Component assembly for determination of elastomeric vulcanizate frictions

This article deals with the design and assembly of a component for determining the frictional properties of elastomeric vulcanizates. The component was design for a universal tensile machine, without needed of intervention to itself machine. The purpose of the work was designing a component in software SolidWorks and its subsequent assembly, as well as individual testing of frictional properties of selected specimens of elastomeric vulcanizates. Before of individual testing, the elastomer blends have to be vulcanised in the form of a block with a constant 16 mm height to ensure the same spring pressure on the specimens in the component. Then, by using rotary knife is from prepared vulcanizate cut a sample with 16 mm diameter. Result from friction properties measurement of samples is force needed to start of movement (shear) of sample over particular type of surface as well as graphical dependence of force (N) on movement of track (mm). From the graphical dependence, it is possible to determine the decrease or increase the force depending on the individual sections of the trajectory.

Research of hydrodynamics of gas flow filtration through a stationary layer of crushed cotton stalks (wild cotton)

The object of this research is the hydrodynamics of the stationary layer of crushed cotton stalks. One of the most problematic areas is the influence of the physical and mechanical characteristics of the stationary layer of crushed cotton stalks on the hydrodynamics of filtration drying. In the course of research, methods of physical and mathematical modeling are used. Sieve analysis is used to determine the granulometric composition of the polydisperse mixture of crushed cotton stalks. The granulometric composition of the crushed stalks of cotton is determined and the graphical dependence of the percentage of each fraction is presented. The hydrodynamics of gas flow filtration through a stationary layer of crushed cotton stalks are experimentally investigated, and a graphical dependence of pressure losses on the fictitious rate of gas flow filtration is presented. It is found that pressure losses in the stationary layer of crushed cotton stalks are parabolic, which indicates the influence of both inertial and viscous components on pressure losses. The unknown coefficients of the modified Ergun equation are determined on the basis of experimental data. The correlation dependence between the experimental and theoretically calculated values is presented and it is shown that the maximum relative error is 9.6 %, which is quite acceptable for practical calculations. The results of experimental studies are also presented in the form of a graphical dependence of the Euler number on the Reynolds number. Based on the generalization of the experimental data, the calculated dependences are obtained in the form of dimensionless complexes, which describe the hydrodynamics of the gas flow filtration through a stationary layer of crushed cotton stalks. This makes it possible to predict the energy costs for creating a differential pressure, with an accuracy sufficient for practical calculations. The ratio of the experimental values of pressure losses to the theoretically calculated ones, depending on the Reynolds number, is graphically presented. It is shown that the maximum relative error does not exceed 8 %. The proposed generalizations of experimental data will make it possible to determine the energy consumption for creating a pressure drop at the design stage of the drying equipment, as well as to calculate the optimal process parameters and predict its economic feasibility.

Regression analysis of the influence of auger surface hardness on its wear during dehydration of solid waste in a garbage truck

The article is dedicated to the study of the influence of the surface hardness of the auger on its wear during dehydration of solid waste in the garbage truck. Using the method of regression analysis, the logarithmic dependencies of auger wear depending on the hardness of its surface for different values of the friction path are determined. Graphical dependences of augur wear depending on the hardness of its surface for different values of the friction path are made up, and it confirms sufficient convergence of the obtained dependencies. Carried out additional regression analysis allowed to obtain the dependence of wear of the auger depending on the hardness of its surface and the friction path, which showed that during two weeks of operation and wear of the auger during dehydration of solid waste in the garbage truck increasing the surface hardness of the auger from 2310 MPa to 10050 MPa reducing the rate of growth of energy consumption of solid waste dehydration from 16.7 % to 1.5 %, and, consequently, to reduce the cost of the process of their dehydration in the garbage truck. The graphical dependence of the reduction of energy consumption of dehydration of solid household waste due to the increase in the hardness of the auger surface during its two-week wear is presented. It was established the expediency of further research to determine the rational material of the auger and ways to increase its wear resistance

Semantic Graphical Dependence Parsing Model in Improving English Teaching Abilities

It is a very difficult problem to achieve high-order functionality for graphical dependency parsing without growing decoding difficulties. To solve this problem, this article offers a way for Semantic Graphical Dependence Parsing Model (SGDPM) with a language-dependency model and a beam search to represent high-order functions for computer applications. The first approach is to scan a large amount of unnoticed data using a baseline parser. It will build auto-parsed data to create the Language-dependence Model (LDM). The LDM is based on a set of new features during beam search decoding, where it will incorporate the LDM features into the parsing model and utilize the features in parsing models of bilingual text. Our approach has main benefits, which include rich high-order features that are described given the large size and the additional large crude corpus for increasing the difficulty of decoding. Further, SGDPM has been evaluated using the suggested method for parsing tasks of mono-parsing text and bi-parsing text to carry out experiments on the English and Chinese data in the mono-parsing text function using computer applications. Experimental results show that the most accurate Chinese data is obtained with the best known English data systems and their comparable accuracy. Furthermore, the lab-scale experiments on the Chinese/General bilingual information in the bitext parsing process outperform the best recorded existing solutions.

