Rashed Al-Ghanoshi's Concept of Democracy

This study analyses the concept of democracy according to Rashed Al-Ghanoshi that it aims exploring the contributions of this intellectual theses about democracy in the contemporary Islamic intellectual interaction with reality. Furthermore, it adopted text analysis method that Al-Ghanoshi’s intellectual texts are subject to this study. The researcher concluded thatAl-Ghanoshi based his writings on hte technical dimension of the concept of democracy eliminating the philosophical dimension to assure the neutrality of his methods. Also, he confirms that Islam and its objectives do not prevent these methods and arrangements. On the contrary, Islam aims to get humanity to these good arrangements for ruling in order to fulfill the principle of Shora (consultation). Besides, Al-Ghanoshi based his intellectual project on a number of ideas about the principles and practices of democracy where are intellectually controversial in the contemporary Islamic thought such as multiparty system, elections, the concept of the majority, legislation and separation of powers. This is done to reach the conclusion that Islam does not contradict with these practices and principles as the Islamic thought rejecting this concept and its methods is the only hindrance for any democratic change in the Arab Islamic societies.

Enhancing Border Security through Public-Private Partnerships in South Africa

This study sought to explore the opportunities in forming effective partnerships between the public sector and the private space technology sector to address border security challenges in South Africa using space technology. The study focused on border security authorities and the space technology sector in South Africa. To achieve the above objective, a qualitative research methodology was used to ascertain the possibilities and opportunities of adopting Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) to enhance border security in South Africa through the adoption of space technology. Findings indicate that there is a need for effective PPPs for the purpose of enhancing border security through the application of space technology in South Africa. The findings further highlighted the massive benefits of partnership but also highlighted the possible challenges of engaging in PPPs. This study revealed that it is reasonably expected for the South African border security authorities to collaborate with the private space technology sector for the purpose of developing and providing effective space technology for border security.

Opportunities of Using Space Technology to Enhance Border Security in South Africa

The failure of the South African border security authorities to provide effective border security continues to be a national security concern. The inability to provide effective border security is due to factors such as ineffective methods of controlling and monitoring the borders. The aim of this study was to examine the practicability of employing space technology to address identified border security constraints. The study focused on border security authorities and the space technology sector in South Africa. To achieve this objective, a qualitative research methodology was used to ascertain the issues and constraints of border security in South Africa as well as the possibilities of utilising space technology to address border security constraints in South Africa. Findings indicate that there is a need to utilise space technology in South Africa to enhance the level of border security.

Kartu Prakerja (Pre-Employment Card) Policy and Its Impact on Economy and Community Income

This Kartu Prakerja (Pre-Employment Card) Policy Study aims to analyze the impact of the government's 2021 budget allocation of IDR 30 Trillion (US$ 2.065 billion) on the Indonesian economy and the increasing of community income, as well as the benefits and drawbacks of implementing the pre-employment card program. The novelty of this study is regarding to its study ability to find solutions for quantitative government budget allocation policies in the context of policy making. The results show that the government's budget allocation for the Pre-Employment Card Program is able to increase Indonesia's Economic Growth by 0.23 percent and community income by 0.53 percent.

“The Time Machine” Social Innovation and Research-Creation Strategy for Risk Control in Informal Labor Communities

Strategies to control occupational risk factors face various challenges in terms of their application and effectiveness, even more so when it comes to providing risk-control solutions under informal working conditions. Purpose: explore opportunities presented by the use of social innovation strategies and methodologies derived from research-creation to establish educational control measures for occupational risk factors, for recovery and recycling workers in Bogotá (Colombia). Methods and procedures: There were two main phases for this research: one aimed to understand the different risk posed to informal labor communities based on workplace inspection and risk assessment norms NTC4114 and GTC45, the other one was aimed to develop a research-creation and social innovation-based strategy, to co-create innovative solutions to address risk factors with the informal workers New Results: Risk conditions were measured for the first time with this group of informal workers and a social innovation creation was made to control risk factors and to dignify working conditions Conclusions: Informal work has precarious and uncontrolled risk. In addition, the systematic exclusion of informal workers from public health labor systems organized by national governments means that protective measures for this group of people are often ineffective or inadequate, or in the worst case, non-existent.

The Analysis of Missing Cases on the Treatment of Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis

To describe the follow-up treatment of Resistant Rifampicin in health care facilities based on the results of the gene-Xpert examination. The study design was cross-sectional using data from "Evaluation study of detection of TB cases with the rapid molecular test in Indonesia in 2018". The data resources were from 42 hospitals and two primary health care facilities having conducted the gene-Xpert examination at least six months in 42 districts, 26 provinces in Indonesia. The number of TB diagnoses with gene-Xpert from health facilities was 33,630 cases, 31.6% of those cases were TB positive, namely rifampicin sensitivity of 89% (9,456) and rifampicin-resistant of 11% (1,171). 29% of resistant rifampicin tuberculosis cases were missing cases consisting of the untreated and unknown follow-up treatment of 18% and 11%, respectively. Missing cases were mostly found in males of 66.1%. Based on the age, 76.9% of the missing cases were in productive age, such as 15 to 54 years. Moreover, according to the TB treatment history and origin of the case, missing cases were found in new cases, 54.4%, and the existing health facility 51.2%. The most reason for missing the RR-TB case in the follow-up treatment was the refusal of treatment 40.3%. The high non-compliance to TB treatment was caused by inadequate general knowledge about TB, lack of social support, medication side effects, and long treatment period, which were posed as barriers to adherence to treatment.

