Extensional and Intensional Semantics of Bounded and Unbounded Nondeterminism

We give extensional and intensional characterizations of functional programs with nondeterminism: as structure preserving functions between biorders, and as nondeterministic sequential algorithms on ordered concrete data structures which compute them. A fundamental result establishes that these extensional and intensional representations are equivalent, by showing how to construct the unique sequential algorithm which computes a given monotone and stable function, and describing the conditions on sequential algorithms which correspond to continuity with respect to each order. We illustrate by defining may-testing and must-testing denotational semantics for sequential functional languages with bounded and unbounded choice operators. We prove that these are computationally adequate, despite the non-continuity of the must-testing semantics of unbounded nondeterminism. In the bounded case, we prove that our continuous models are fully abstract with respect to may-testing and must-testing by identifying a simple universal type, which may also form the basis for models of the untyped {\lambda}-calculus. In the unbounded case we observe that our model contains computable functions which are not denoted by terms, by identifying a further "weak continuity" property of the definable elements, and use this to establish that it is not fully abstract.

Shear-Wave Elastography Variability Analysis and Relation with Kidney Allograft Dysfunction: A Single-Center Study

Shear-wave elastography (SWE) showed the absence or presence of significant differences among stable kidney allograft function and allograft dysfunction. We evaluated the variability of kidney allograft stiffness in relation to allograft dysfunction, respectively, in terms of a correlation of stiffness with patients’ characteristics. A single-center prospective study on patients who had undergone renal transplantation was conducted between October 2017 and November 2018. Patients were clinically classified as having a stable allograft function or allograft dysfunction. SWE examinations performed by the same radiologist with a LOGIQ E9 were evaluated. Ten measurements were done for Young’s modulus (kPa) at the level of allograft cortex and another ten at the level of medulla. Eighty-three SWE examinations from 63 patients, 69 stable allografts, and 14 allografts with dysfunction were included in the analysis. The intra-examinations stiffness showed high variability, with the quantile covariation coefficient ranging from 2.21% to 45.04%. The inter-examinations stiffness showed heterogeneity (from 28.66% to 42.38%). The kidney allograft cortex stiffness showed significantly higher values in cases with dysfunction (median = 28.70 kPa, interquartile range (IQR) = (25.68–31.98) kPa) as compared to those with stable function (median = 20.99 kPa, interquartile range = (16.08–27.68) kPa; p-value = 0.0142). Allograft tissue stiffness (both cortex and medulla) was significantly negatively correlated with body mass index (−0.44, p-value < 0.0001 for allograft cortex and −0.42, p-value = 0.0001 for allograft medulla), and positively correlated with Proteinuria/Creatinuria ratio (0.33, p-value = 0.0021 for allograft cortex and 0.28, p-value = 0.0105 for allograft medulla) but remained statistically significant only in cases with stable function. The cortical tissue stiffness proved significantly higher values for patients with allograft dysfunction as compared to patients with stable function, but to evolve as an additional tool for the evaluation of patients with a kidney transplant and to change the clinical practice, more extensive studies are needed.

Pth moment input-to-state stability of stochastic impulsive switched delayed systems

This paper investigates the pth moment input-to-state stability (ISS) and the pth moment integral input-to-state stability (iISS) of stochastic impulsive switched delayed system with delayed impulses. By employing the method of multiple Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals and the uniformly exponentially stable function, some relaxed Krasovskii-type sufficient conditions ensuring the pISS/piISS of the addressed systems are developed. These conditions imply the relationship among the impulsive frequency, the time delay existing in impulses, and the coefficients of the estimated upper bound for the derivative of a Lyapunov function. It is shown that if the continuous stochastic delayed dynamics is ISS, and the impulsive effects are destabilizing, then the stochastic impulsive switched delayed system is ISS with respect to the relationship. Compared with the existing results, the conditions obtained results have three relaxations, that is, the derivative of Lyapunov functions of subsystems are allowed to be sign-changing time-varying function rather than a negative definite constant, all subsystems are allowed to be unstable, and the effect of delayed impulses are considered. Finally, an example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the results.

