Econometric Approach to Assessing the Transfer Fees and Values of Professional Football Players

Billions of euros are invested every year by professional football clubs for the recruitment of players. How do market actors decide prices? This paper presents an econometric model unveiling the key factors coming into play in determining fees on the transfer market for professional football (soccer) players. The statistical technique used to build the model is multiple linear regression (MLR), with fees paid by clubs as an independent variable. The sample comprises over 2000 transactions of players transferred for money from clubs in the five major European leagues during the period stretching from July 2012 to November 2021. This paper notably highlights the importance of taking into consideration the remaining duration of contracts binding players with the club to which they belong, a factor often neglected in the existing literature. It also shows that a statistical model can explain over 80% of the differences in the transfer fees paid for players. This paper reveals various applications of the approach developed for the football industry to both assess and predict football players’ transfer fees and values: transfer negotiations, club sales or purchases, bank credit, fund raising, financial planning and communication, legal disputes, etc.

Exploring the Market of Soccer Player Registrations: An Empirical Analysis of the Difference Between Transfer Fees and Estimated Players’ Inherent Value

This paper examines the determinants of the difference between soccer player registration transfer fees and the estimated inherent value of transferred players. The results show that this difference increases for players competing in the same league as that of the acquiring team, players acquired during winter transfer windows, defender registrations, and in the presence of player registration swaps. It decreases for midfielder registrations and for registrations purchased the year immediately before the expiration of players’ contracts. Finally, the difference between registration transfer fees and estimated players’ inherent value increases up to when players are 28 years old and decreases afterwards.

Pengaruh Program Pemutihan Pajak dan Pembebasan Bea Balik Nama Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Kendaraan Bermotor

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>This study aims to prove the effect of the motor vehicle tax whitening program (PKB) and the exemption of transfer fees (BBNKB) on motor vehicle tax compliance at the SAMSAT Serpong office, South Tangerang City. The research population is all motorized vehicle users registered in SAMSAT Serpong, South Tangerang City. The method used in this study is accidental sampling, namely the technique of determining the sample by chance, that is, anyone who happens to meet the researcher. Data were collected by survey method with questionnaires, and the questionnaires were eligible for 100 questionnaires. The data analysis technique used Multiple Linear Regression Analysis. The results showed that partially there was no effect on the whitening of motor vehicle tax (PKB) and there was an effect on the exemption of transfer fees (BBNKB. However, simultaneously all variables affect the compliance of motor vehicle taxpayers in SAMSAT Serpong, South Tangerang City. This study also shows the results of the </span></p><div class="page" title="Page 2"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>determination test, this determination explains how much the model's ability to explain the variation of the independent variable affects the dependent variable expressed in percentages.The coefficient of determination is 21.9% meaning the percentage of the influence of the independent variable on the tax whitening program (X</span><span>1</span><span>) and the exemption of transfer fees. (X</span><span>2</span><span>) to the compliance of motorized vehicle taxpayers (Y) of 21.9% while the remaining 78.1% is influenced or explained by other variables outside of the variables studied. </span></p><p> </p></div></div></div></div></div></div>

ANALISIS PERTUMBUHAN PENERIMAAN PAJAK KENDARAAN BERMOTOR DAN BEA BALIK NAMA KENDARAAN BERMOTOR TERHADAP PEMELIHARAAN DAN PERLUASAN JALAN DI KABUPATEN PURWAKARTA

The purpose of this study is to determine the growth and contribution of revenue sharing for Motor Vehicle Taxes to Road Maintenance and Expansion in Purwakarta, as well as the growth and contribution of revenue sharing from Motor Vehicle Title Transfer Fees to Road Maintenance and Expansion in Purwakarta. from 2015 to 2019. This research method is descriptive research. The results show that the growth of motor vehicle tax revenue each year has increased along with this the growth of road maintenance and expansion in Purwakarta in 2015-2017 also increased while in 2018 it had a decrease. This is due to the APBD Allocation budgeted from the agency, there is a budget reduction and increased again in 2019 Until now, the motor vehicle tax revenue sharing has not been able to meet the needs for maintenance costs and road expansion, negative and in the following year had positive growth and growth. Road maintenance and expansion in Purwakarta in 2015-2017 experienced positive growth while in 2018 it had a decline. This is due to the budget allocation from the agency that budgeted for a reduction in the budget and increased again in 2019. Until now, the profit sharing of the Transfer of Names for Motorized Vehicles has not been able to meet the needs of road maintenance and expansion costs.