THE INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL IMPURITIES AND MECHANOCHEMICAL ACTIVATION ON THE RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF COAL-WATER SUSPENSIONS

It is shown that the use of water-coal fuel mixtures as an energy resource in the production of heat and electric energy can not only significantly expand the resource base of the heat and power industry, but also improve the environmental performance of coal combustion on heat power equipment. One of the main problems of using coalwater fuel is its high viscosity, which complicates the processes of pumping and spraying during combustion. Optimization of the viscosity and other rheological properties of these fuel mixtures is achieved by adding chemical reagents-plasticizers. The experimental studies of the effect on the rheological properties of coal-water fuel mixtures of the use in the process of their production of plasticizers of various origins and modes of mechanochemical activation (grinding of the dispersed phase) have been carried out. For the research, plasticizing reagents were selected, which are used in various technologies for the preparation of water-coal fuel mixtures, and new reagents have been proposed. It was concluded that triethylamine has an advantage in use due to its effectiveness and relatively low cost. In this regard, a study of changes in the rheological properties of coal-water fuel with the addition of this reagent-plasticizer in the range from 0,5 to 3% of the total mass of the fuel mixture was carried out. The graphical dependence of the viscosity of coal-water fuel on the concentration of triethylamine has been obtained. An intensive decrease in fuel viscosity (from 0,95 to 0,8 Pa · s) was revealed in the range of additive concentrations of 0,5-1,0%. The study of the influence of the duration of hydrocavitation mechanochemical activation on the rheological properties of coal-water fuel has been carried out. A graphical dependence of the change in the viscosity of coal-water fuel on the duration of mechanochemical activation, which is characterized by a significant minimum of viscosity at the level of processing duration equal to 60 s, has beenobtained. Keywords: coal-water fuel, mechanochemical activation, plasticizing reagents, dynamic viscosity. Corresponding author V.A. Goman, e-mail: [email protected]

Kinematic characteristics of the car movement from the top to the calculation point of the marshalling hump

Introduce analytical acceleration formulas that are derived from the classic d'Alembert principle of theoretical mechanics for high-speed sections and sections of retarder positions; show the possibility of determining the instantaneous car speeds in each section of the marshalling hump according to the formulas of elementary physics both for high-speed sections and for sections of retarder positions; provide formulas for determining the time of movement of a car with uniformly accelerated and/or uniformly retarded motion of the car on the inclined part of the hump, as well as in areas of retarder positions. Research methods: The classic d'Alembert principle of theoretical mechanics is widely used in the paper. Main results: For the first time, the results of constructing a graphical dependence of the estimated height of the marshalling hump over the entire length of its profile are presented in the form of a decrease in the profile height of each section of the inclined part in proportion to the slope of the track. The results of constructing graphical dependences on changes in the speed and time of movement of a car along the entire length of the inclined part of the marshalling hump are fundamentally different from the existing methodology, where, for example, curves of medium (rather than instantaneous) speeds of a car are built. The proposed new methodology for calculating the kinematic characteristics of the car movement along the entire length of the hump allows an analysis of the mode of shunting car at the marshalling humps.

Modeling of acetylene synthesis process in ChemCAD and features of SCADA connection using OPC technology

The article examines the features of constructing mathematical models in modern universal modeling programs and their further use using OPC technology in control systems for processes of chemical technology based on SCADA systems. The objective is to study the features of information exchange using OPC technology between the universal ChemCAD simulator and the modern SCADA system TRACE-MODE 6 using the example of a mathematical model of a kinetic reactor for the synthesis of acetylene. To achieve this goal, a mathematical model of a kinetic reactor for the synthesis of acetylene based on a model of a continuous stirring reactor has been developed in the ChemCAD simulation software environment. The reactor was tuned and the parameters of material flows were experimentally selected. A study of the process of synthesis of acetylene was carried out according to a mathematical model, a graphical dependence of the yield of acetylene on temperature was obtained and its analysis was carried out, according to the results of which the temperature providing the maximum yield of acetylene was established. With the help of OPC technology, information exchange between the model and the control system of the acetylene synthesis process is carried out, which is based on the modern SCADA system TRACE-MODE 6. A graphical dependence is obtained describing the transient process of the system through the acetylene output channel when using a PID controller and perturbing with a change in the task. The analysis of the transient process revealed the absence of transport lag, which is explained by the calculated nature of the control object and is impossible for a real technological process. To solve the problem, an experiment was carried out, according to the results of which a method for emulating transport lag using the functionality of the information channels of the SCADA system was proposed. The graph of the transient process of the system through the acetylene outlet channel was obtained, which confirms the effectiveness of the proposed method of emulation of transport delay when using external calculation models in SCADA systems. Keywords: mathematical modeling, universal modeling programs, OPC, control systems, SCADA-based control, TRACE-MODE, ChemCAD.

Results of Experimental Research of Granular Materials Transportation by Tubular Scraper Conveyors

A full factor experiment (FFE33) of transporting bulk materials by a tubular scraper conveyor on a curved track was conducted. There were derived the regression equation dependencies of production and torque on pipe diameter, fill factor and linear velocity. The graphical dependence of production and torque on the above-mentioned factors was constructed, and regression coefficients for different materials were determined.