Methodology of system analysis for research of energy efficiency problems in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 62-74
Author(s):  
N. Batechko ◽  
◽  
S. Shostak ◽  
R. Bereziuk ◽  
V. Shostak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Systems Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
State Level ◽  
Price Policy ◽  
Multilevel Approach ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Increase Energy Efficiency

The results of the research on the application of a systematic approach to solving energy efficiency problems in Ukraine are presented. The reasons for restraining the level of energy efficiency are highlighted, among which are the hollowing: ineffective policy of incentives to reduce energy consumption; lack of investments and conditions for their attraction; inefficient tariff and price policy in the energy sector of the economy, non-compliance with regulations, programs of various levels and measures. The need to increase the level of energy efficiency in Ukraine is substantiated and a system analysis is proposed to solve this problem. The methodology of systems analysis is implemented using a systems approach, in particular, to the interpretation of the process of energy efficiency development as an open, nonlinear, complex system. As an element of systems analysis, the study uses a multilevel approach, which provides an opportunity to consider the object of study at different hierarchical levels: the international community, state, industry, region and individual. It is noted that in order to successfully develop the progress of energy efficiency in Ukraine, it is necessary to take into account global trends and recent large-scale changes in this area. Examples of progress realization at the state level are given, in particular, implementation of a large number of legal acts, a number of stimulating measures for energy saving, etc. The importance of the sectoral level to increase energy efficiency in Ukraine is indicated. The importance of energy efficiency potential at the regional level is emphasized, which can give a significant boost to its entire economy and significantly improve the lives of the population. The importance of optimizing the process of energy efficiency at the level of various institutions is presented; as one of the options for solving this problem, it is proposed to popularize its benefits both among the population and the individual. The multilevel approach to energy efficiency in Ukraine proposed in the study presupposes an integrated combination of efforts at different levels and a synergistic effect of solving the problem. Key words: energy efficiency, system, multilevel approach

scholarly journals Digitization, Digital Twins, Blockchain, and Industry 4.0 as Elements of Management Process in Enterprises in the Energy Sector

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1885
Author(s):  
Piotr F. Borowski
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Productivity Improvement ◽  
Increase Energy Efficiency

In the 21st century, it is becoming increasingly clear that human activities and the activities of enterprises affect the environment. Therefore, it is important to learn about the methods in which companies minimize the negative effects of their activities. The article presents the steps taken and innovative actions carried out by enterprises in the energy sector. The article analyzes innovative activities undertaken and implemented by enterprises from the energy sector. The relationships between innovative strategies, including, inter alia, digitization, and Industry 4.0 solutions, in the development of companies and the achieved results concerning sustainable development and environmental impact. Digitization has far exceeded traditional productivity improvement ranges of 3–5% per year, with a clear cost improvement potential of well above 25%. Enterprises on a large scale make attempts to increase energy efficiency by implementing the state-of-the-art innovative technical and technological solutions, which increase reliability and durability (material and mechanical engineering). Digitization of energy companies allows them to reduce operating costs and increases efficiency. With digital advances, the useful life of an energy plant can be increased up to 30%. Advanced technologies, blockchain, and the use of intelligent networks enables the activation of prosumers in the electricity market. Reducing energy consumption in industry and at the same time increasing energy efficiency for which the European Union is fighting in the clean air package for all Europeans have a positive impact on environmental protection, sustainable development, and the implementation of the decarbonization program.

scholarly journals Overview: Recent advances on the understanding of the Northern Eurasian environments and of the urban air quality in China - Pan Eurasian Experiment (PEEX) program perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Lappalainen ◽  
Tuukka Petäjä ◽  
Timo Vihma ◽  
Jouni Räisänen ◽  
Alexander Baklanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Ecosystem Changes

Abstract. The Pan-Eurasian Experiment (PEEX) Science Plan, released in 2015, addressed a need for a holistic system understanding and outlined the most urgent research needs for sustainable development in the Artic-boreal region. Air quality in China and long-range transport of the atmospheric pollutants was also indicated as one of the most crucial topics of the research agenda. This paper summarizes results obtained during the last five years in the Northern Eurasian region. It also introduces recent observations on the air quality in the urban environments in China. The main regions of interest are the Russian Arctic, Northern Eurasian boreal forests (Siberia) and peatlands and on the mega cities in China. We frame our analysis against research themes introduced in 2015. We summarize recent progress in the understanding of the land – atmosphere – ocean systems feedbacks. Although the scientific knowledge in these regions has increased, there are still gaps in our understanding of large-scale climate-Earth surface interactions and feedbacks. This arises from limitations in research infrastructures and integrative data analyses, hindering a comprehensive system analysis. The fast-changing environment and ecosystem changes driven by climate change, socio-economic activities like the China Silk Road Initiative, and the global trends like urbanization further complicate such analyses. We recognize new topics with an increasing importance in the near future, such as enhancing biological sequestration capacity of greenhouse gases into forests and soils to mitigate the climate change and the socio-economic development to tackle air quality issues.