Bone and joint injuries of the wrist and forearm

The forearm is a complex quadrilateral structure linked by the proximal and distal radioulnar joints, ligaments, which include the interosseous membrane and triangular cartilage, and several obliquely orientated muscles. A displaced fracture or ligament rupture within this forearm is likely to involve other structures. Treatment requires anatomic recovery of stable function. The ulnar corner can sustain fractures or ligament ruptures which affect stable, pain-free, congruous forearm rotation. The distal radius may fracture after high- or low-energy trauma; anatomic reduction may not be essential in all; inaccuracy may lead to loss of rotation and ulnocarpal abutment but long-term arthritis is unusual. Children’s fractures are managed with consideration of remodeling potential. The scaphoid is vulnerable to non-union; plaster immobilization, early percutaneous fixation, and later bone-grafting all have roles. Salvage for osteoarthritic non-union may reduce pain but compromises function. Rupture of the carpal ligaments may cause substantial disruption and require complex reconstruction.

Cryo-injury in algae and the implications this has to the conservation of micro-algae

As with all products and processes exploiting biological materials algal biotechnology has an absolute requirement for stable, function-fulfilling master stockcultures. Conventionally microalgae and cyanobacteria are maintained by serial transfer with inocula (2.5-25% v/v) being transferred to fresh medium and the culture being held under controlled environmental conditions. This method is satisfactory for many algal taxa, but by its nature cannot provide an absolute guarantee of phenotypic or genotypic stability. Cryopreservation at ultra-low temperatures (> -130oC) is the only methodology that can provide this level of security to master stock-cultures; however, many algae are recalcitrant to cryopreservation with low or no survival. This review explores the reasons of this cryo-recalcitrance on the application of conventional colligative, two-step cryopreservation protocols and points towards the options available to enhance postcryopreservation viability.

Development of Dynamic Load Strength Test Machine Based on Automotive BIW

The dynamic load strength test of automotive BIW is an important parameter for vehicle passive safety, but different test standards, different test requirements, which caused much trouble to the test authority. To solve the shortcomings of the traditional machines, such as low automation, poor universality and weak ability of data processing, this paper designs a new test machine for the dynamic load strength trials of automotive BIW on the basis of three typical standards. The test results indicated that this test machine embodies the characteristic of easy operation, stable function, and wide suitability, which improves the measurement accuracy and efficiency, at the same time, solves the problem of the database construction.

« On dit pas Je veux ! »

Because of its syntactic, semantic and cognitive complexity, the French morphology for tense, aspect and modality is acquired slowly and gradually by children, from the moment they are born until their adolescence. The least frequent forms in adult language are acquired later. In order to understand how these forms are memorized, handled and produced by children in dialogue, we focus our study on the use of a rare form: the French conditional. We present two French children’s first uses of verbal constructions in the conditional between the ages of 1;00 and 6;11. Four periods can be distinguished during the acquisition process beginning with the production of a unique form with a stable function and ending with the use of different forms with a variety of functions. Adult language plays a very different role depending on the child’s age. After a period during which the children replicate the most frequent adult forms, both children construct different forms with various functions in a more creative manner with occasional non-standard productions. The adult form/function associations are finally reactivated and non-standard forms progressively disappear from the data.

Design of Remote Monitoring System of Temperature and Humidity Based on Internet of Things Technology

Design a things related technology based on remote monitoring system of temperature and humidity, sampling using SHT10 digital temperature and humidity sensors, temperature and humidity variables, and data transmission through the RS485 serial bus interface, using AVR kernel 8 bit chip for processing, resulting in a host computer display temperature and humidity changes, the indoor multi node the environment through the test, system has stable function, good display data change, relatively low cost advantages.