Does the quality of a youth academy impact a football player's market value?

PurposeFootball clubs invest in the implementation of scientific insights that improve the quality of youth academies. In the long run, clubs expect their youth academy investments to result in better trained players. The purpose of this paper is to quantify the impact of the attended youth academies' quality on the future market value of a player.Design/methodology/approachA dataset containing 94 players trained in 13 different academies has been constructed. The dataset contains characteristics of the players and information on the quality of their attended academies. The impact of the quality of the attended academies on players' future market values was estimated empirically through multiple regression analysis.FindingsThe quality of a youth academy has a significant positive impact on a player's market value, which in turn is correlated with higher future wages for players and transfer fees for clubs.Research limitations/implicationsClubs are advised to pay sufficient attention to investments in their youth academy. This will eventually lead to better trained players and higher revenues. Players in turn should strive to be part of the best academies that provide good training and the opportunity to become a top-earning player. For policymakers, such as football federations, the results imply that stimulating club investments in academies can lead to better national team performances.Originality/valueThe impact of the quality of a youth academy on an individual professional football player's career has never been quantified in the literature before. To this end, a new variable has been constructed using scientific assessments of youth academies.

Measuring football clubs' human capital: analytical and dynamic models based on footballers' life cycles

PurposeThis research proposes analytical valuation models throughout football players' life cycles based on crowd valuations from social media to produce dynamic sporting human capital disclosures, and therefore, supplying further useful information to capture the intellectual capital (IC) of football clubs.Design/methodology/approachThis work is carried out using an econometric model that includes 658 observations of crowd judgments versus their transfer fees, for the best footballers of the three major European Leagues between 2006 and 2018. To make the model more parsimonious, the set of independent variables that really add value has been found across the stepwise methodology.FindingsThe significant differences between both models are analyzed, integrating previous academic literature based on the existence of negotiation elements in prices, and in the capacity of crowdsourcing to explain assessments of football players, from a dynamic perspective, alongside a new variable: injuries, which has not been explained before.Originality/valueThe broader assessments from crowdsourcing should be integrated in intellectual capital disclosures (ICD), from a critical, novel and dynamic perspective, creating a virtuous cycle between managers and fans, to increase transparency of financial information for stakeholders and society.

Kontribusi Pajak Dan Bea Balik Nama Kendaraan Bermotor Di Provinsi Jawa Timur (Studi Kasus Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19)

This study aims to determine how is the contribution of PKB (Taxes) and BBNKB (Transfer Fees for Motorized Vehicles) in East Java Province to the Regional Revenue. The study is conducted at the Regional Revenue Agency of East Java Province with a qualitative descriptive method. The data are collected in the form of secondary data, field surveys in the form of documentation. The results of the study show that PKB and BBNKB revenues in 2018 - 2020 in East Java Province is that the average contribution of motor vehicle taxes (PKB) to the regional revenue is 40.10% called as in a good category and the average contribution of motor vehicle title transfer fees (BBNKB) to the regional revenue is 20,10% called as in the medium category. However, the revenue of motor vehicle tax and motor vehicle transfer fees always exceeds the target. The Regional Government policy on the increasing of PKB and BBNKB revenues during the Covid-19 pandemic is to waive fines for late payment of PKB as well as exempt administrative sanctions of PKB and BBNKB and provide basic payment cuts of PKB for two-wheelers and four-wheelers. In order to increase the contribution level of PKB and BBNKB to the regional revenue of East Java Province, cooperation between the government and taxpayers is needed.Keywords: Contribution, Regional Revenue, PKB, BBNKB, the Covid-19 PandemicPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar kontribusi PKB dan BBNKB di Provinsi Jawa Timur terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah. Penelitian dilakukan di Badan Pendapatan Daerah Provinsi Jawa Timur dengan metode yang bersifat deskripsi kualitatif, yaitu dengan mengumpulkan data yang berupa data sekunder, survey lapangan berupa dokumentasi. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerimaan PKB dan BBNKB tahun 2018 – 2020 di Provinsi Jawa Timur yaitu rata-rata kontribusi Pajak Kendaraan Bermotor terhadap PAD adalah sebesar 40,10 persen dalam kategori baik dan rata-rata kontribusi Bea Balik Nama Kendaraan Bermotor terhadap PAD adalah sebesar 20,10 persen dalam kategori sedang. Namun, penerimaan Pajak Kendaraan Bermotor dan Bea Balik Nama Kendaraan Bermotor selalu melebihi target yang sudah ditetapkan. Kebijakan Pemerintah Daerah terhadap peningkatan penerimaan PKB dan BBNKB pada masa pandemi Covid-19 yaitu dengan membebaskan denda keterlambatan PKB serta membebaskan sanksi administratif PKB dan BBNKB dan memberikan potongan pokok PKB untuk roda dua dan roda empat. Supaya tingkat kontribusi dari PKB dan BBNKB terhadap PAD Provinsi Jawa Timur terus meningkat maka dibutuhkannya kerjasama antara pemerintah dan wajib pajak. Kata Kunci: Kontribusi, PAD, PKB, BBNKB, Covid-19.

