scholarly journals Different Combinations of Butchery and Vegetable Wastes on Growth Performance, Chemical-Nutritional Characteristics and Oxidative Status of Black Soldier Fly Growing Larvae

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3515
Author(s):  
Nicola Francesco Addeo ◽  
Simone Vozzo ◽  
Giulia Secci ◽  
Vincenzo Mastellone ◽  
Giovanni Piccolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Vegetable Diet ◽  
Lower Protein ◽  
Vegetable Wastes ◽  
High Level

Hermetia illucens larvae (five days old) were farmed on broiler feed (control diet), a vegetable diet (V100), a 50% of vegetable diet + 50% of butchery wastes (V50 + B50), and a 75% of vegetable diet + 25% of butchery wastes (V75 + B25) to evaluate their suitability. Ten kilograms of substrate and 6000 larvae composed each replicate (nine per group). Larvae were weighed and measured every two days until the 25% developed into prepupae. Larval mortality and growing indexes were calculated. Substrates, larvae, and frass chemical composition were analyzed. Larvae oxidative status and stability were measured in hemolymph and body. The V100 larvae showed the lowest live weight, length, thickness, and growth rate but had low mortality rate and high substrate reduction index and protein conversion ratio. The V100 larvae had similar protein to and lower lipids than the control ones, while the V50 + B50 and V75 + B25 larvae contained higher lipids and lower protein than the others. Despite the vegetable wastes, at different levels, the reactive oxygen species content decreased in hemolymph, and the V100 diet depressed growth performance and should be avoided. The use of butchery wastes combined with vegetable ingredients can be a suitable alternative to balance the high level of lipid and the low content of protein.

scholarly journals Effects of amino acid biomass or feed-grade amino acids on growth performance of growing swine and poultry12

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Madie R Wensley ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Joel M Derouchey ◽  
Steve S Dritz ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Poultry Diets ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract Three experiments were conducted to determine the effect of three fermented amino acids (AA) with their respective biomass compared to crystalline AA on the growth performance of swine and poultry. In experiment 1, 315 barrows (DNA 200 × 400, initially 11.3 ± 0.69 kg) were allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments with 5 pigs per pen and 15 or 16 pens per treatment. Dietary treatments included a negative control (16% standardized ileal digestible [SID] Tryptophan:lysine [Trp:Lys] ratio), positive control (21% SID Trp:Lys ratio from crystalline Trp), or diets containing Trp with biomass to provide 21 or 23.5% SID Trp:Lys ratios, respectively. Pigs fed the positive control or low Trp with biomass diet had increased (P < 0.05) ADG compared to pigs fed the negative control diet, with pigs fed the high Trp with biomass diet intermediate. Pigs fed the low Trp with biomass diet had increased (P < 0.05) G:F compared to the negative control diet, with others intermediate. In experiment 2, 1,320 1-d-old male broilers (Cobb 500, initially 45.2 g) were allotted to one of four dietary treatments with 33 birds per pen and 10 pens per treatment. Dietary treatments included a negative control (58/58% Threonine:lysine [Thr:Lys] ratio), positive control (65/66% Thr:Lys ratio from crystalline Thr), or diets containing Thr with biomass to provide 65/66 or 69/70% Thr:Lys ratios in starter and grower diets, respectively. Broilers fed the positive control or Thr with biomass diets had increased (P < 0.05) ADG compared to broilers fed the negative control diet. Broilers fed the positive control or the low Thr with biomass diet had increased (P < 0.05) G:F compared to the negative control and high Thr with biomass treatments. In experiment 3, 2,100 one-day-old male broilers (Cobb 500, initially 39.4 g) were allotted to one of four dietary treatments with 35 birds per pen and 15 pens per treatment. Dietary treatments included a negative control (59/63% Valine:lysine [Val:Lys] ratio), positive control (75/76% Val:Lys ratio from crystalline Val), or diets containing Val with biomass to provide 75/76 or 84/83% Val:Lys ratios in starter and grower diets, respectively. Broilers fed the positive control or Val with biomass diets had increased (P < 0.05) ADG, ADFI, and G:F compared to those fed the negative control diet. In conclusion, Trp, Thr, or Val with their respective biomass appear to be equally bioavailable and a suitable alternative to crystalline AA in swine and poultry diets.

