PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAINING OF EMPLOYEES OF THE EMERGENCY RESCUE SQUAD

In the article the authors analyze the theoretical approaches to the concept of "psychological preparation"; highlight the features of the organization and the content of psychological training of employees of the rescue squad. The results of the study on the implementation of the program of psychological training of employees of the emergency rescue squad "We are professionals in our field" are presented.

Edukasi Persiapan Persalinan Pada Pasangan Hamil Dalam Menyambut Persalinan Minim Trauma

ABSTRAK Psikologis ibu dalam hal ini kecemasan dapat mempengaruhi kemajuan persalinan. Edukasi persalinan dilakukan untuk mempersiapkan ibu dalam menghadapi persalinan secara fisik dan khususnya persiapan psikologis. Edukasi dianggap cara terbaik dalam mempersiapkan persalinan. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu hamil dan pasangannya di PMB Jeanne Kota Depok. Metode yang digunakan adalah presentasi dan simulasi pada kelas ibu hamil, dilakukan juga variasi kegiatan secara outdoor dan indoor agar penyampaian lebih menarik. Hasil dari kegiatan ini efektif, terlihat antusias peserta dalam mengajukan pertanyaan. Peserta edukasi menyatakan lebih siap dan mengerti dalam menghadapi persalinan. Diharapkan kelas edukasi dapat dilaksanakan secara periodik sehingga lebih banyak lagi pasangan yang teredukasi dan siap menghadapi kehamilan dan persalinan dengan nyaman dan minim trauma. Kata kunci: kehamilan; pendidikan saat hamil; edukasi persalinan ABSTRACT Psychologically, in this case, anxiety can affect the progress of labor. Childbirth education is carried out to prepare mothers for physical delivery and especially psychological preparation. Education is considered the best way to prepare for labor. This activity aims to increase knowledge of pregnant couples at PMB Jeanne Depok City. The methods used are presentations and class simulations for pregnant women, as well as a variety of outdoor and indoor activities so that the delivery was more interesting. The results of this activity were effective, it was seen that the participants were enthusiastic in asking questions. Educational participants were more prepared and understanding in dealing with childbirth. It is hoped that education classes can be carried out periodically so that more couples are educated and ready to face pregnancy and childbirth comfortably and with minimal trauma. Keywords: pregnancy; education during pregnancy; childbirth education

Feasibility of a Multimodal Prehabilitation Program in Patients Undergoing Cytoreductive Surgery for Advanced Ovarian Cancer: a Pilot Study

Purpose The feasibility and effects of multimodal prehabilitation in patients with advanced ovarian cancer (AOC) undergoing a cytoreductive surgery are unknown. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a multimodal prehabilitation program in patients with AOC and its impact on postoperative outcomes.Methods We prospectively compared 15 patients with AOC stage scheduled to undergo a citorreductive surgery between December 2019 and January 2021 after a multimodal prehabilitation program consisting of supervised exercise training, nutritional optimization and psychological preparation versus a control cohort of 19 patients matched according to clinical and surgical characteristics who underwent surgery without prehabilitation between January 2018 and November 2019. In both groups, the enhanced recovery after surgery guidelines were followed. We analyzed adherence to the program, comprehensive complication index (CCI), hospital length of stay, and time to starting chemotherapy. Results Overall adherence to the multimodal prehabilitation program was 80%, with 86.7% adherence to exercise training, 100% adherence to nutritional optimization, and 80% adherence to psychological preparation. Median hospital stay was shorter in the prehabilitation cohort [5 days (IQR, 4-6) vs. 7 days (IQR,5-9) in the control cohort, p=0.04]. CCI score in the prehabilitation cohort was 9.3 (SD 12.12) vs. 16.61 (SD 16.89) in the control cohort, p=0.2. Median time to starting chemotherapy was shorter in the prehabilitation cohort compared to control cohort [25 days (IQR, 23-25) vs. 35 days (IQR 28-45), p=0.03]. Conclusion Multimodal prehabilitation is feasible and safe in patients with AOC. This study found significantly shorter hospital stays and time to starting chemotherapy in the multimodal prehabilitation cohort.

