Towards a pedagogy of reconciliation and transformation: A peace education through art initiative in response to 26/11

The 26/11 Mumbai attacks in India severely impacted the already strained Indo–Pak political relations and fuelled prejudice against the common people of Pakistan. Since the attacks, Indian people have found various expressions of collective memory and ways to commemorate the incident. While these serve as a remembrance of the attack, it also reinforces negative attitudes towards Pakistan and its people, hindering any prospects of peace and reconciliation. This article describes a peace education through art initiative implemented in a high school in Mumbai. It draws from a synergy of theoretical concepts in peace, reconciliation and conflict transformation for its curricular framework that has three inquiry processes: Examine–Envision–Envisage. This article describes the implementation and outcomes of the initiative that support the value of an integrated peace- and reconciliation-focused art education pedagogy aimed at promoting reconciliation in relation to ongoing/intractable conflicts. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of addressing negative emotions inherent in ongoing conflicts and how empathy might contribute towards reducing prejudice towards the ‘Other’.

TIC como herramientas didácticas para el profesorado de educación física en la formación reglada utilizando el modelo Flipped Classroom

ICTs are tools present in our life's areas, the rise of which has led to their introduction in the educational curriculum and in teaching as a key and indispensable part of it. Thanks to scientific advancement, performance measurement devices are becoming more frequent and easy to use by professionals in physical activity and sports. Therefore, the present work aims to make a didactic proposal based on the use of ICT as a methodological strategy and tool for assessing and implementing training programs within the curricular framework of the educational stage Professional Training of the Higher Technician in Physical Conditioning. This proposal will consist of seven sessions for the subject of "Assessment of the physical condition and intervention in accidents" where they will handle digital tools that favor developing their objectives and skills and integration into the professional market. Las TIC son una herramienta presente en todos los ámbitos de nuestra vida, cuyo auge ha provocado su introducción en el currículum educativo y en las enseñanzas como una pieza clave e indispensable del mismo. Gracias al avance científico, el uso de dispositivos para la medición del rendimiento es cada vez más frecuente y fácil de usar por parte de profesionales de la actividad física y del deporte. Por eso, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo realizar una propuesta didáctica basada en el uso de las TIC como estrategia metodológica y herramienta para la valoración y realización de programas de entrenamiento dentro del marco curricular de la etapa educativa Formación Profesional del Técnico Superior en Acondicionamiento Físico. Esta propuesta estará compuesta por siete sesiones para la asignatura de “Valoración de la condición Física e intervención en accidentes” donde manejarán herramientas digitales que favorezcan el desarrollo de sus objetivos y competencias e integración en el mercado profesional.

Broadening learning communities during COVID-19: developing a curricular framework for telemedicine education in neurology

Background In response to the cancellation of clinical clerkships due to COVID-19, the Johns Hopkins (JH) Neurology Education Team developed a virtual elective to enhance medical students’ clinical telemedicine skills and foster community between academic institutions. Methods This two-week clinical elective, entitled “Virtual Patient Rounds in Neurology,” was administered once in April 2020 and once in May 2020. The curriculum included attending/fellow-led Virtual Rounds, Student Presentations, and Asynchronous Educational Activities. We also developed a new lecture series entitled JHNeuroChats, which consisted of live synchronous lectures presented by JH faculty and Virtual Visiting Professors. Trainees and faculty from outside institutions were invited to participate in the JHNeuroChats. Students and faculty completed pre- and post-elective surveys to assess the educational impact of the elective. Student’s t-tests were used to compare scores between pre- and post-elective surveys. Results Seven JH medical students enrolled in each iteration of the elective, and an additional 337 trainees and faculty, representing 14 different countries, registered for the JHNeuroChats. We hosted 48 unique JHNeuroChats, 32 (66.7%) of which were led by invited Virtual Visiting Professors. At the end of the elective, students reported increased confidence in virtually obtaining a history (P < 0.0001) and performing a telehealth neurological physical exam (P < 0.0001), compared to the start of the course. In addition, faculty members reported increased confidence in teaching clinical medicine virtually, although these findings were not statistically significant (P = 0.15). Conclusions Despite the constraints imposed by COVID-19, this virtual Neurology elective increased medical students’ confidence in certain telemedicine skills and successfully broadened our learning community to encompass learners from around the world. As virtual medical education becomes more prevalent, it is important that we are intentional in creating opportunities for shared learning across institutions. We believe that this elective can serve as a model for these future educational collaborations.

Teaching and Training Surgeons in Robotic Colorectal Surgery

Robotic surgery is becoming more popular among practicing physicians as a new modality with improved visualization and mobility (1–2). As patients also desire minimally invasive procedures with quicker recoveries, there is a desire for new surgical residents and fellows to pursue robotic techniques in training (3–4). To develop a new colorectal robotics training program, an institution needs a well-formulated plan for the trainees and mentors with realistic expectations. The development of a robotics training program has potential obstacles, including increased initial cost, longer operative times, and overcoming learning curves. We have devised a four-phase training protocol for residents in colorectal surgical fellowship. Each of these phases attempts to create a curricular framework that outlines logical progression and sets expectations for trainees, Program Directors, and residency faculty. Phase zero begins prior to fellowship and is preparatory. Phase one focuses on an introduction to robotics with learning bedside console troubleshooting and simulation exercises. Phase Two prioritizes operative experience and safety while completing steps independently in a progressive fashion. Phase Three polishes the resident prior to graduation for future practice. We recommend frequent evaluation and open-mindedness while establishing a focused robotics program. The end goal is to graduate fellows with an equivalency certificate who can continue to practice colorectal robotic surgery.