scholarly journals Looking Beyond Energy Efficiency: An Applied Review of Water Desalination Technologies and an Introduction to Capillary-Driven Desalination

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyedsaeid Ahmadvand ◽  
Behrooz Abbasi ◽  
Babak Azarfar ◽  
Mohammed Elhashimi ◽  
Xiang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Energy Localization ◽  
Capillary Action ◽  
High Salinity Water ◽  
Increase Energy Efficiency

Most notable emerging water desalination technologies and related publications, as examined by the authors, investigate opportunities to increase energy efficiency of the process. In this paper, the authors reason that improving energy efficiency is only one route to produce more cost-effective potable water with fewer emissions. In fact, the grade of energy that is used to desalinate water plays an equally important role in its economic viability and overall emission reduction. This paper provides a critical review of desalination strategies with emphasis on means of using low-grade energy rather than solely focusing on reaching the thermodynamic energy limit. Herein, it is argued that large-scale commercial desalination technologies have by-and-large reached their engineering potential. They are now mostly limited by the fundamental process design rather than process optimization, which has very limited room for improvement without foundational change to the process itself. The conventional approach toward more energy efficient water desalination is to shift from thermal technologies to reverse osmosis (RO). However, RO suffers from three fundamental issues: (1) it is very sensitive to high-salinity water, (2) it is not suitable for zero liquid discharge and is therefore environmentally challenging, and (3) it is not compatible with low-grade energy. From extensive research and review of existing commercial and lab-scale technologies, the authors propose that a fundamental shift is needed to make water desalination more affordable and economical. Future directions may include novel ideas such as taking advantage of energy localization, surficial/interfacial evaporation, and capillary action. Here, some emerging technologies are discussed along with the viability of incorporating low-grade energy and its economic consequences. Finally, a new process is discussed and characterized for water desalination driven by capillary action. The latter has great significance for using low-grade energy and its substantial potential to generate salinity/blue energy.

Overview: Recent advances on the understanding of the Northern Eurasian environments and of the urban air quality in China – Pan-Eurasian Experiment (PEEX) program perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Lappalainen ◽  
Tuukka Petaja ◽  
Timo Vihma ◽  
Jouni Raisanen ◽  
Aleksander Baklanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Research Collaboration ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
International Visibility ◽  
Art Research

<p>Pan-Eurasian Experiment (PEEX) Programme (www.atm.helsinki.fi/peex) is an asset for PEEX to have high international visibility, to attract further research collaboration and to upscale its scientific impact in various arenas. The PEEX research focus is on the northern high latitudes environments and on the transport and transformation of air pollution in China (Kulmala et al. 2015, Lappalainen et al. 2014; 2015; 2016; 2018, Vihma et al. 2019, Alekseychik et al. 2019, Kasimov et al. 2018). In 2019 PEEX started comprehensive analysis on the first results over last five years attained from the PEEX geographical domain.  The aim of the analysis is to study the state-of-the-art research outcome versus the PEEX large-scale research questions addressed by the Science Plan (Lappalainen et al. 2015). Lappalainen et al. 2021 (submitted) introduces recent observations and results from the Russian Arctic, Northern Eurasian boreal forests (Siberia) and peatlands and on the mega cities in China. We frame our analysis against research themes introduced in the the PEEX Science Plan (2015). Although the scientific knowledge in these regions has increased, there are still gaps in our understanding of large-scale climate-Earth surface interactions and feedbacks. This arises from limitations in research infrastructures and integrative data analyses, hindering a comprehensive system analysis. The fast-changing environment and ecosystem changes driven by climate change, socio-economic activities like the China Silk Road Initiative, and the global trends like urbanization further complicate such analyses. We recognize new topics with an increasing importance in the near future, such as enhancing biological sequestration capacity of greenhouse gases into forests and soils to mitigate the climate change and the socio-economic development to tackle air quality issues.</p><p> </p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Innovative development of the fuel and energy complex in the eastern regions of Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 209 ◽  
pp. 05020
Author(s):  
Alexander Sokolov ◽  
Svetlana Muzychuk ◽  
Roman Muzychuk
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Computer Tools ◽  
Increase Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Complex ◽  
Economic Regions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Regions Of Russia