185 THE EFFECT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL PREPARATION ON THE LEVEL OF ANXIETY BEFORE UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY

Anxiety is one of the problems in patients undergoing invasive procedures. One way to control anxiety is through psychological preparation. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of psychological preparation on anxiety level in patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Methods The present study consisted of 98 patients which were referred to Ahvaz Golestan Hospital for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. They were randomly (table of random numbers) divided into a control group and an experimental group. All of the participants filled out Spielberg State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The experimental group was psychologically prepared for endoscopy (given information about endoscopy and behavioural intervention), and then both groups were asked to complete STAI again an hour before endoscopy. The collected data were analysed through Mann–Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and Chi-square tests using SPSS 17.0. Results Before the intervention was carried out, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the rate of state and trait anxiety (p > 0.05). After the intervention, the rate of state and trait anxiety decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in experimental group. Conclusion In patients subjected to endoscopy, psychological preparation was effective in reducing their anxiety and thus this can be considered as an efficient method in decreasing anxiety.

Psychological preparation for dental treatment in children: A randomized clinical study

Objective: to evaluate the psychological preparation in children submitted to dental treatment and to correlate anxiety and fear between children and their parents. Method: randomized clinical study with 26 children divided into two groups, a control group (CG) and an intervention group (IG). The randomized subjects in the IG went through psychological preparation, initially with the presentation of the office, materials and instruments, stimulating their manipulation and clarifying doubts and curiosities about the procedures. Subsequently, the instructional therapeutic toy (ITT) technique was used, first with the story telling “Tigger goes to the dentist” and, later, the subjects dramatized the dentist's role. The CG received the usual treatment at the clinic, based on the talk-show-do technique. Data were collected using two questionnaires, the Children’s Fear Survery Schedule Dental Subscale applied to children, and the CORAH scale applied to parents, both pre and post the procedure. Results: the IG initially presented an average in the anxiety and fear score of 29.1% and after the intervention of 21.5%, demonstrating statistical significance, the CG before the procedure obtained 27.3% and subsequently 23.2%. The classification of the level of anxiety decreased significantly in both groups, comparing the moments before and after, resulting in 88.5% with low level of anxiety and 11.5% with average level. There was no significant correlation between children's anxiety with their parents. Conclusions: it is evident that there are interdisciplinary strategies that reveal more humane paths in the production of health and education and the intervention of psychological preparation and ITT can be applied in other health environments.

Psychological intervention to enhance the volitional quality of perseverance in athletes with hearing impairment

The work addresses a topic of great importance for the development of the sprinter which constitutes one of the areas of Athletics, the king of sports. The Santiago de Cuba Province has provided excellent athletes, of which the Academia de Santiago de Cuba category 14 - 15 (school) stand out; due to the results achieved in national competitions despite the shortcomings detected in their psychological preparation, considering it necessary to improve the process of training volitional qualities with a view to the conscious preparation of athletes and the responsibility assumed when having to win demanding training loads. The objective pursued with this research is the development of an intervention plan to enhance the quality of volitional perseverance in athletes with hearing impairment. As a result, intervention activities are provided that integrate the psychological with the practical, thus establishing the dialectical unit to achieve the development of individual qualities during the development of training.

Autogenic training and how to use it

In the article on the basis of analysis of literature and research results psychological preparation of sportsmen turns out to the competitions, influence of ideomotor act (appearances of nervous impulses, providing motion, as soon as there is an idea about him), visualization of presentations, modern state of the use of the autogenic training. Maintenance of term is determined "autogenic training", its basic kinds over are brought, substantive provisions that must provide educating to the autogenic training are given. The types of mental images, how and when it act, their use and effectiveness, bases of training of creation of the clear controlled mental images, are examined. The creation of mental images in combination with practical exercises has proven to be an effective method of mastering and training movement skills, technique, tactics and increases the effect of traditionally used strength training. Examples of the use of mental images by outstanding athletes are given. In the article marked the uses of methods of the autogenic training for adjusting of mental condition of sportsmen and removal of surplus psychical tension before competitions and during their realization (it can be used in different stress situations a man gets in that). This process is built on the use of the information got experience and transformation of her in expressive characters. The use of suggestion before competitions helps a sportsman to pay attention and "influence the actions". Autogenic training, international and foreign experience is analyzed, which will help to be used by student youth in various life situations.