The influence of nutrition in early life on growth and development of the pig 3. Effects of energy intake prior and subsequent to 10 kg on growth and development to 30 kg live weight

1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Campbell ◽  
A. C. Dunkin
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Level ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

ABSTRACT1. Forty-two piglets were used to study the effects of a low, medium or high level of energy intake (1·0, 1·4 and 1·9 MJ gross energy per kg W0·75 per day respectively) from 1·8 to 10 kg live weight and a low or high level of energy intake (1·4 and 1·8 MJ digestible energy per kg W075 per day respectively) subsequent to 10 kg live weight on growth performance, body composition and the cellularity of muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue to 30 kg live weight. During both live-weight periods all pigs received the same daily intake of crude protein.2. Raising energy intake in the period prior to 10 kg live weight increased (P < 0·-05) growth rate, body fat content and fat cell size but reduced food conversion efficiency, body protein and water (P < 0·05) and muscle deoxyribonucleic acid. These effects on body composition and muscle deoxyribonucleic acid at 10 kg live weight were still evident at 30 kg live weight.3. Subsequent to 10 kg live weight, pigs previously given the lowest energy intake deposited protein and fat at a faster rate and exhibited more rapid and efficient growth (P < 0·05) than pigs previously given the high energy intake.4. At 30 kg live weight pigs given the two higher levels of energy intake before 10 kg live weight contained less deoxyribonucleic acid (P < 0·05) in subcutaneous adipose tissue and had larger (P < 0·05) fat cells than those given the lowest energy intake before 10 kg live weight.5. The effects of energy intake subsequent to 10 kg live weight on growth performance, body composition and the cellularity of muscle and adipose tissue were qualitatively the same as those for the period 1·8 to 10 kg live weight.

Effect of dietary bacterial protein or L-tryptophan supplementation on welfare and growth performance in silver fox

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilde Faaland Schøyen ◽  
Kirsti Rouvinen-Watt ◽  
Erik Höglund ◽  
K. Peter Stone ◽  
Anders Skrede
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Bacterial Protein ◽  
Protein Meal ◽  
Silver Fox ◽  
Fur Quality ◽  
Behavioural Tests ◽  
High Level

The suitability of bacterial protein meal as a feed ingredient in silver fox diets was examined in an experiment comprising 72 juvenile silver foxes. Bacterial protein meal has a high content of tryptophan, which is the precursor for the neurotransmitter serotonin. The biological hypothesis on which this study was premised was that increased brain serotonin production reduces the fear response, which may lead to better welfare and performance through lower energy expenditure related to fear-induced defensive responses. The effect of substituting 15% fish meal with bacterial protein meal was measured by two behavioural tests, growth performance and fur quality, by comparison with a control diet and a diet supplemented with a high level of synthetic tryptophan. The welfare of the foxes fed the diet supplemented with synthetic tryptophan was considered to be improved, as they used shorter time to approach feed in the presence of a person; thus displayed less fear, than the other two groups after treatment. Weight gain of the foxes during 55 d did not differ among diets, and feed consumption was similar. Live grading of the foxes showed that the dietary treatments did not affect fur quality (P > 0.05). It is concluded that 15% bacterial protein meal can replace fish meal in dry silver fox diets and that a large supplement of tryptophan reduces fear of silver foxes kept in cages. Key words: Bacterial protein meal, tryptophan, serotonin, silver fox, welfare, performance

Amino acid requirements of growing pigs 2. Identification of the limiting amino acid(s) in a low-protein diet supplemented with lysine

1981 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Taylor ◽  
D. J. A. Cole ◽  
D. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Limiting Amino Acid

ABSTRACTA basal diet containing 120 g crude protein per kg and 9g lysine per kg, and previously shown to be limiting in one or more essential amino acids and/or non-essential nitrogen, was examined. It was fed either alone to growing female pigs from 25 kg to 55 kg live weight or in combination with four supplements of synthetic amino acids each containing three out of isoleucine, methionine, threonine and tryptophan. A control diet containing 140 g crude protein per kg and 9g lysine per kg was also included. Blood samples were collected at 40 kg live weight in order to examine the influence of dietary treatments on blood metabolites. Results for growth performance, carcass composition and blood urea indicated that threonine was the first limiting amino acid in the basal diet. Plasma free amino acids gave no clear trend. Growth performance and carcass composition were unaffected by supplementation of the diet with glycine indicating that the dietary supply of non-essential nitrogen was adequate.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary inclusion levels of mechanically extracted neem seed cake on performance of young rabbits

