The Curled Up Dimension in Quasicrystals

Most quasicrystals can be generated by the cut-and-project method from higher dimensional parent lattices. In doing so they lose the periodic order their parent lattice possess, replaced with aperiodic order, due to the irrationality of the projection. However, perfect periodic order is discovered in the perpendicular space when gluing the cut window boundaries together to form a curved loop. In the case of a 1D quasicrystal projected from a 2D lattice, the irrationally sloped cut region is bounded by two parallel lines. When it is extrinsically curved into a cylinder, a line defect is found on the cylinder. Resolving this geometrical frustration removes the line defect to preserve helical paths on the cylinder. The degree of frustration is determined by the thickness of the cut window or the selected pitch of the helical paths. The frustration can be resolved by applying a shear strain to the cut-region before curving into a cylinder. This demonstrates that resolving the geometrical frustration of a topological change to a cut window can lead to preserved periodic order.

A Fast Directional Overcurrent Relay Coordination Method for Smart Grid Protection

Modern power systems are dynamic and complex. Likewise, smart grids bring opportunities for the development of protection relays, such as the ability to communicate remotely. Based on these opportunities, this paper proposes a method of coordinating directional overcurrent relays capable of quickly obtaining the optimal adjustment of the relays with each topological change in the network. The proposed methodology is applied in different cases to a test system, demonstrating its effectiveness and potential.

Circuit Breakers and Biopolitical Strategies

Taking as a starting point the challenge of containing the spread of epidemics, this article provides an oblique critique of the connections between biopolitics and contact tracing. Aligning the question of biopolitical strategies with epidemiology, the article follows the lines of continuity between containment strategies, contact-tracing technology, and circulations and networks. The uptake of mobile application surveillance by government entities to trace the spread of SARS-CoV-2 has seamlessly supplemented containment measures. Singapore's deployment of TraceTogether, an application developed by the Ministry of Health and Government Technology Agency, circumvents the use of geolocation tracking: formulating a network of infected bodies using proximity data, the population undergoes a topological change. Drawing on a tradition that acknowledges the transformative quality of technology and its implications on information societies, the article frames the enquiry within the parameters of Martin Heidegger's and Gilles Deleuze's deliberations on the ways in which technology is brought to bear on the biopolitical imaginary of a population. The technological rationality that, according to Heidegger, has gripped the entire horizon of thought is opened up for interruption wherever technology fails. In these slippages emerge spaces in which a critique of society's faults may be advanced. This article proposes a critical reading of application surveillance with a view to the biopolitical and philosophical implications of overdetermined network structures against the backdrop of contagion-related phenomena.

Integrative Proteogenomic Analyses Identify TOPs as Prognostic Markers and Therapeutic Targets in Sarcoma

Background: Soft-tissue sarcomas (STSs) are uncommon malignant tumors with varied highly aggressive and histological presentations. They comprise approximately 1% of newly diagnosed adult malignancies each year, but the sarcoma's accurate diagnosis prediction remains a challenge. TOP1/1MT/2A/2B/3A/3B were aberrantly expressed in tumors and associated with tumor progression, but the roles of the six TOP members in sarcoma in clinical trials remains uncertain.Method: Relationship between the mRNA levels of the TOPs and the clinicopathological parameters evaluated by Oncomine, GEPIA, cBioPortal, TIMER, Metascape, TCGAportal, Kaplan-Meier plotter, String, and Linkedomics. We focused on the potential mechanism of TOPs in the occurrence and development of SARC. We were investigating the prognostic value of TOPs expression in patients with SARC and correlations with clinicopathological features.Results: In patients with SARC, TOPs mRNA expression level upregulated. Increased TOP family members' expression was associated with different subtypes, FNCLCC grades, Local recurrence, DNA methylation, different miRNA clusters, and poor prognosis in SARC patients. We further found that TOPs showed distinct immune infiltration patterns, TOP gene mutation rate and that TOP somatic copy number variations were negatively related to the survival of sarcoma patients. Survival data analyzed that high transcription levels of TOPs were associated with low overall survival and disease-free survival in sarcoma. Enrichment analyses for Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) were conducted to reveal TOPs enriched in DNA topological change, Chromosome segregation, DNA, replication signaling pathway. BUB1B, CENPF, SPC25, NUF2, KNL1SGO1, RPS20, SNRPD3, and MED9 were significantly associated with TOP mutations. These Hub gene expressions in SARC were increased and were associated with unfavorable prognosis.Conclusion: The results show that multiple TOP family members are involved in the development and progression of sarcoma and suggest that TOPs can be used as potential targets for the diagnosis and treatment of sarcoma. TOP1/1MT/2A/2B/3A/3B may affect the prognosis of SARC through DNA topological change, Chromosome segregation, DNA, replication signaling pathway.

Photomechanical Molecular Crystals of an Azopyridine Derivative and Its Zinc(II) Complex: Synthesis, Crystallization and Photoinduced Motion

In this work, photomechanical molecular crystals of 4-(4-(6-Hydroxyhexyloxy) phenylazo) pyridine (6cazpy) and its zinc(II) organic complex (complex-I) were synthesized and crystallized. DSC and TGA were used to characterize and compare properties of 6cazpy and its complex-I crystals. Photoinduced motions of 6cazpy crystals and its complex-I crystals were investigated and compared by UV/Vis irradiation. Bending away motions from the light source were observed from both 6cazpy crystals and its complex-I crystals. The bending away motion was attributed to the trans-to-cis photoisomerization of azopyridine derivatives in the crystalline phase. It is worth noting that the photomechanical properties of complex-I were enhanced by the formation of the ligand, which might be caused by the looser packing of molecules inside complex-I crystal. In addition, because of the existence of ligand, which combined two photoactive groups in each complex-I molecule, the isomerization reactions of these two photoactive groups in the molecules can increase the photomechanical movement ability of the crystal. It was also found that the crystal size and shape will affect the photoinduced movement of the crystals. PXRD and AFM were used to investigate the molecular mechanism and the surface topological change upon photoisomerization. The corresponding mechanism was proposed.

Topological Climate Change

This article presents a bifurcation analysis of a simple Energy Balance Model (EBM) of the Earth’s climate, which suggests that topological change has occurred in the paleoclimate history of the Earth. In the theory of dynamical systems, two systems that are topologically equivalent have solutions with the same qualitative behavior. A change in the topological equivalence class, as parameters are varied, is called a bifurcation. Thus, a bifurcation demarcates a significant change in the behavior of the solutions of a dynamical system. If that system represents climate, then that topological change may represent an abrupt transformation of the climate, occurring even with a very small change in the forcing parameters. In this paper, the existence of a cusp bifurcation is proven in a climate EBM. The existence of this cusp bifurcation implies the co-existence of two distinct stable equilibrium climate states (bistability), as well as the existence of abrupt transitions between these two states (fold bifurcations) in the EBM. These transitions are dependent on the past history of the system (hysteresis). The two universal unfolding parameters for the cusp bifurcation have been determined as functions of the relevant physical parameters. These ideas lead to the proposal of a new explanation for the so-called warm equable climate problem of the mid-Cretaceous and early Eocene. The analysis presented here implies that the mid-Cretaceous and early Eocene climate systems are topologically equivalent to each other, but they are not topologically equivalent to the preindustrial modern climate. The transition from the warm, equable paleoclimate to today’s cooler nonequable climate occurs via fold (or saddle-node) bifurcations in the EBM, which correspond to the Eocene-Oligocene Transition (EOT) at the south pole and the Pliocene-Pleistocene Transition (PPT) at the north pole, in the paleoclimate record of Earth.