New Set of Invariant Quaternion Krawtchouk Moments for Color Image Representation and Recognition

One of the most often used techniques to represent color images is quaternion algebra. This study introduces the quaternion Krawtchouk moments, QKrMs, as a new set of moments to represent color images. Krawtchouk moments (KrMs) represent one type of discrete moments. QKrMs use traditional Krawtchouk moments of each color channel to describe color images. This new set of moments is defined by using orthogonal polynomials called the Krawtchouk polynomials. The stability against the translation, rotation, and scaling transformations for QKrMs is discussed. The performance of the proposed QKrMs is evaluated against other discrete quaternion moments for image reconstruction capability, toughness against various types of noise, invariance to similarity transformations, color face image recognition, and CPU elapsed times.

Landscapes and Memory

Broadly, landscapes can be considered terrains of connectivity. Landscapes encompass wild, cultivated, urban, feral, and fallow spaces, as well as the human and nonhuman entities who inhabit and shape them. Memory refers to the past as it exists in the present, bridging temporally discrete moments through the intentional or unintentional act of remembering. Memory studies, from the view of anthropology, include explorations of individual forms of remembrance, as well as the collective, heterogenous ways of marking, interpreting, and erasing the past. Taken together, landscapes and memory co-constitute one another: landscapes store, depict, and evoke memories while memories recall, revise, and shape landscapes. Knowledge and power are inevitably wrapped up in the relationship, and anthropologists have investigated the manifest ways such forces emerge through human acts of cultivation, commemoration, nostalgia, and forgetting. Because landscapes and memory appear in both physical and immaterial forms, the social constructs, cultural expressions, and human and nonhuman relationships on which they are based generate rich material for anthropological study. While landscape and memory are surely topics independently worthy of study, undertaking the two in tandem elucidates the intertwining threads that bind together space and time; such studies interrogate realms of personal meaning and political power while simultaneously highlighting dynamic processes of adaptation, improvisation, and erasure.

Responsabilidad personal docente y motivación escolar

El artículo tiene como propósito analizar las representaciones acerca de la responsabilidad personal docente en la motivación escolar. Participaron del estudio profesores en formación y en ejercicio de Educación primaria (n=773) de la Región de la Araucanía, Chile. A partir de un análisis de cluster se identificaron cuatro perfiles distintos, en donde esta responsabilidad se asume como propia o compartida y donde la motivación escolar es representada como algo continuo o como un momento acotado de la clase. Los resultados muestran que habría un desplazamiento de la responsabilidad docente hacia la familia, en torno a la motivación escolar, cuando se ejerce efectivamente la profesión. Además, los profesores en ejercicio tenderían concebir la motivación escolar como un momento acotado y de responsabilidad compartida; mientras que los futuros profesores participan significativamente más del perfil en donde la motivación es un proceso continuo y de responsabilidad del docente. Dado que el profesor es el agente que con mejores herramientas debería ser capaz de dar sentido y motivar el aprendizaje escolar, urge generar estrategias para que esta responsabilidad sea asumida de manera contundente por el propio profesor y como un proceso, más allá de un momento específico de la clase. This article analyzes self-reports of teacher perceptions regarding personal responsibility in school motivation. Participants were teachers-in-training and those currently working in Primary Education (n=773) in the Araucanía Region, Chile. Four different profiles were identified from cluster analysis, where responsibility was seen as personal, or shared; and where school motivation was represented as continuous, or discrete. Results show that respondents tend to place responsibility for school motivation within the family for the most effective exercise of the profession. For practicing teachers, school motivation tended to be conceived of as discrete moments, of shared responsibility; while future teachers were significantly more likely to see motivation as a continuous process, of personal (teacher) responsibility. Given that teachers have the educational tools and opportunity to most effectively motivate school learning, it is urgent to generate strategies where responsibility is robustly assumed by teachers themselves; and as a continuous process beyond a specific moment in the classroom.

PECULIARITIES OF SETTING THE VALUE OF THE METRIC APPLICABLE TO IDENTIFY THE SIMILARITY OF VESSEL ROUTES IN THE LIGHTING SYSTEM

The information component of the modern model of border protection in the maritime area is implemented using the integrated information and telecommunication system of the Marine Guard "Gart-12". The use of this system allows to obtain information about the current position of ships, port of departure and port of destination, type of cargo and other additional data. When choosing a vessel in the surface lighting system, it is possible to view the previous points of its route, obtained at certain discrete moments of time. The latter is necessary to establish possible signs of violation of the rules of the border regime by violators of border legislation. In this case, the visualization of the route is carried out using a linear approximation, and a possible violation of the rules of the border regime is established by comparing the route of an individual vessel and a cluster of routes connecting the departure and destination of the vessel. However, the use of linear approximation in the formation of a continuous approximation route of the vessel is questionable and unconfirmed. The influence of the type of approximation in the construction of a continuous route of the vessel through a set of discrete points of the vessel's location at fixed moments of time on the value of the metric used to establish the similarity of the route of two different vessels is investigated. The study involved: the formalization of the studied problem; analysis of the possibility of using linear, piecewise-square approximation, approximation using Lagrange interpolation polynomial and Newton's interpolation polynomial, as well as spline interpolation for its solution; calculation of metrics to establish the degree of similarity of ship routes; testing the hypothesis about the feasibility of applying a linear approximation based on a comparison of the results using different approximation methods. Software-algorithmic implementation of the solution of the researched problem, carried out by the authors, allows to automate the process of hypothesis testing and is the basis for further study of the influence of the type of approximation on the shape of the ship route cluster.

Introduction

This chapter presents an overview of the evolution of Bollywood, in its historical context, and lays out the logic of using a long durée narrative. It also presents snapshots of the four discrete moments in which commercial cinema production in India overcomes stagnation of the market by reinventing itself: the growth of Indian sound cinema in the 1930s, the popularity of the nationalist social genre in the 1950s, the advent of the action genre in the 1970s, and the globalization of Hindi cinema into Bollywood.

THEORETICAL STUDY OF HEAT CONDUCTION IN MULTI-LAYER SPHERICAL BODY WITH PHASE TRANSFORMATION IN LAYERS

The objective of the study is to build a simple yet informative mathematical model that describes the heat conduction in a spherical multi-layer body with phase transformation in the layers. The numerical scheme based on the theory of Markov chains is proposed to solve this problem numerically. The radial sector of the body is divided into finite number of spherical perfectly mixed cells of different volume, which form a chain of cells. The heat exchange between the cells is described with the heat conduction matrix, the entries of which depend on the local thermo-physical properties of material in the cells (heat conduction coefficient, density, specific heat capacity). These properties can vary from one cell to another and with time. The outer cell of the chain can exchange with heat with outside environment, the temperature of which can vary with time. The state of the process is observed in discrete moments of time separated by small but finite transition duration. If the temperature of a cell reaches the value, the phase transformation begins at which, the evolution of the cell thermal and phase state is described with the corresponding kinetic equation of the phase transformation. The process of melting and solidification is used as the example to verify the qualitative predictability of the model. The graphs of temperature distribution evolution and diagrams of phase content distribution in a multi-layer spherical body are presented. The obtained results on the evolution of the thermal and phase state of the ball have no contradiction to the physical sense of the process. The proposed algorithm has very low computational time (1-3 min for one regime). The other processes of the phase transformation can be easily implemented in the model, for instance, drying, exothermic and endothermic chemical reactions, etc.