The most important direction of the current stage of Russia’s development is the growth of its energy efficiency associated with the transition to innovative energy. The use of innovative technologies is an important factor influencing long-term forecasts of economic development and the fuel and energy complex (FEC), which necessitates the development of new approaches to justify the forecasts of the FEC development in Russia and its regions. Innovative development of the FEC will increase energy efficiency of the economy and improve the environment as fuel consumption will be reduced and emissions of harmful substances into the environment will be reduced. Solving this problem is important for Eastern regions, which are the most environmentally disadvantaged economic regions of Russia. This has determined the relevance of the study. The goal of the study is to determine the impact of innovative development of the fuel and energy complex on the economy of Eastern regions. Methods of research - system analysis, balance sheet, statistical methods. The authors developed a method to assess the impact of innovative development of the fuel and energy complex on the economy of the regions, created a model and computer tools.

scholarly journals System Analysis and Solution of Energy Efficiency Problems in Machine-Building Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 346 ◽  
pp. 03057
Author(s):  
A.A. Gavrilova ◽  
E.A. Matveeva ◽  
A.G. Salov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
Auxiliary Equipment ◽  
Increase Energy Efficiency ◽  
Building Enterprise ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Building Enterprises

The article discusses application of system analysis to identify and solve the problems of energy efficiency of machine-building enterprises. The increase in the efficiency of a machine-building enterprise is influenced by many factors, among which tariffs and prices for energy services have a significant impact. The increase in tariffs for these services has a direct impact on the increase in cost. Energy efficiency objectives also include: high energy capacity of products; insufficient efficiency of generation, transportation and distribution of energy resources; low reliability of power supply; insufficient volume or low reliability of information on the energy infrastructure operation. As a result of the system analysis, directions have been identified that enable one to increase energy efficiency, which leads to a decrease in the cost of production, and, consequently, to an increase in the profit of the enterprise. Directions for increasing the energy efficiency of machine-building enterprises can be identified as a result of system studies of the activities of all divisions of the main, auxiliary and service industries. The greatest effect from energy-saving measures is achieved in the process of rational energy consumption, which is advisable to implement at machine-building enterprises. Reduced production output caused by the global economic crisis that began in 2008 and the impact of the 2020-2021 pandemic have resulted in the equipment operation at reduced loads and in off-design modes, which in turn has led to the auxiliary equipment consuming almost the same amount of energy as at nominal performance. This circumstance leads to an increase in costs. A mathematical model has been developed, in which a machine-building enterprise is considered as a set of functional elements and components with a hierarchical structure of connections between them, described in the form of a ‘6-tuple’.

scholarly journals Demand-side management mechanisms in industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-195
Author(s):  
Anatoly P. Dzyuba ◽  
Irina A. Solovyeva
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Demand Side Management ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Increase Energy Efficiency ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Energy Efficiency Improvement ◽  
Improvement Programs

Intensive development of technologies that increase energy efficiency makes the global and the Russian industry consider the introduction of demand-side management mechanisms. Though demand-side management technologies in Russia are at the early stages of introduc tion, existing mechanisms of electricity and natural gas supply allow consumers to reduce their costs and result in equalization of the demand for energy across the entire energy system. The research objective is to explore the energy tariffs in the wholesale and retail markets and mecha nisms for supplying natural gas by regional contractors as well as using the commodity exchange. The authors design mechanisms for industrial consumers to choose the most efficient options to pay for energy resources using the criterion of demand-side management. The research method ology includes the theory of industrial markets and a problem-oriented approach. The authors apply analysis, synthesis, system analysis, statistical methods. Yielded results of the research into programmes on demand-side management administered in different countries enable the authors to prove that the most efficient direction for demand-side management development in Russia is economic norm setting. Within this direction the authors develop algorithms and decision-making matrices for choosing the most efficient tariff option to buy electricity and natural gas by industrial consumers. The researchers evidence the possibility of implement ing demand-side management on energy markets of Russia and provide methodological and organisational support. The findings can be helpful for industrial enterprises and government agencies developing and running their energy efficiency improvement programs.

Perspectives and Regulation of the Russian Market for Project-based Transactions under the Kyoto Protocol

2008 ◽  
pp. 108-125
Author(s):  
K. Zavodov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Market Regulation ◽  
Foreign Investments ◽  
Russian Market ◽  
Increase Energy Efficiency ◽  
New Form ◽  
Contract Structure ◽  
Carbon Fund

Project-based transactions (PBTs) are a market mechanism of attracting foreign investments in order to abate greenhouse gas emissions and increase energy efficiency of the country’s enterprises. The article provides a classification and analyzes advantages and drawbacks of PBTs from the point of view of a host country. The main trends and factors determining the dynamics of the PBT market are described. Given that Russia currently lags behind the leaders of the PBT market, an incorporation of a state carbon fund is put forward with an aim of channelling PBTs through it. This paper proposes a form of PBT market regulation by incorporating an option mechanism into the contract structure of a transaction. A comparison of the new form of regulation with the tools that are currently in use in Russia and other countries demonstrates its greater economic efficiency under uncertainty.

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