Water Resources and Their Management in an Increasing Urban Demography: The Case of Dakar City in Senegal

The United Nations classifies Senegal as a water-poor country (less than 1000 m3 per capita of freshwater reserves) and about 20% of its population did not have access to a drinking water supply (estimates of 2015). Economic growth and the fight against poverty in Senegal depend essentially on the availability of water for the development of agricultural and industrial activities, in addition to satisfying domestic uses. As a developing country, Senegal’s human, monetary and institutional capacities are often limited to providing clean and sufficient water efficiently to its citizens. This article examines the management of water scarcity in the city of Dakar (capital of Senegal) in a context of increasing demography and urbanization. However, Senegal has sufficient water resources to meet the demand if the available resources are properly managed. As a result, several initiatives are under way in Senegal to mitigate water problems and protect the country’s water resources: reducing pollution, improving access to drinking water and setting up rational and equitable exploitation with a constant concern for sustainable development.

The Anthropocene Dialogues on Climate Change to Human Health of Homosapiens in India

The Anthropocene has succeeded the 11700 years old Holocene epoch from 1945. Biological annihilation about 6th mass extinction from Holocene to present is well marked but less documented though the human dominance over bio-geo-hydro spheres has been established. IUCN is the footage of the floral/ faunal species from mammals to microorganisms. Many natural disasters, killer IAS and pandemic viruses are targeting human immune system. The 21st century virulent diseases are the HIV/AIDS, SARS, MERS, Swine flu. Corona viruses are not novice whereas COVID-19 viruses are mutation of old corona viruses. It is necessary to study the COVID-19 as one of the players of the 6th Mass extinction. Present work envisages the 6th mass extinction processes in India from the Holocene to present epoch. There is gradual endangering the aboriginal species, pathogens and viral species. The geospatial extinction process of 1200 years gathered from different sources and synchronized in the India’s time frame. The present outbreak of the killer COVID-19 has triggered threat to very human existence in mid latitudes affecting 5.0 millon and fatalities 325K people over 215 countries and two ships in the globe and 101 thousand confirmed cases and 3.3K people in India (till 20.05.2020).The pandemic has paralyzed the human’s social, economic, political activities and deteriorated world economy since last four months. The viral invasion is geospatially delimiting the climate change, extreme events, economy, sociology and mass immunity of the vibrant urban demography.

PORTABLE HOUSE: ARSITEKTUR BAGI KAUM MISKIN KOTA

One of urban demography problem is the explosion of urban population due to the activity of migration and poverty, including structural poverty. One of the urban poos groups is the scavengers. This paper, have no intention at all to discuss regarding poverty problem, including scavengers from the perspective of economic solution, rather, will study from the perspective of experimental architecture. Mayeng scavengers become the object of case study, because rare for architecture to discuss about this lower class society. The assumption is architecture shoud play a role in the context of social, due to its intervention will influence and further change the face and features of the city. In relation to that, this paper have a purpose to analyse the need of housing for scavengers, also obtained solution of design optimally, even in the context of experimental architecture. Keywords: poor society, structural poverty, mayeng scavenger, portable houseAbstrak: Salahsatu problema demografi perkotaan, adalah ledakan populasi penduduk akibat migrasi dan kemiskinan, termasuk kemiskinan struktural. Salahsatu kelompok miskin kota adalah para pemulung. Paper ini, sama sekali tidak bermaksud untuk membahas problematika kemiskinan, termasuk pemulung dari sudut pandang solusi ekonomi, akan mengkaji dari sudut pandang arsitektur eksperimental. Pemulung mayeng menjadi objek studi kasus, karena arsitektur sangat jarang menyentuh masyarakat kelas bawah ini. Asumsinya, arsitektur harus memainkan peran dalam konteks social, karena intervensi arsitektur akan mempengaruhi dan bahkan mengubah perjalanan wajah dan fitur kota. Sekaitan itu, paper ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebutuhan tempat tinggal bagi pemulung, serta menemukan solusi desain secara optimal, meskipun berada pada konteks arsitektur eksperimental. Kata kunci : masyarakat miskin, kemiskinan struktural, pemulung mayeng, portable house

