The treatment for cancer has been more widespread and new therapies appear as alternatives in the area to contain the advance of the tumor, having with the immune mechanisms one of the main sources of research and study for a possible advance in the treatment. Checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are monoclonal therapy, which act by blocking the PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4 molecules, responsible for immune control. However, among the effects caused by therapy, the use of medications is associated with neurological diseases reported as an adverse effect. Neurological complications can affect both the central and the peripheral nervous system, reaching a variety of regions and being related to effects in several diseases. In clinical practice, the report in question shows how the adverse effects of using these therapies work, collaborating with evidence on the use or not of it. This bibliographic review, which used the PUBMED database with the words "antibodies", "monoclonal", "immune control", "checkpoints inhibitors", brings the main neurological diseases associated with therapy, as well as the incidence, symptoms and treatment. Methodology: The present review used as a means of obtaining information the PUBMED platform, in which it was looking for articles using the words "" antibodies "," monoclonal "," immune control "," checkpoints inhibitors ", in addition to fulfilling the year criteria between 2010 and 2020. The language and countries in which the data were obtained were not selected, so information from articles published in several countries was used.