EXPLORING NOMINALIZATION USE IN GRADUATE THESIS ABSTRACTS: AN SFL APPROACH TO ACADEMIC WRITING

becomes the mandatory part of an article which should be concise and lexically condensed. Unfortunately, not all academic writers can meet this demand. Following Halliday Matthiessen’s (1999) types of the grammatical metaphor in which the nominalization plays as the main tendency of the construal, this study investigates nominalization cases and how they are manifested in the texts. Seven graduate students’ thesis abstracts of the Linguistics Department of a state university in Indonesia were opted as the object of the investigation. Each instance of the nominalization was coded, counted, and classified to decide their types and an in-depth elaboration of how they are manifested in the texts is provided as well. The results showed that the graduate students employed all types of the nominalization to increase the abstracts’ conciseness. The Process nominalization realized from the process-thing transference highly dominates the abstracts. The findings also reveal a wide gap of the nominalization use between the process nominalization and the other types indicating the students’ lower intermediacy of the nominalization mastery in the academic writing. Therefore, the explicit teaching of the nominalization is highly recommended as this could be of value to the students involved in the scientific publication in this university.

Readability and adaptation of children’s literary works from the perspective of ideational grammatical metaphor

Widely studied in fields like education, psychology, and linguistics, readability can be defined as (a) reader’s understanding of a reading text, (b) features of a text, or (c) the matching of a text to its reader. The existing research has been focused on the formulaic and multilevel discourse approaches, relatively neglecting others such as systemic functional linguistics oriented one. Moreover, contemporary reading materials pose as a challenge for average children in many ways. This study examines readability and adaptation of children’s literary works from the perspective of ideational grammatical metaphor inspired by systemic functional linguistics. Through case studies of metaphorical transferences involving zero, one, two, and three ideational grammatical metaphors used in the parallel excerpts in the original version of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland and its eight adapted ones published in China, it is concluded that addition, maintenance, revision, unpacking, and demetaphorization are five major strategies which are found to decrease, maintain, or increase readability of some parts in the adapted versions.

LEXICAL METAPHOR IN INDONESIAN VERSION OF SURAH AL-KAHFI

ABSTRACTIn communication, people often faced to the use of metaphor, but many of us sometimes don't understand the metaphor itself. People usually find metaphors when using language in communication where the language they want to say is different from the actual meaning. metaphor divided into two; lexical metaphor and grammatical metaphor and lexical metaphor. This research focus on lexical metaphor that shows variations of words in which there are veiled meanings or different meanings. This research aims to explain why lexical metaphors are used in the Surah Al-Kahfi. This research revealed that (+) specialized, un-equal, formal and written have some frequency. All of them were found 42 times or 100%. Meanwhile, the (-) specialized, equal, informal and spoken with zero experience. the researcher was interested to conduct a research about lexical metaphor that used in Surah Al-Kahfi with Bahasa Indonesia translation version of the Qur’an. Keywords: Metaphor, Lexical Metaphor, Al-Qur’an, Surah Al-Kahfi

TRUMP VS JOKOWI: EXPLORING THE LEXICOGRAMMATICAL VARIATION OF HEAD OF STATES’ TWITTER COMMUNICATION

TRUMP VS JOKOWI: EXPLORING THE LEXICOGRAMMATICAL VARIATION OF HEAD OF STATES’ TWITTER COMMUNICATION Putu Nur AyomiUniversitas Mahasaraswati Denpasaremail: [email protected] Abstract Unlike other social media such as Facebook or Instagram, which is usually used to connect people and maintain relationships, Twitter focuses on information sharing. This makes Twitter an ideal platform to discuss ideas and generate conversations around particular issues. This article explores and compares the lexicogrammatical choices made by President Donald Trump and Joko Widodo in a selection of their tweets. Guided by Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL), this article explains the stylistic differences and their implications in the three metafunctions: ideational, interpersonal, and textual, including the language used for evaluation drawn from the Appraisal system network. The study reveals that Trump’s language is more spoken-like than that of Jokowi’s. Trump also employs various appraisal strategies to negatively evaluate his opponents and counter various adverse accusations addressed to him. Jokowi, on the other hand, uses more abstract written-like language and use more positive appraisal strategies mainly addressed to his government programs and plans amid the Covid-19 pandemic. The result of the study reveals that different individual lexicogrammatical choices can generate diverse representations and images.Keywords: lexicogrammar, metafunction, grammatical metaphor, appraisalTRUMP VS JOKOWI: MENDEDAH VARIASI LEKSIKOGRAMATIKAL KOMUNIKASI KEPALA NEGARA DI TWITTERAbstrak Berbeda dengan media sosial lain seperti Facebook atau Instagram yang biasanya digunakan untuk menghubungkan orang dan menjaga hubungan, Twitter berfokus pada berbagi informasi. Ini menjadikan Twitter platform yang ideal untuk mendiskusikan ide dan menghasilkan percakapan seputar masalah tertentu. Artikel ini membahas dan membandingkan pilihan leksikogramatikal dari Presiden Donald Trump dan Joko Widodo dalam kumpulan tweet mereka. Dengan panduan teori Linguistik Fungsional Sistemik, artikel ini menjelaskan perbedaan gaya bahasa kedua presiden dan implikasinya dalam ketiga metafungsi: Ideasional, Interpersonal, dan Tekstual, termasuk penggunaan bahasa sebagai sarana evaluasi yang diambil dari sistem Appraisal. Kajian ini mengungkapkan bahwa bahasa Trump lebih bercirikan bahasa lisan dibandingkan bahasa Jokowi. Trump juga menggunakan berbagai strategi Appraisal untuk mengevaluasi lawan politiknya secara negatif dan untuk melawan berbagai tuduhan negatif yang ditujukan kepadanya. Di sisi lain, Jokowi menggunakan bahasa yang lebih abstrak dan bercirikan bahasa tertulis serta menggunakan strategi Appraisal positif terutama yang ditujukan pada program dan rencana kerja pemerintahannya di tengah pandemi Covid-19. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pilihan leksikogramatikal individual yang berbeda dapat menghasilkan representasi dan citra yang beragam.Kata kunci: leksikogramatika, metafungsi, metafora gramatikal, appraisal