Human Interactions Affecting the Psychological Preparation of Airline Pilots

Aim: The purpose of the present study was to explain the human interactions affecting the psychological preparation of airline pilots. Methods: Qualitative approach and thematic analytical method was used to conduct this study. The study population in this research were the pilots of an airline company in Tehran in 2019. In order to gather the necessary data, pilots were selected through purposive sampling criteria. Then, semi-structured interviews were conducted with each pilot and this process continued until theoretical saturation was reached. In this study, a total of 10 pilots were interviewed and the obtained data were classified and coded. Results: The analysis of the findings led to the identification of the influences of human interactions on the psychological preparation of pilots in the form of interactions between the flight crew, interactions between teams related to flight, and interactions outside the work environment. Interactions between the flight crew were extracted as interactions between pilots and other flight personnel and topics such as respect for the job position. Interactions between flight-related teams were inter-sectoral interactions and were identified in the form of relationships between pilots with air traffic controllers and other non-flight sectors. Finally, most of the interactions outside the work environment were related to the pilots' family issues. Conclusions: This study showed that there may be many undesirable interactions in different occupational and family areas of pilots that may lead to their psychological unpreparedness. This demonstrates the need to improve the quality of in-service training for pilots in relation to issues such as flight interactions and interactions between pilots and their families.

Repercusiones de jugar sin público en la ventaja local, las decisiones arbitrales y en los componentes del juego

La facilitación social determina que la presencia de espectadores en los eventos deportivos es un factor favorable a la hora de jugar en casa. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar la diferencia de puntos y goles en función de la presencia o ausencia de multitud, así como estudiar los posibles cambios en las decisiones arbitrales y en el estilo de juego tanto para los equipos locales como para los visitantes ante esta nueva situación generada por la pandemia del COVID-19. La muestra está conformada por los partidos jugados en la temporada 2019-2020 correspondientes a ocho ligas de fútbol europeo: Alemania, España, Italia, Inglaterra y Austria. Los resultados muestran que no hay diferencias significativas entre jugar con público o sin él, excepto en la primera categoría alemana y española. Sin embargo, se observa un aumento en los componentes defensivos y una reducción en los ofensivos en los equipos que juegan en casa sin espectadores. Como consecuencia, también hay cambios en las decisiones de los árbitros quienes asignaron menos faltas y tarjetas para los visitantes, excepto en ambas categorías alemanas y en la austriaca. Estos hallazgos no respaldan de manera generalizada la teoría de la facilitación social, pero sí su relación con la agresividad en los jugadores locales e incluso con las decisiones arbitrales. Las posibles implicaciones conducen especialmente a la preparación psicológica y entrenamiento táctico tanto de jugadores como de árbitros para afrontar encuentros sin público en los estadios. Social facilitation determines that the presence of spectators at sporting events is a favorable factor when playing at home. The objective of this research is to analyze the difference in points and goals according to the presence or absence of a crowd, as well as to study the possible changes in refereeing decisions and in the style of playing for both local teams and visitors to this new situation generated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample is made up of the games played in the 2019th-2020th season corresponding to eight European football leagues: Germany, Spain, Italy, England and Austria. The results show that there are no significant differences between playing with or without the public, except in the first German and Spanish categories. However, an increase in defensive components and a reduction in offense are observed in teams that played at home without spectators. As a consequence, there are also changes in the referees’ decisions who called fewer fouls and cards for the visitors, except in both the German and Austrian categories. These findings do not support the theory of social facilitation in a generalized way, but they do support its relationship with aggressiveness in local players and even with referee’s decisions. The possible implications lead especially to the psychological preparation and tactical training of both players and referees to face matches without an audience in the stadiums. A facilitação social determina que a presença de espectadores em eventos esportivos seja um fator favorável para jogar em casa. O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar a diferença de pontos e gols em função da presença ou ausência de torcida, bem como estudar as possíveis mudanças nas decisões de arbitragem e no estilo de jogo das equipes locais e dos visitantes deste. nova situação gerada pela pandemia COVID-19. A amostra é composta pelos jogos disputados na temporada 2019-2020 correspondentes a oito ligas europeias de futebol: Alemanha, Espanha, Itália, Inglaterra e Áustria. Os resultados mostram que não há diferenças significativas entre jogar com ou sem público, exceto nas primeiras categorias alemã e espanhola. Porém, verifica-se um aumento dos componentes defensivos e uma redução do ataque em equipas que jogam em casa sem espectadores. Como consequência, há também mudanças nas decisões dos árbitros que atribuíram menos faltas e cartões aos visitantes, exceto nas categorias alemã e austríaca. Esses achados não apóiam a teoria da facilitação social de forma generalizada, mas apóiam sua relação com a agressividade dos jogadores locais e até mesmo com as decisões do árbitro. As possíveis implicações levam principalmente à preparação psicológica e ao treinamento tático de jogadores e árbitros para enfrentar jogos sem público nos estádios.