A STUDY OF LITERATURE: CRYPTOCURRENCY OF SYARIAH PERSPECTIVE

Cryptocurrency is a digital or virtual currency, which does not have a physical form like fiat money. This crypto currency can only be used through devices such as PCs, laptops, smartphones and other devices that are connected to the internet. There are several advantages in a crypto system that uses blockchain system, such as transaction security, convenience, speed and can be used across countries and continents, however cryptocurrency which is currently circulating also still have weaknesses, including there is no supervisory authority, even many countries have disagreements over the legality of this cryptocurrency. The debate about the pros and cons regarding to the use of cryptocurrency becomes dynamics among the experts including the scholars who have study from Islamic point of view. This research aims to examine the dynamics of using cryptocurrency from ushul fiqh point of view, where the methods which used in this research are al-qur'an, al-Hadith, Qiyas and Sad-Adzariyah. Basically the use of cryptocurrency is allowed to meet cetain conditions that is by removing batil elements as in Quran surah An-Nisa verse 29, those batil elements are gharar and mayshir. Moreover, cryptocurrency must also have clear legality in a country for security in their use.

FINANCIAL POLICY STRATEGY IN INCREASING ECONOMIC VALUE ADDED ON MSMES IN MEDAN CITY

The global Covid-19 pandemic certainly has an impact on various sectors, especially in the economic sector and of course also has a significant impact on tourism, the trade sector, industry including Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia. Creative products have great potential to be able to deliver the city that has the industry into an advanced and independent creative economy city. The use of information technology for business resource management for creative products is still under-attentioned, which in turn has administrative, financial, process, and access to banking and financial institutions weaknesses. This study aims to formulate a strategy to increase added value for the MSME sector of North Sumatra Province, namely the Economic Value-Added method and implement efforts to cooperate with the Indonesia Stock Exchange through the mechanism of acceleration boards and Initial Public Offering (IPO) to obtain long-term financing facilities and introduce MSME business unit to the wider community into a medium-class public company. This scientific research also aims to provide recommendations for sustainable strategies for the MSME sector, especially in the province of North Sumatra in running a business amidst the Covid-19 pandemic. This type of research is qualitative research using a mix method by conducting interviews with the target population, namely 200 Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises spread in North Sumatra Province and formulating a model for increasing MSME productivity with the introduction of the acceleration board method and collaborating with the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the coaching process. In this study, a focus group discussion will be held by inviting local officials from related offices of North Sumatra province and academics to provide input in completing the strategy development model for increasing MSME productivity by focusing on the Economic value-added method. The outputs of this research are publications of reputable international journals, international proceedings, and reference books for ISBN certified research results with TKT level 3.

STRUCTURE, BEHAVIOR, AND MARKET PERFORMANCE ON MARKETING OF PATCHIE OIL IN BUKUT VILLAGE, TERANGUN DISTRICT GAYO LUES DISTRICT

Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth) is an essential oil-producing plant which is a source of foreign exchange for the country. Indonesia is currently the world's producer of patchouli oil with a contribution of 90%, for that it is necessary to maintain market opportunities by increasing production through appropriate cultivation techniques, improving the quality of patchouli oil and developing patchouli plantings in areas that have bright prospects seen from the level of suitability. land and climate.The purpose of this study was to determine market structure, market behavior (various forms of collusion) and market appearances that occurred in the marketing of nimal oil in Bukut Village, Terangun District, Gayo Lues Regency. The data used are primary data and secondary data, for market participants, snowball sampling is used. The method used to analyze the market structure is Concentration Ratio analysis tools (Market Share, Herfindal Index and Concentration Ratio for Biggest Four or ), Degree of Product Differentiation, Barriers to Market Entry and Level of Market Knowledge. To analyze Market Behavior, it is descriptively analyzed about collusion and strategies that occur. To analyze the Market Performance used the analysis tools of Marketing Margin, Share Price, and Cost and Profit Ratio.〖CR〗_4.Market share at the collector levelthere is an oligopoly marketing system for patchouli oil with loose concentration. The concentration of buyers in marketing patchouli oil in Bukut village, both collectors, village collectors, and representative warehouses/ wholesalers is oligopsony. The marketing structure of Patchouli Oil in Gayo Lues, at the level of collector traders is a loose oligopoly with a CR4 value of 0.5421, at the level of a village collector it is a tight oligopoly with a CR4 value of 0.8855, while at the warehouse representative/ wholesaler level it is a tight oligopoly with a CR value, reaching 1.00. should have a value of 1.00 is a monopoly, but because there are still three competing companies, it is categorized as a strict oligopoly.

ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENCES IN TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP BETWEEN GENERATIONS X AND Y AND THE EFFECT ON POWER PLANT COMPANY PERFORMANCE

This study analyzes the differences in transformational leadership between generation X and generation Y and its effect on company performance in two power generation companies in North Sumatra Province. The number of samples was 50 people in each group of generations X and Y. Data analysis using SPSS included F-test, T-test, the coefficient of determination, and independent sample T-test. The F-test shows that charismatic variables, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individual considerations simultaneously affect the performance of each group of generation X and generation Y. The results of the T-test in generation X show that the variables of inspirational motivation and individual considerations are partially has a positive and significant effect on company performance, meanwhile in generation Y only charismatic variables have a positive and significant influence on company performance. The results of the coefficient of determination said that the transformational leadership of generation X contributed 70.2% to the company performance, while the transformational leadership of the Y generation contributed 22.3% to the company performance. Independent sample T-test said that there was a significant difference between the transformational leadership of the generation X and generation Y.

MARKETING CHANNEL OF THE TILAPIA IN HARAU SUB DISTRICT

This study aims to analyze the flow of tilapia trade in Harau Regency and the function of the trading system carried out in marketing tilapia in Harau Regency. The research was conducted in Solok Bio-Bio Village, Harau Sub District, Lima Puluh Kota Regency. The research sample was tilapia cultivation farmers selected by random sampling and tilapia marketing channels in Solok Bio Bio Village, Harau Sub District, namely traders and retailers using the snowball sampling method. The results showed that there were three patterns of tilapia marketing channels in Harau Sub District, namely Channel 0: Farmers → Final consumers; Channel II: Farmers → Retailers → Final consumers; Channel III : Farmers → wholesalers → Retailer → Final Consumers. The trading functions carried out include the functions of selling, buying, grading, transporting, storing and facilitating.

CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, INSTITUSIONAL OWNERSHIP, FREE CASH FLOW AND INVESTMENT EFFICIENCY: EVIDENCE OF INDONESIAN AGRICULTURE FIRM

The purpose of this study is to examine the determinants of investment efficiency with focuses on corporate governance, ownership structure, audit committee and free cash flow as the main factor. The 17 firms of Agriculture sector were selected as the sample from 2007 to 2019, hence this study have an unbalance panel data with total of 178 observations. The listed firm of Agriculture sector still slightly compared to others sectors in Indonesia Stock Exchange. Panel fixed effect model estimation was employed to test the relationship and hypotheses developed. The results show that board size has positive and significant effect on investment efficiency and contrary result to board of commissioners, it has negative insignificant. This indicates that large board size lead to increase the investment decision at optimal level. Moreover, the Audit committee and institutional ownership seem to have negative effect and significantly on investment efficiency. This means that when firms increase the number of audit committee and also the portion of share is owned by institution would lead to decrease investment efficiency. However, free cash flow have positive and significantly affect investment efficiency. This finding supports the expected hypothesis, which is increase the FCF lead to increase the investment efficiency and in this case, the managers act to maximize the firm value.

THE INFLUENCE OF CUSTOMER-CENTRIC STRATEGY TOWARD TOURIST SATISFACTION

This study aims to investigate the infleunce of customer centric marketing mix on satisfaction for tourists in context of Aceh. The Halal tourism destination such as Ujong Blang beach, Seumadu beach, Lancok beach, Pangah Beach, Waduk Jeulikat, Lhok Seulayang, Museum Geudong and Gunung Sala is the latest destination in North Aceh and Lhokseumawe, Indonesia. This destination currently very in great demand by the tourists. A survey questionnaire is used to conduct this study. A sample of 200 tourists participated in the study. The findings reveal the significant positive relationship of three marketing mix elements with tourists’ satisfaction for tourism services in the context of Aceh.

