THE BOOK OF SOCHNY WRITING AS A HISTORICAL SOURCE

Книга сошного письма является важным источником при изучении писцового делопроизводства. Сохранившиеся редакции памятника до настоящего времени не стали объектом систематического исследования. При подготовке данной работы, были исследованы 22 списка книги сошного письма. Изученные рукописи позволяют выделить две полных редакции памятника. Текст книги сошного письма в первой редакции выявлен в 4-х списках, относящихся к середине XVII в. Вторая редакция книги сошного письма сохранилась в 6 списках первой половины XVIII в. 12 списков являются сокращенными редакциями документа, отличающимися друг от друга. Анализ комплекса списков книги сошного письма показывает, что первая редакции текста содержит элементы протографа, составленного в 1588-1610 гг. К правлению царя Михаила Фёдоровича следует отнести дополнения в тексте, касающиеся разверстки живущей четверти. Текст первой редакции сохранял много разделов, устаревших к середине XVII в. После налоговой реформы 1679 г. текст был переработан, вторая редакция книги сошного письма являлась официальным руководством по землемерию до середины XVIII в. The book of soshny writing is an important source in the study of scribal clerical work. The surviving versions of the text have not been become the object of systematic research yet. During the preparation of this work 22 copies of the book of soshny writing were examined. The studied manuscripts are allowed to distinguish two complete versions of the written artifact. The first edition of the book of the soshny writing is revealed in 4 copies belonging to the middle of the XVII century. The second edition of the book of soshny writing is preserved in 6 copies of the first half of the XVIII century. 12 copies are shorten versions of the document. The analysis of copies of the book of soshny writing shows that the first version of the text contains elements of the protograph compiled in 1588-1610. To the reign of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich, it is necessary to include additions in the text concerning assessment of the living quarter. The text was revised after the tax reform of 1679. The second edition of the book of soshny writing was the official guide for land surveying until the middle of the XVIII century.

Application Research of Engineering Construction Standardisation in an Oilfield Development Adjusting Project in Bohai Sea

In order to improve the efficiency and economic benefits of oilfield development, the researchers applied the standardisation achievements of Bohai oilfield engineering construction in the preliminary research and basic design of an oilfield development adjusting project in Bohai Sea for the first time. The application research mainly contains the topside, jacket, living quarter and workover rig of the project. In which, the topside and jacket are researched based on the standardisation achievements of Eight-Legged Central Platform Type B, the living quarter applies the standardised 60 persons living quarter and the workover rig adopts the achievements of workover rig HJX180D. Meanwhile, some optimizations and adjustments are carried out according to the actual needs. Through the application research, the basic design of the new platform is basically consistent with the standardised platform, and some settings are optimized and adjusted. Then the comparison and differences of the settings are analyzed between the two platforms, and the improvement measures are proposed for better application of standardisation achievements. Through the full application research of the standardisation achievements of Bohai oilfield engineering construction, the project is conducive to the improvement of the efficiency and quality in management, research design, procurement and platform construction. As a result, it can save the construction period and cost, and improve the overall economic benefits of the oilfield development. Through the application of the standardised drawings and documents of the standardised topside, jacket, living quarter, workover rig and main equipment, the design period is shortened by 3 months comparing with the conventional period. Moreover, the standardised design of the main structural materials and equipment not only can save the procurement time and reduce cost, but also can facilitate the process management of the equipment and materials. Therefore, the economic benefits of the oilfield are effectively improved, which can provide strong support for the smooth production of the oilfield. The experience accumulated in the application research of standardisation achievements in this project can provide some reference value for the promotion and application of similar projects in the future.

A case from India of pleural malignant mesothelioma probably due to domestic and environmental asbestos exposure: a posthumous report

India is the largest consumer of asbestos in the world. There is no report from India of mesothelioma related to asbestos. The case is a 42-year-old man who died of pleural mesothelioma. He was exposed to asbestos domestically and from the environment since birth. Two of his close family members worked in a factory that used asbestos. The living quarter of the family was within the premises of the factory. Asbestos waste was strewn on the grounds surrounding the quarters. After decades of legal battles by workers and families exposed to asbestos, Indian courts have ordered remedial measures and compensation to people, who are exposed to asbestos at work and the environment. Mesothelioma, currently in epidemic proportions in the west where asbestos production was banned in the 1990s, could rise to alarming levels in the next decades in India if the legal remedial measures are not implemented soon.

The North-East living quarter of the medieval pilgrim centre in Banganarti. Archaeological research in 2015 and 2016

Two seasons of fieldwork in the northeastern part of Banganarti site brought significant data on its stratification, as well as the architecture of medieval dwellings. This paper presents a summary of the results. Special attention was focused on the layout of the buildings and on vault usage. Remarks concern the functionality of the explored space, based on an interpretation of the stratigraphy. Evidence of strong water erosion in the early stages of the settlement is also discussed.

Adaptative strategy to mitigate impacts of repetitive flooding of residents in Thailand's Ayutthaya province

This research investigates the socio-economic, behavioral, and psychological consequences of repetitive flooding on the residents of Ayutthaya's four flood-prone districts. The study also examines the individual-level adaptative strategies adopted by the local residents to coexist with the flooding. The findings revealed several challenges encountered by the flooded households. In addition, most of the respondents expressed a preference to live out the floods in their residences rather than relocating to a makeshift shelter. The ability to live through the floods was largely attributable to the architecture of their residences whereby the houses are raised a few meters above the ground with the living quarter on the upper level, which is the most prominent adaptative strategy. Other adaptative strategies included, e.g., the ownership of a flat-bottom boat and pre-flood stocking-up on basic necessities. Furthermore, in light of the residents’ preference to live out the repetitive flooding, this research also proposes a simple means to enhance the effectiveness of the localized flood relief efforts.