ◽  
Bianca Mammarella
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Urban Health ◽  
Demographic Change ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Field Of Study ◽  
Multifaceted Approach ◽  
Public Health Epidemiology ◽  
Further Development

Urban health is a field of study that draws upon multiple disciplines including sociology, public health, epidemiology, and geography among others. This piece argues for the further development and prioritization of urban health as an area of research. This is discussed with respect to structural health inequalities, urbanization and urbanicity, and demographic change. Urban health is inherently complex and needs a multifaceted approach to tackle unique public health problems. This complexity, alongside its potential to inform emerging areas of scientific research such as neurourbanism, makes developing urban health of utmost priority. 

scholarly journals How Many Replicators Does It Take to Achieve Reliability? Investigating Researcher Variability in a Crowdsourced Replication

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nate Breznau ◽  
Eike Mark Rinke ◽  
Alexander Wuttke ◽  
Hung Hoang Viet Nguyen ◽  
Muna Adem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Original Study ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Qualitative Investigation ◽  
Social And Behavioral Science

The paper reports findings from a crowdsourced replication. Eighty-four replicator teams attempted to verify results reported in an original study by running the same models with the same data. The replication involved an experimental condition. A “transparent” group received the original study and code, and an “opaque” group received the same underlying study but with only a methods section and description of the regression coefficients without size or significance, and no code. The transparent group mostly verified the original study (95.5%), while the opaque group had less success (89.4%). Qualitative investigation of the replicators’ workflows reveals many causes of non-verification. Two categories of these causes are hypothesized, routine and non-routine. After correcting non-routine errors in the research process to ensure that the results reflect a level of quality that should be present in ‘real-world’ research, the rate of verification was 96.1% in the transparent group and 92.4% in the opaque group. Two conclusions follow: (1) Although high, the verification rate suggests that it would take a minimum of three replicators per study to achieve replication reliability of at least 95% confidence assuming ecological validity in this controlled setting, and (2) like any type of scientific research, replication is prone to errors that derive from routine and undeliberate actions in the research process. The latter suggests that idiosyncratic researcher variability might provide a key to understanding part of the “reliability crisis” in social and behavioral science and is a reminder of the importance of transparent and well documented workflows.

scholarly journals Informed Consent in Social Sciences Research: Ethical Challenges

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Miguel Ferreira ◽  
Sandro Serpa
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Ethical Dimension ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Research Practices ◽  
Informed Consent Procedure ◽  
Consent Procedure

Informed consent is a critical procedure for the fulfilment of the ethical dimension in scientific research in social sciences. On the basis of a stance centred in Sociology research practices developed by the authors, this paper reflects on informed consent, its relevance in research, and procedures involved in its production and its concomitant implications. The reflection on the research process is stressed, emphasising the need to not consider the informed consent procedure as something that is fulfilled only once, but rather as something that integrates both the research process and its product and that, therefore, should be continuously considered and assessed throughout research.

scholarly journals Future pedagogue’s sociо-professional maturity formation in scientific research activity

2021 ◽  
pp. 205-211
Author(s):  
Serhii Danylov
Keyword(s):  
Professional Growth ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
The Future ◽  
Pedagogical Research ◽  
Scientific Research Activity

Scientific research activity is an essential component of the professional activities of a higher education pedagogue. Exploring the world around, future pedagogues not only organize their knowledge about pedagogy and the profession but also form a pedagogical style, professional and personal worldview. Students' scientific research activity is an important form of professional training, characterized by meaningful and organizational diversity, involves the formation of future pedagogues' knowledge and ability to use it in practice;  the methods of scientific and pedagogical research, development of abilities to the analysis, synthesis, generalization of information obtained from literature sources and in the process of studying pedagogical process. Students' scientific research activities contribute to the development of professionalism of future lecturers of pedagogy, in particular skills and experience of carrying out scientific research activities. The methods we have used in the research process included, in particular, observation, expert evaluation, modelling and forecasting. The level of professionalism of the future lecturer of pedagogy is determined in particular by the development of one’s abilities and skills to organize scientific research activities. The scientific research activity itself is an important condition for the professional growth of the future pedagogue-professional. Scientific research activities of the future pedagogue involve one’s participation in the study of a particular pedagogical situation, observation of a particular pedagogical process, the study of students’ personality development. The generalized result of such activity is the work of the future pedagogue on the implementation of qualification work, which involves advanced study of theoretical aspects, systematization of previously acquired knowledge and supplementing them in the process of practical solution of a defined problem. Here the skills of research organization, organization of the experiment and independent activity are realized.

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