THE EFFECT OF TOTAL ASSET TURNOVER, NET PROFIT MARGIN, AND DEBT TO EQUITY RATIO ON PROFIT GROWTH IN AUTOMOTIVE COMPANIES LISTED IN INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE

This study aims to determine whether total asset turnover, net profit margin, and debt to equity ratio have an effect either partially or simultaneously on profit growth in automotive companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The approach used in this study is an associative approach. The population used in this study were 13 companies and a sample that met the criteria (purposive sampling) was 7 companies. Data collection techniques used in this study using documentation techniques and data sources used in this study are secondary data sources. The data analysis technique used in this study is a quantitative technique with multiple linear regression analysis, hypothesis testing and coefficient of determination test. Data management using SPSS (Statistical Package For The Social Sciences) version 20 for windows. The results of this study are partially total asset turnover has no effect on profit growth. Partially, net profit margin has no effect on profit growth. Partially the debt to equity ratio has an effect on profit growth. Simultaneously total asset turnover, net profit margin, and debt to equity affect profit growth in automotive companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2014-2018 period. Partially the debt to equity ratio has an effect on profit growth. Simultaneously total asset turnover, net profit margin, and debt to equity affect profit growth in automotive companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2014-2018 period. Partially the debt to equity ratio has an effect on profit growth. Simultaneously total asset turnover, net profit margin, and debt to equity affect profit growth in automotive companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2014-2018 period.

ANALYSIS OF DETERMINATION OF THE IMPLEMENTATION ACCRUAL-BASED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS IN LHOKSEUMAWE REGENCY

Implementation of Government Regulation Number 71 of 2010 concerning Government Accounting Standards brought changes in the presentation of government financial statements, which previously used cash-based accounting standards, to accrual-based accounting standards. Cash-based recognizes the recording of transactions and recognition occurs only when cash is out and cash in and does not record liabilities and assets at all. Accrual-based recording is believed to be able to produce financial reports that are more accurate and more reliable, comprehensive and relevant for decision making. In order to support the implementation of a good and competent accrual basis, supporting factors are needed such as human resources, organizational commitment, utilization of information and communication technology. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of human resources, organizational commitment, information and communication technology on the application of accrual-based accounting standards in the Lhokseumawe regency. The number of respondents in this study were 68 employees from the SKPK in Lhokseumawe regency, the research data was in the form of primary data with data analysis using multiple linear regression. The results showed that human resources, government commitment, information technology, and communication had an effect on the application of accrual-based accounting standards in Lhokseumawe regency. The number of respondents in this study were 68 employees from the SKPK in Lhokseumawe regency, the research data was in the form of primary data with data analysis using multiple linear regression. The results showed that human resources, government commitment, information technology, and communication had an effect on the application of accrual-based accounting standards in Lhokseumawe regency. The number of respondents in this study were 68 employees from the SKPK in Lhokseumawe regency, the research data was in the form of primary data with data analysis using multiple linear regression. The results showed that human resources, government commitment, information technology, and communication had an effect on the application of accrual-based accounting standards in the Lhokseumawe regency.

EFFECTIVE FISHERIES MANAGEMENT: TO REDUCE ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE AND SOCIAL CONFLICTS OF FISHERMEN DUE TO THE USE OF TRAWLING

The use of trawling as a fishing tool has long been known to have a very bad impact on the environment and creates social conflict in fishing communities. Likewise, on the North-East coast of Aceh there are still fishermen who use trawlers as fishing gear. On the other hand, the use of trawling is very damaging to the environment and causes social conflicts for fishermen. The cessation of trawling operations also has an economic and social impact on fishermen who have been using trawling for their livelihood. This study tries to explore how the impact of environmental damage and social impacts or fishing conflicts that occur due to the use of trawling and how the social and economic impacts if trawling operations are stopped on the North-East coast of Aceh. The research method was carried out with an exploratory descriptive qualitative approach. The results showed that there was significant environmental damage in the research area, namely in the waters of Lhokseumawe, North Aceh, East Aceh and Langsa. This is marked by the destruction of coral reefs and the reduced population of various types of fish, some of which are even very rare. The use of trawling also has an impact on social conflicts among fishermen which often occur. Meanwhile, the prohibition of trawling also has an impact on the loss of income for trawler fishermen and those who depend on trawling operations for their livelihoods. This study recommends stopping trawling permanently to preserve the aquatic environment and avoid social conflicts with fishing communities. Furthermore, to save trawler fishermen, the government must try to convert trawler fishing gear to fishing gear that is more economical and environmentally friendly.