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-239
Author(s):  
G.S. Bawa ◽  
M. Orunmuyi ◽  
O.A. Onabanjo
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Young Rabbit ◽  
Neem Seed ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Seed Cake

A feeding trial lasting 56 days was conducted using forty (40) weaned rabbits of mixed breeds with uncrage initial live weight of 669+20g to determine the effect of dietary inclusion levels of mechanically extracted neem seed cake on their performance and carcass characteristics. The animals were assigned lo five treatments based on their initial live weight and ser. There were eight individually caged rabbits per treatment. The diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous (20% CP). The control diet was based on maize and soybean meal. The neem seed cake was included at 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% levels. Feed and wuler were offered ad libitum. Weekly feed intake and body weight changes were determined and feed efficiency calculated. At the end of the 56-day experiment, 5 rabbits per treatment were removed and slaughtered for carcass evaluation. The results showed that rabbits fed the 10 or 20% dietary levels of mechanically extracted neem seed cake hud growth performance and carcass characteristics that were statistically comparable (P>0.05) to those fed soybean meal (control) diet. Further increase in the dietary inclusion levels of the neem seed cake up to 30 or 40% resulted in significantly (P<0.05) depressed growth performance. The results favour the use of mechanically extracted neem seed cake in young rabbit diet up to the level of 20%. 

Carcass and meat quality of rabbits given diets having a high level of vegetable or animal fat

1997 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pla ◽  
C. Cervera
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
Animal Fat ◽  
Colour Parameters ◽  
High Level ◽  
Vegetable Fat

AbstractThree groups of does were fed respectively with three experimental diets: control (C), vegetable fat enriched (V) and animal fat enriched (A). Also their offspring were given their respective diets from weaning to slaughter. C was a standard commercial diet, V had 99 g vegetable fat per kg, and A had 114 g animal fat per kg. Sixty animals in the live-weight range 1·75 to 2·25 kg from each group were slaughtered at 9 weeks of age. The rabbits came from a commercial three-way cross. Animals on diets A and V had a better food conversion efficiency ratio, a lower drip loss and a dressing yield substantially better than those given diet C. Males had higher food conversion rate and smaller dressing yield. Carcass colour was not affected by the diet but rabbits given diet V showed less pale meat. Differences in the three colour parameters were found for the three diets for hot and chilled carcass fat colour. Muscular pH measured in the longissimus dorsi and biceps femoris were slightly higher for diets A and V and were also higher for males than for females. Water-holding capacity of raw meat from rabbits given diets A and V was higher than from rabbits given the control diet. Protein and moisture content of the meat of a hind leg was almost the same for the three diets but fat content was much higher in animals given diets A and V than in the control group.

A note on the growth and carcass characteristics of castrated male pigs fed on a ration containing diethylstilboestrol and methyltestosterone

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Effect On Growth

SUMMARYA control diet was compared with a diet containing 2 mg diethylstil-boestrol (DES) plus 2 mg methyltestosterone (MT) per kg air-dry feed, the hormone treatment extending either from 20 to 84 kg live weight or from 50 to 84 kg live weight. The experiment contained 20 blocks, each of 3 littermate castrated male pigs individually penned and fed to a restricted scale. Hormone supplementation had no effect on growth performance and significantly affected car-cass characteristics only when given for the longer period. Killing-out percentage, backfat thickness and percentage subcutaneous fat plus skin in the gammon joint were reduced and carcass length, percentage bone and percentage lean in the gammon joint were increased when the supplement was given over the longer period.

scholarly journals Influence of dietary inclusion of phytobiotics on growth performance, carcass and organ weight of broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-38
Author(s):  
W. A. Olayemi ◽  
G. A. Williams ◽  
O.P. Olatidoye ◽  
E.O. Omofunmilola
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Organ Weight ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Tetrapleura Tetraptera