Development of Learning Objectives for a Medical Assistance in Dying Curriculum for Family Medicine Residency

Background Medical assistance in dying (MAID) became legal across Canada when Bill C-14 was passed in 2016. Currently, little is known about the most effective strategies for providing MAID education, and the importance of integrating MAID into existing curricula. In this study, a set of learning objectives (LOs) was developed to inform a foundational MAID curriculum in Canadian Family Medicine (FM) residency training programs. Methods Mixed-methods were used to develop LOs based on a previously-published needs assessment from a large, four-site family medicine residency program in southeastern Ontario. Draft LOs were evaluated and modified using a modified Delphi process and focus group which included faculty and resident leaders. LOs were mapped to the existing family medicine residency curriculum, as well as the College of Family Physicians of Canada’s Priority Topics and CanMEDS-Family Medicine roles. Results Nine LOs were developed to provide a foundational education regarding MAID. While all LOs could be mapped to the Domains of Clinical Care with the departmental curriculum, they mapped inconsistently to departmental Entrustable Professional Activities, the Priority Topics, and CanMEDS-FM roles. LOs focused on patient education and identification of patient goals were most readily mapped to existing curricular framework, while LOs with MAID-exclusive content revealed gaps in the current curriculum. Conclusions The developed LOs provide a guide to ensure family medicine residents obtain generalist-level knowledge to counsel their patients about MAID. These LOs can serve as a model for developing learning objectives for both family medicine and specialist residency programs in Canada, as well as globally in countries where assisted dying is legal.

Using dual language picturebooks with children in an after school club

Dual language picturebooks use more than one language in the text of the book. There is increasing literature showing the potential of such books to support language learning, and recent studies explore their use in classrooms to raise awareness of multilingualism. This article describes the ways in which dual language picturebooks were used in an after school club of 8-11 year olds in a Latinx neighbourhood in Arizona. Over a six week period an inquiry cycle was used as a curricular framework for exploring dual language picturebooks featuring both familiar and unfamiliar languages for the children. Findings showed the importance of providing time for connection with the books, followed by demonstrations or readings of the picturebooks, and the importance of invitations for the children to explore ideas from the picturebooks. The article provides guidelines for using dual language picturebooks in classrooms, and ends with a provocation suggesting that bilingual picturebooks are not necessarily only for bilingual children.

Mathematics and School Reform in India

Initial efforts toward reform in mathematics education in India evolved out of a more general concern for educational reforms as they assumed a pivotal role in the agenda of modernization and development after independence. Mathematics as a foundational aspect of science and technology assumed a privileged status with recommendations to keep up with developments in technologically advanced countries. This led to the creation of an unduly loaded curriculum with little attention to children’s cognitive and developmental capacities and other more social and humane aspects of a well-rounded education. The early decades after independence were largely focused on providing access, and other than the rhetoric of equality and quality and overarching recommendations, little investment was made into researching the more nuanced aspects of learning and teaching and the social implications of schooling. Several important national commissions and two major policies put forward important recommendations for reform in mathematics education with suggestions for both curriculum and pedagogy. The early decades after independence saw a greater commitment to higher education, especially in the sciences and technology, and this began to shape the school curriculum, with mathematics as a major concern. Although critiques of the system were never totally absent, efforts at intervention in schools and at the ground level were initially made by smaller groups and nongovernmental organizations (NGOS), and then also nationally and regionally, to transform processes of schooling and learning with a focus on the learner rather than the content alone. A particularly large and comprehensive national effort at reforming school education in all subject areas was the National Curricular Framework, coordinated and initiated by the National Council of Educational Research and Training in 2005. This was a radical attempt at framing an alternative idea of schooling and learning, focused on the child, but with an acute awareness of the larger social, economic, and political structures within which schools, classrooms, teachers, and students are implicated.

Pedagogical Approaches and Instructional Variations: A Comparative Curriculum Analysis of Master Translation Programs in China, Hong Kong and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

The study examines the underlying curriculum for translation training, pedagogies that integrate translation in the curriculum, teaching practice, and universities' approaches from Saudi Arabia, China and Hong Kong. Consideration of these issues in a curricular framework must also acknowledge the ideological potential of curricula themselves to prioritise individual relationships between the learner and society, relationships which arc investigated from the perspective of a socially situated view of the translator. The purpose of the study is to offer deep scientific apprehension of the explication of translation expertise in terms of learning translation methods, concepts and the intricacy of certain aspects of teaching. The results reveal that traditional language methodology with unprofessional trainers and teachers are the fundamental concerns in this regard, and it requires to rethought translation method and practice in the Chinese affairs and ordinary circumstances. The findings of the manifest study disparities all-around three cases somewhat due to regional circumstances and departmental differences, but are mainly because of discrete notions of the implementation of translation method and practice of theoretical concepts. Translation teaching research informs the training of all-around translators and interpreters and contributes to the growth of translation studies as a discipline.

(Post-)colonial Myths in German History Textbooks, 1989–2015

This article examines the evolution of textbook representations of colonialism in two North Rhine-Westphalian textbook series for the Sekundarstufe II since 1989. On the one hand, the article shows that the developing post-colonial discourse in the German public debate had a particularly strong impact on schoolbooks in the mid-2000s. Textbooks reacted quickly to changes in the public debate and have increasingly attempted to deconstruct colonial narratives. However, implicit mental conceptions of African “backwardness” continue to exert some influence even on today’s textbook generation. On the other hand, the article identifies the distortions that appear when colonialism as a global phenomenon is discussed within a curricular framework that focuses on national and European history. Because of the close curricular link between High Imperialism and World War I, textbooks strongly focus on the global rivalry of the European powers, whereas other aspects of colonialism come up short.