Wage Policy in Indonesia Based on Government Regulation Number 36 of 2021 and its Economic Aspects

Wages are an important element in the employment relationship. In 2021, The Indonesian government has issued Government Regulation Number 36 of 2021 on Wage Policy. The purpose of this wage policy review is to compare the wage provision between Government Regulation Number 78 of 2015 and Government Regulation Number 36 of 2021. The novelty of this study is to find differences in term of wage rules between the previous regulation and the latest ones, and also to examine all of those differences based on both legal and economic aspects; so that, the government will get more complete understanding in carrying out wage policy. Furthermore, the wage policy produced by the government hopefully can creates a positive impact on workers and employers.

The Relationship Between Malnutrition and Tuberculosis (TB) At The Age Group More Than 18 Years Old In Indonesia (Analysis Of The Basic Health Research 2018)

The study aimed to determine the relationship between nutritional status based on Body Mass Index (BMI) and Tuberculosis (TB) in the age group >18 years. This study further analyzes the 2018 Basic Health Research (Riskesdas 2018), a cross-sectional study conducted in all city districts in 34 provinces of Indonesia. Unit samples of this study are population-based in the age group >18 years. The determination of having had TB is if the respondent answered yes to the question: "Has a doctor ever been diagnosed with TB by a period of ≤1 year". Nutritional status based on BMI value by calculating height per body weight. Nutritional status was classified as: underweight: BMI <18.5; normal: BMI ≥18.5 - <25.0; Overweight: BMI ≥25.0 - <27.0; obesity: BMI ≥27.0. The total sample was 624,562. The number of TB sufferers 3,220 (0.5%). The number of underweight respondents 62,456 (9.4%), normal respondents 344,941 (55.2%), overweight and obese respondents 221,021 (35.4%). There is a relationship between nutritional status and TB after controlling for confounding variables such as gender, education, type of work, residence, DM risk factors, and smoking behavior. Underweight has a risk of 7.67 (CI 6.40-9.20) of getting TB compared to overweight/obesity, while normal weight has a risk of 2.55 (CI 2.18-2.98) of getting TB compared to overweight/ obesity after controlled confounding variables. Underweight people have 7.67 times the risk of getting TB, and normal weight has 2.55 times have the prevalence ratio getting TB than obese people. The Additional food program for TB patients whose weight is thin in the age group >18 years.

Social Support to Reduce Disease-Related Stigma: Lesson Learned from Corona Virus Disease-19

Stigma associated with COVID-19 is intense. One of the factors that can help in reducing stigma is social support. This research aims to explore stigma, efforts to deal with stigma, and support for people diagnosed with COVID-19. The research design is qualitative research using phenomenological approach and analyzed using thematic content analysis. Data collection was carried out in July-August 2020 through telephone interviews with eleven positive COVID-19 informants. Of the eleven informants who were COVID-19 positive, eight of them experienced stigma. Nonetheless, both stigmatized and non-stigmatized informants received social support. Friends and family are the main sources of support for stigmatized informants. Meanwhile, for non-stigmatized informants, the main support was obtained from the community. The results showed that social support can reduce or even eliminate stigma. The social support that comes from the community is the most influential in reducing stigma. From this research, public support is more efficient compared to individual support. When the community provides support together, the risk of stigma can be reduced. The results of this study can be used to prevent stigmatizing behavior by strengthening social support, especially community support.

Function of Production, Capital, Labor and Government Policy in The Coal Mining Sector - Case Study of an Indonesian Coal Mining Company

This study aims to determine the effect of labor, capital, and government policies on coal output and the scale of coal business results of PT Indo Tambangraya Megah Tbk. The new thing from this research is the Cobb-Douglas production function which usually uses labor and capital variables, but in this study, it has been expanded by adding policy variable in the form of Law No. 4 of 2009 regarding Mineral and Coal Mining, which is not yet present in other studies. The research method is linear regression using the Cobb-Douglas model function. The results showed that labor did not significantly influence coal production. Capital has a significant effect on model 2 and policy has a significant effect on model 3. The coal mining business of PT Indo Tambangraya Megah Tbk is in decreasing return to scale because if the three variables are combined, it will be worth -0.24. This condition occurs because the additional output produced is smaller than the additional input (δ% output <δ% input).