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PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0262125
Author(s):  
Rochelle Tobin ◽  
Gemma Crawford ◽  
Jonathan Hallett ◽  
Bruce Richard Maycock ◽  
Roanna Lobo

Introduction Public health policy and practice is strengthened by the application of quality evidence to decision making. However, there is limited understanding of how initiatives that support the generation and use of evidence in public health are operationalised. This study examines factors that support the internal functioning of a partnership, the Western Australian Sexual Health and Blood-borne Virus Applied Research and Evaluation Network (SiREN). SiREN aims to build research and evaluation capacity and increase evidence-informed decision making in a public health context. Methods This study was informed by systems concepts. It developed a causal loop diagram, a type of qualitative system model that illustrated the factors that influence the internal operation of SiREN. The causal loop diagram was developed through an iterative and participatory process with SiREN staff and management (n = 9) via in-depth semi-structured interviews (n = 4), workshops (n = 2), and meetings (n = 6). Results Findings identified critical factors that affected the functioning of SiREN. Central to SiREN’s ability to meet its aims was its capacity to adapt within a dynamic system. Adaptation was facilitated by the flow of knowledge between SiREN and system stakeholders and the expertise of the team. SiREN demonstrated credibility and capability, supporting development of new, and strengthening existing, partnerships. This improved SiREN’s ability to be awarded new funding and enhanced its sustainability and growth. SiREN actively balanced divergent stakeholder interests to increase sustainability. Conclusion The collaborative development of the diagram facilitated a shared understanding of SiREN. Adaptability was central to SiREN achieving its aims. Monitoring the ability of public health programs to adapt to the needs of the systems in which they work is important to evaluate effectiveness. The detailed analysis of the structure of SiREN and how this affects its operation provide practical insights for those interested in establishing a similar project.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 419-425
Author(s):  
Musthaza Mohammad ◽  
Wan Laailatul Hanim Mat Desa ◽  
Norazura Ahmad ◽  
Norhaslinda Zainal Abidin

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2021-056695
Author(s):  
Sarah D Mills ◽  
Shelley D Golden ◽  
Meghan C O’Leary ◽  
Paige Logan ◽  
Kristen Hassmiller Lich

ObjectivesDevelop and use a causal loop diagram (CLD) of smoking among racial/ethnic minority and lower-income groups to anticipate the intended and unintended effects of tobacco control policies.MethodsWe developed a CLD to elucidate connections between individual, environmental and structural causes of racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in smoking. The CLD was informed by a review of conceptual and empirical models of smoking, fundamental cause and social stress theories and 19 qualitative interviews with tobacco control stakeholders. The CLD was then used to examine the potential impacts of three tobacco control policies.ResultsThe CLD includes 24 constructs encompassing individual (eg, risk perceptions), environmental (eg, marketing) and structural (eg, systemic racism) factors associated with smoking. Evaluations of tobacco control policies using the CLD identified potential unintended consequences that may maintain smoking disparities. For example, the intent of a smoke-free policy for public housing is to reduce smoking among residents. Our CLD suggests that the policy may reduce smoking among residents by reducing smoking among family/friends, which subsequently reduces pro-smoking norms and perceptions of tobacco use as low risk. On the other hand, some residents who smoke may violate the policy. Policy violations may result in financial strain and/or housing instability, which increases stress and reduces feelings of control, thus having the unintended consequence of increasing smoking.ConclusionsThe CLD may be used to support stakeholder engagement in action planning and to identify non-traditional partners and approaches for tobacco control.


Systems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Stephanie Bogdewic ◽  
Rohit Ramaswamy

Despite a range of federal and state interventions to slow the spread of COVID-19, the US has seen millions of infections and hundreds of thousands of deaths. Top-down mandates have been ineffective because the community spread of the pandemic has been influenced by complex local dynamics that have evolved over time. Systems thinking approaches, specifically causal loop diagrams, and leverage points, are important techniques for representing complexity at the local level and identifying responsive systems change opportunities. This commentary presents a causal loop diagram highlighting the progressive effects of prolonged state-level COVID-19 mandates at the community level. We also identify potential system leverage points that address these effects and present an imagined future state causal loop diagram in which these solutions are implemented. Our future system demonstrates the importance of collaborations to enable community-driven, bottom-up approaches to public health crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, that are adaptive and responsive to local needs.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Yaping Zhao ◽  
Jie Cai ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Liang Zhao

Physical literacy has gained much popularity in educational circles who are working on the improvement of curriculum and overall standard of education. It involves a holistic lifelong comprehensive learning approach that includes movements and physical activities. Overall, it has positive effects on physical, psychological, social, and cognitive health of individuals, so physical literacy exemplifies the dedication to raise a healthier, more active generation. Numerous factors interacting between humanities and social sciences affect the promotion of physical literacy, so such a study will be interdisciplinary which will consider across all social and individual factors. The current research proposes a system dynamic “SD” model to promote students’ physical literacy by building a complete causal loop diagram of the model to illustrate the general system. Based on the casual loop diagram, the system is then presented as four subsystems. The model is simulated by allocating 14 different changes of indexes in the physical literacy promotion system to find better allocations for optimal effectiveness in promoting physical literacy. Simulations are carried out by using the Apache Spark architecture utilizing “Big Data” tools for effective, speedy, and reliable analysis and results. The study proposes that different physical literacy indexes in different grades require attention; the optimal promotion of physical literacy can be achieved by increasing the physical knowledge of lower-grade students and increasing the physical attitude of higher-grade students. The model can be used to make decisions about efficient physical literacy management and physical literacy promotion planning.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-110
Author(s):  
Muhammad Safii ◽  
Husain Husain ◽  
Mochamad Wahyudi ◽  
Muhammad Zarlis

The spread of Corona Virus or Covid 19 is very fast and has become a pandemic for all countries in this world. In a very dynamic and complex development process consisting of many interrelated and diverse components, each of which has different goals. Regarding the dynamic and complex challenges in the field of developing corona virus spread, the ability to identify is needed to reduce the circulation of the virus. For this reason, it is necessary to look further into the factors that influence and inhibit the spread of the virus and what strategies are needed and analyze the dynamically dynamic causes of these factors using the method of approach that uses the Cause Circle Diagram (CLD) system. ). The purpose of this research is to get the right solution in making decisions to handle the spread of corona virus through a system approach with a Causal Loop Diagram (CLD) model.


Systems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Sudesh Sharma ◽  
Mat Walton ◽  
Suzanne Manning

The Coronavirus pandemic of 2019–20 (COVID-19) affected multiple social determinants of health (SDH) across the globe, including in New Zealand, exacerbating health inequities. Understanding these system dynamics can support decision making for the pandemic response and recovery measures. This study combined a scoping review with a causal loop diagram to further understanding of the connections between SDH, pandemic measures, and both short- and long-term outcomes in New Zealand. The causal loop diagram showed the reinforcing nature of structural SDH, such as colonization and socio-economic influences, on health inequities. While balancing actions taken by government eliminated COVID-19, the diagram showed that existing structural SDH inequities could increase health inequities in the longer term, unless the opportunity is taken for socio-economic policies to be reset. Such policy resets would be difficult to implement, as they are at odds with the current socio-economic system. The causal loop diagram highlighted that SDH significantly influenced the dynamics of the COVID-19 impact and response, pointing to a need for purposeful systemic action to disrupt the reinforcing loops which increase health inequities over time. This will require strong systems leadership, and coordination between policy makers and implementation at local level.


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