Nominalizations: Application of Grammatical Metaphor in the News Articles of Bangladesh-China Relations

This study, within the framework of Halliday’s Systemic Functional Grammar, aims to find out the types of nominalization and their functions in the news articles of Bangladesh-China relations. Bangladesh established the diplomatic relation with China on 4 October 1975. Since then the BSS has shown great interest in the relationship between the two countries. By combining the qualitative and quantitative methods, this paper includes 140 news articles from the BSS on the topic (1975-2016). Grammatical Metaphor Theory is applied to identify the specific functions of nominalization in the news articles, which are calculated by the Wordsmith Tools. The findings show that process nominalization is the top-highest frequently metaphor (40.3%), while circumstance nominalization is the second-highest metaphor (35.8%). Further, relator nominalization is the third-highest metaphor (14.2%), while quality nominalization is the fourth-highest metaphor (8.4%). The lowest nominalization is entity nominalization, which is only 1.4%. The findings also show that process nominalization can increase the level of objectivity and conciseness of Bangladesh-China relations. By contrast, quality nominalization can increase the distance between the readers and the editors. Relator and entity nominalizations are rarely used in the news articles of the BSS. Further, practical implications are drawn for the readers about the function of nominalization in the news articles, which are concise, objective, and formal. Therefore, this paper will be helpful for those, who are interested in the study of the relations between Bangladesh and China.

Exploring the use of grammatical metaphor in Indonesian EFL learners’ academic writing

Grammatical metaphor is considered to be the key linguistic resource in the creation of academic discourse. In a pedagogical context, identification of grammatical metaphor in students’ writing can be used as a measurement of students’ academic literacy level to determine actions to improve the existing situation. In Indonesian EFL context, students’ grammatical metaphor deployment and development has not been much studied, despite its strategic role in improving students’ academic literacy. This paper presents a first step towards understanding Indonesian tertiary students’ linguistic strengths and weaknesses in academic literacy through the identification of ideational grammatical metaphor deployment and development. Using cross-sectional data from first year and third year students in a State Islamic College in a rural area of Indonesia, the students’ academic writing were analyzed for the deployment of experiential grammatical metaphor. The findings show that the two groups of different levels of participants deployed similar types of reconstrual of experiential grammatical metaphor. Process to Thing transcategorisation was the most frequent type of experiential grammatical metaphor reconstrual across the two groups, while Relator to Process was the most frequent logical grammatical metaphor reconstrual in both groups. Third-year students surpassed the first-year group in the frequency and proportion of instances of grammatical metaphor deployment. This study has shown that the development of learners’ academic writing was limited. Thus, it was suggested that a more explicit pedagogy to expose students to grammatical metaphor and more basic lexicogrammar teaching to enable the students to write academic texts is warranted.

Grammatical Metaphor in English-Chinese Translation

This paper aims to apply grammatical metaphor (GM) in systemic functional linguistics (SFL) into translation studies. From the concept of functional equivalence in terms of ideational meaning, interpersonal meaning, and textual meaning required of target text (TT) relative to source text (ST) proposed by SFL, it is necessary for the translators to manipulate respectively on the transitivity system, mood system, modality system, and theme system that embody ideational meaning, interpersonal meaning, and textual meaning. Since the same meaning can be expressed in different grammatical structures, the translators, in this process, are faced with a variety of grammatical forms, among which congruent form and metaphorical form are included. To attain the goal of translation prescribed above, the translator has to choose an accurate and appropriate structure. The article then discusses the necessity and effects of GM's application into English to Chinese translation to ensure the quality of the works translated.