Reducing the Environmental Hazard of Spent Cleaning Masses from the Production of Acetylene Carbide

Methods of reducing the environmental hazard during storage of spent cleaning masses formed in the production of acetylene by the wet method are considered. The optimal conditions for the process of neutralizing the waste of the cleaning mass accumulating at the stage of trapping phosphine and hydrogen sulfide in the process of obtaining acetylene by the carbide method have been established. Ways of regeneration of a solid carrier included in the composition of cleaning masses are proposed. The possibility of secondary use of the regenerated solid support — expanded pearlite — has been investigated. A scheme for the neutralization of wastes from the production of carbide acetylene is presented. Methods for restoring the absorption capacity of a solid carrier are proposed. The prospect of using partially regenerated waste from the stage of washing soluble compounds containing sparingly soluble phosphates for mulching soils and increasing the influx of an important biogenic element for plant nutrition and growth is shown.

Formulation and evaluation of raloxifene hydrochloride dry emulsion tablet using solid carrier adsorption technique

Aim: The present study focused on the development of a dry emulsion tablet of raloxifene hydrochloride (RXF) using a solid carrier adsorption technique to enhance oral bioavailability. Methods: An oil-in-water emulsion was formulated and converted into dry powder using HPMC K4M plus Aerosil 200, then compressed into tablets. Results: The prepared emulsion was evaluated for globule size, drug content and zeta potential. In vitro release study revealed significantly higher release from emulsion. The prepared tablets possessed acceptable hardness, friability, weight variation, disintegration time, thickness, etc. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies indicated a more than sevenfold increase in oral bioavailability. Stability studies indicated good physical and chemical stability of the developed formulation. Conclusion: The authors successfully formulated dry emulsion tablets with enhanced oral bioavailability.

SMEDDS TABLET: COMPATABILITY OF SOLID SMEDDS USING VARIOUS PHARMACEUTICAL TABLET EXCIPIENTS

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>There are many successful products on the market which are the culmination of the self-micro-emulsification lipid technology applications. Despite the importance of lipid-based formulations, these systems have some limitations including; stability, complexity during large scale manufacturing process and limited dosage forms to such as soft gelatin capsule. In order to overcome these limitations, the prospect of converting self-micro-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) into tablet dosage form was investigated in this study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A self-micro-emulsifying oil formulation representing type III A lipid class composed of glycerox 767HC/croduret 40 ss at ratios of (80/20) was converted into solid SMEDDS using solid carrier adsorption method. Powder blends containing magnesium trisilicate hydrate (MTSH) or magnesium lluminum silicate (MAS) at various oil loading factors were mixed with MCC with and without various binders and compressed into tablets using a fixed loading force of approximately of 5 KN. Hardness profiles of these oil loaded tablets were then analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Powder compacts which contained MTSH with and without SMEDDS oil had shown relatively better compaction properties than MAS. Adding SMEDDS oil solution to either MTSH or MAS at ratios of 1:9 has relatively reduced tablets hardness by almost 2 or 4 folds, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Progressive inclusion of increasing amounts of SMEDDS oil solution adsorbed unto the solid carrier has incurred a further reduction in the hardness of SMEDDS tablets. It appears that manufacturing of tablet SMEDDS can only be attainable for highly potent drugs as minimal amounts of oil solution added to the powder blends can adversely affect the mechanical strength of compressed tablet.</p>

Application of mixture experimental design in formulation and characterization of solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems containing carbamazepine

One of the problems with orally used drugs is their poor solubility, which can be overcame by creating solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS). Aim is choosing appropriate SNEDDS using mixture design and adsorption of SNEDDS on a solid carrier to improve the dissolution rate of carbamazepine. Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) consisting of oil phase (caprilic-capric triglycerides), a surfactant (Polisorbat 80 and Labrasol? (1:1)) and cosurfactant (Transcutol? HP) are formed by applying mixture design. 16 formulations were formulated, where proportion of lipids, surfactant and cosurfactant were varied (input parameters) in the following ranges: 10-30%, 40-60%, 30-50%, respectively. After dilution of SEDDS with water (90% water), the droplet size and polydispersity index (PdI) of the obtained emulsions (output parameters) were measured using photon correlation spectroscopy. After processing data, appropriate mathematical models that describe the dependence of input and output parameters were selected. The optimized SNEDDS was adsorbed on the carbamazepine and solid carrier physical mixture, containing 20% carbamazepine. Neusilin? UFl2, Neusilin? FL2, Sylysia? 320, diatomite were used as the carriers. The ratio of SNEDDS:carrier varied (1:1, 2:1). Dissolution testing was carried out in the rotation paddles apparatus. Caracterization of solid SNEDDS was performed using the hot stage microscopy (HSM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared spectrophotometry with Fourier transformation (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (PXRD). Selected SNEDDS consisting of lipids (21.12%), surfactant (42.24%) and cosurfactant (36.64%) had a droplet size 157.02?34.09 nm and PDI 0.184?0.021. Drug release profiles showed that in all formulations dissolution rate increased (the fastest drug release was observed in formulations with Sylysia? 320). It can be concluded that in all formulations carbamazepine is present in the thermodynamically most stable polymorphic form III. Formulation of solid SNEDDS can significantly increase dissolution rate carbamazepine, with conservation of the polymorphic form III CBZ and potentially increased bioavailability.