Evaluasi penerimaan pajak kendaraan bermotor (PKB) dan bea balik nama kendaraan bermotor (BBN-KB) serta dampaknya terhadap pendapatan asli daerah di Provinsi Jambi

The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors supporting and inhibiting the achievement of revenue targets, the effectiveness of motor vehicle tax receipts and motor vehicle name transfer fees, and their relationship with the original income of Jambi Province. This study used a quantitative descriptive method, where the data obtained were analyzed using qualitative analysis techniques and quantitative analysis. The results of the qualitative analysis show that the determination of the target of motor vehicle tax revenue and motor vehicle name transfer fee in Jambi Province is still done manually based on the latest achievement/realization data plus the percentage that is expected to be achieved following the existing upward trend. from previous years. The results of the quantitative analysis show that the motor vehicle tax revenue and the transfer of motor vehicle name transfer duties in 2014-2018 in Jambi Province have not been effective following the potential for motor vehicle tax revenue and motor vehicle name transfer fee. Besides, there is also no significant relationship between the effectiveness of motor vehicle tax receipts and the effectiveness of the transfer of motor vehicle name transfer fees on the Regional Original Revenue of Jambi Province during 2014-2018, either partially or simultaneously. Keywords: Motorized vehicle tax, Local revenue

The impact of investors on transfer fees in the English Premier League: A study of the ownership structures

Transfer fees in European football have experienced a rapid increase in the past years. Simultaneously, an increasing number of domestic and recently foreign investors — who are assumed to further increase team spending in European football — have entered the football market by becoming club owners. In light of these developments, fears associated with an increasing influence of foreign (majority) investors from the financial as well as the emotional fan perspective have increased. Given the rather limited number of empirical studies focusing on the impact of investors on transfer fees, we shed further light on this topic. Based on a data sample including transfer fees, player characteristics, player performance and team performance from 2012–2013 to 2018–2019 for the English Premier League, we estimate OLS regressions and quantile regressions to analyze the effects of ownership concentration and investor origin on the amount of individual transfer fees. While we do not find strong evidence that ownership concentration increases the willingness to pay, we find fairly consistent results that foreign investors are willing to pay a premium compared to domestic investors. Our results also indicate that especially foreign investors who own a majority share of a club have a positive effect on transfer fees for the upper quantiles.

Kajian Komparatif Sebelum Dan Pasca Launching Samsat Keliling Dan Samsat Corner Mall Terhadap Penerimaan Pajak Kendaraan Bermotor Di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan

The South Sumatera Government wants to achieve the targets set in the Local Own-source Revenue (LOR), of which 40 percent comes from the motor vehicle tax and motor vehicle transfer fees. However, the LOR revenue target through vehicle tax and motor vehicle transfer fees set in 2016 only reached around 50 to 60 percent. In an effort to improve services that get closer to the community and increase the collection of vehicle tax in order to achieve the LOR targets in South Sumatera Province, the Provincial Government has launched a special mobile One-stop Administration Services Office (SAMSAT) in 21 Regional Technical Implementation Unit (UPTD) SAMSAT in 17 districts/cities and SAMSAT corner mall which is in 4 malls in Palembang city.The study aims to examine and analyze whether there are significant differences before and after the launching of mobile One-Stop Administration Service Office and SAMSAT corner mall on Vehicle Tax Revenue of South Sumatra Province