Inhabitants of heritage: the dwellers of an Italian Renaissance palace and their problematic eviction in Ferrara, 1900–1940

This article examines the eviction of tenants and squatters from a Renaissance palace in Ferrara, purchased by the Italian state in 1920. The case stands at the crossroads of three processes in European history between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries: the social and material ‘decadence’ of aristocratic residences, the birth of ‘national heritage’ and preservation policies and the explosion of the ‘housing problem’, following changes in urban demography and social structure. Considering a large range of sources, the article offers new insight into the conflict between different urban bureaucracies and inside them. It also explores the different forms of agency of working-class dwellers against the background of troubled post-war years followed by the advent of fascism.

Leeds and its Jewish community

The book is a comprehensive and definitive history of the Leeds Jewish community, which was – and remains – the third largest in Britain. It is organised in three parts: Context (history, urban, demography); Chronology (covering the period from the mid-nineteenth century to the 1940s); and Contours (analysing themes and aspects of the history up to the present time). The book shows how a small community was affected by mass immigration, and through economic progress and social mobility achieved integration into the host society. It is a story of entrepreneurial success which transformed a proletarian community into a middle-class society. Its members contributed extensively to the economic, social, political and cultural life of Leeds, which provided a supportive environment for Jews to pursue their religion, generally free from persecution. The Leeds Jewish community lived predominantly in three locations which changed over time as they moved in a northerly direction to suburbia.

The City and Its Residents

The chapter discusses the administration, economics, population, poverty, life expectancy, and practices of Roman imperial urban life and New Testament intersections with them, focusing chiefly on the eastern Mediterranean. It describes the Roman Empire as a network of cities hierarchically arranged according to differing kinds of privileges. It treats the architecture usually found in cities and the usual offices of city administration. It presents typical urban demography and population density. It considers taxation, urban poverty, and wealth distribution, presenting Christians as impoverished as a corrective to scholarship that has exaggerated their wealth. It discusses the artisan economy of cities and the lives of tradespeople as a backdrop for the settings of Christianity. The administration and organization of differing types of associations are considered as an analogy for conceiving Christian assemblies. It describes the integration of Jews in urban life, together with ad hoc rather than empire-wide policies of toleration. It discusses “god-fearers” as a term to describe non-Jews affiliated with synagogues, as well as a word used to describe the piety of devotees of other religions.

Development of small Russian towns in the 19th–21st centuries: socioeconomic factors

This research is focused on small Russian towns and the socioeconomic aspects of their development in the 19th through 21st centuries. Several towns, including Mytischi, Yuzovka, Naro-Fominsk, Myshkin, etc., serve as examples employed to assess the practice of founding townships, to analyze the economic, social, cultural, and political conditions of their functioning, and to make projections for their future development. The methods, employed by this research project, consist in the look-back analysis of sources and the analysis of statistics, including the relevant urban demography. The main conclusion, made by the author, is the need for the revival of small Russian towns in the post-industrial era through their assumption of supplementary administrative functions against the background of continuing de-industrialization and the shutdown of the township-forming production facilities. The author believes that the conversion of small towns into tourist resort areas is a debatable practice. The author addresses this issue in the Discussion section of the article. He offers his pros and cons in respect of these actions. The academic novelty of the article consists in the provision of the novel data concerning the development of small towns as the urban districts of major megalopolises.

Citizenship and Citizens

This chapter explores the theory and practice of urban citizenship between the thirteenth and sixteenth centuries. Citizenship, although one of the most ubiquitous modes of social and political organization in medieval towns, is not well understood in late medieval England. The lists of freemen entering the franchise have been subject to detailed, statistical analysis, by scholars working in the fields of urban demography and financial and economic history. This chapter asks instead: what did it mean to be a citizen in late medieval English towns? There was no single answer to this question. The point of departure is the oath sworn by the new entrant to the civic franchise.