This study investigated the dietary inclusion effect of three Phytobiotics: Syzygium aromaticum (Cloves), Piper nigrum (Black pepper) and Tetrapleura tetraptera (Prekese) on performance, carcass traits and organ weight of broile rchickens. Two hundred-day old unsexed broilers were used for the study. The birds were allotted on weight equalization basis to four dietary treatments (T1, T2, T3 and T4) in Completely Randomized Design. Each treatment was replicated five times with 10 birds per replicate. Four experimental diets were formulated for each of starter and finisher phase respectively. Control diet (T1) with no phytogenic inclusion while T2, T3 and T4 were formulated with inclusion of 1% Syzygium aromaticum (Cloves), Piper nigrum (Black pepper) and Tetrapleura tetraptera (Prekese) respectively; and the experiment lasted for 8 weeks (4weeks for each phase). Feed intake, Weight gained and Feed conversion ratio were measured at starter and finisher phases while carcass and organ weight measurements were carried out at the end of finisher phase. Dietary inclusion of phytogenics recorded similar (P>0.05) values of growth performance parameters at starter phase whereas a significant ((P<0.05) effect were observed on weight gain, FCR, Live weight and plucked weight at finisher phase. It was observed that inclusion of cloves had improvement on final weight (FW), weight gain (WG) and FCR with higher (P<0.05) plucked weight.

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Lactobacillus Plantarum P8 on the Growth Performance, Intestinal Health and Microbiota in Eimeria-infected Broilers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Wang ◽  
Xiaoguo Lv ◽  
Xuemin Li ◽  
Jinshan Zhao ◽  
Kai Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background: Coccidiosis is one of the major parasitic diseases in the commercial broiler industry. Probiotics can protect poultry against Eimeria infection. However, the mechanisms are not fully known. Therefore, Lactobacillus plantarum P8 (P8) was used to investigate its anti-coccidial property and mechanism.Methods: Five hundred broilers were allocated to five treatments: control diet (NC), control diet + Eimeria infection (IC), control diet containing 1 × 107 cfu/g P8 + Eimeria infection (P8L), control diet containing 1 × 108 cfu/g P8 + Eimeria infection (P8H), and control diet + Eimeria infection + Diclazuril (DIC). At day 14, all treatments except NC were inoculated with sporulated oocysts. Results: Eimeria infection increased the mortality and oocysts shedding, and declined the growth performance as well as the intestinal barrier in Eimeria-treated broilers. On the contrary, dietary supplementation of low level P8, high level P8 and DIC decreased the mortality and oocysts shedding, but improved the growth performance and intestinal barrier. The impaired intestinal morphology in the IC group was also improved by P8H and DIC treatments. Besides, the elevated oxidative stress and pro-inflammation in Eimeria-infected broilers were reduced by P8L, P8H and DIC treatments. Metagenomic analysis indicated P8 altered the structure of the gut microbiota, and the alteration was more obvious at day 21 than day 42. Notably, IC also increased the abundances of Eimeriidae, Eimeria and Eimeria tenella at day 21, while P8L and DIC decreased the abundances. Correlation analysis revealed that bacteria in Eimeria-treated broilers positively correlated with the intestinal permeability, oxidative stress and inflammation, while bacteria in broilers receiving P8L and DIC negatively correlated with the aforementioned pathological indices. Functional prediction demonstrated that the metagenomes of Eimeria-infected broilers were involved in several diseases. But the metagenomes of P8L-treated broilers were involved in energy metabolism and replication repair. Conclusions: Dietary P8 supplementation inhibited oocyst shedding and improved the growth performance as well as the intestinal health of broilers infected with Eimeria, which was closely related to the regulation of gut microbiota. Moreover, the effects of P8 may be more effective in the early infection of coccidia.

scholarly journals The effects of instant noodles waste in diets for broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-106
Author(s):  
A. O. Lala ◽  
A. O. Oso ◽  
A. O. Fafiolu ◽  
A. M. Bamigbose ◽  
D. Eruvbetine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Instant Noodles

The effects of instant noodles waste (INW) as a replacement for maize was investigated using 144 day-old, unsexed broiler chicks of Anak strain which were randomly assigned into four dietary treatment groups of 36 birds each. Each dietary treatment group had 3 replicates of 12 broilers per replicate. These four different diets were fed, in which INW replaced maize at 0% (control), 10, 20 and 30% from day old to 8 weeks of age. The growth performance, nutrient digestibility, haematological parameters and carcass traits of the chickens were evaluated. Average final live from 1559.44 g to 1730.91g with broilers fed control diet and 30% INW diet recording the highest and least values respectively among the treatments. Broilers fed the 30 % INW had lower (P< 0.05) live weight. Broilers fed INW based diets had higher blood profile comparable to the control. The results indicated that INW can replace up to 20% of broiler starter diet and 30% replacement of maize at the finisher phase without adverse effects on growth performance of the broilers.  

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