scholarly journals Towards Dialogic Metaphors of Learning – from Socialization to Authoring

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Kullenberg ◽  
Roger Säljö
Keyword(s):  
Discursive Construction ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Conceptions Of Learning ◽  
Collective Knowledge ◽  
Societal Issues ◽  
Initial Observation ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
New Thinking ◽  
Basic Argument

Abstract The background of the article is an interest in theories of learning and the metaphors of learning they build on and propagate. The basic argument is that the discursive construction of learning plays a central role in theoretical perspectives in research but also in discussions of societal issues in a wider sense. An initial observation is that current metaphors of learning oscillate between emphasizing socializing/reproductive dimensions and perspectives which foreground new-thinking transformations of existing collective knowledge; the culturally given. Hence, our aim is to explore conceptions of learning underpinning dominant theoretical perspectives as behaviorism, cognitivism, pragmatism, and various sociocultural traditions, in the light of this theoretical tension. Our conclusion is that the views of communication and learning inherent to the radical dialogic perspective on communication that stresses the unfinalizable nature of knowing, offered by Bakhtin, add to our understanding of how learning may be conceptualized in contemporary society. Such a dialogic perspective, emphasizing open-ended agency, plurality of voices, and performative potentials of creatively expressing opinions when learning from each other, offers a perspective on learning worth considering in times of diversity, unpredictable risks, and the need for critical self-reflexivity.

scholarly journals Knowledge Hiding: Current Research Status and Future Research Directions

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peixu He ◽  
Cuiling Jiang ◽  
Zhixing Xu ◽  
Chuangang Shen
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Central Research ◽  
Collective Knowledge ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Research Themes ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Hiding Behavior ◽  
Knowledge Hiding

This article provides a review of scientific articles addressing the topic of knowledge hiding in organizations. Based on a descriptive analysis, bibliometric analysis, and content analysis of a sample of 81 articles published in the academic journals in the Web of Science from 2012 to 2020, we identify the main areas and current dynamics of knowledge hiding research. Our results show that the central research themes of knowledge hiding include five clusters: concept and dimensions, antecedents, consequences, theories, and influence mechanisms. Based on our findings, we suggest future research should further develop the concept and dimensions of knowledge hiding; probe deeper into the consequences of knowledge hiding; explore multilateral, cross-level, and collective knowledge hiding; employ innovative theoretical perspectives and research methods to study knowledge hiding; and address how cultural and other contextual factors may shape the knowledge hiding behavior.

What is the “Learning” in Games-Based Learning?

2013 ◽  
pp. 221-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Orr ◽  
Carol McGuinness
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Learning Theory ◽  
Learning Theories ◽  
Conceptions Of Learning ◽  
Learning In Games ◽  
Psychological Theories ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
School Attainment ◽  
Cognitive Benefits ◽  
Collaborative Working

This chapter explores the nature of “learning” in games-based learning and the cognitive and motivational processes that might underpin that learning by drawing on psychological theories and perspectives. Firstly, changing conceptions of learning over the last few decades are reviewed. This is described in relation to the changes in formal learning theories and connections made between learning theory and GBL. Secondly, the chapter reviews empirical research on the learning outcomes that have been identified for GBL, with specific focus on cognitive benefits, school attainment, collaborative working, and the motivational and engaging appeal of games. Finally, an overview of the dominant theoretical perspectives/findings mostly associated with GBL is presented in an attempt to broaden understanding of the potential for GBL in the classroom.

Trust in Social Dilemmas

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Social Dilemmas ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Societal Issues ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Emerging Themes ◽  
Theoretical Developments

Trust is one of the most classic themes across the social and behavioral sciences. It is also a topic is that is strongly intertwined with cooperation and social dilemmas, and there is little doubt that trust is an effective tool to promote cooperation, even if cooperation without trust is possible under certain circumstances. The past decade has also increasingly revealed emerging themes, new theoretical developments, intriguing questions, and a challenging debate revolving around the evolution, as well as strengths and limitations, of trust in social dilemmas and other situations of interdependence. Major societal issues are partially issues of trust: the financial crisis and the refuge crisis are two examples. Why can systems of excessive bonuses emerge and survive? Why is it that we tend to approach individuals with a healthy dose of trust, but we tend to be suspicious of other groups—or even individual members of other groups? Some scientists make the claim that it is ultimately trust—or rather the lack of it—that undermines intergroup relations. One of the next challenges is to examine the workings of trust and how best to organize a system that exploits the opportunities of trust within groups and between groups in contemporary society. We hope this book provides a state of the art of this literature and that the themes discussed in this book will indeed turn out to be prominent ones in future research on trust in social dilemmas—whether they operate at the level of interpersonal or intergroup relations.

Musical Elaborations

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Ansdell
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Music Therapy ◽  
Music Therapists ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
New Thinking

In this article I review some of the latest books in what has been called the ‘New Musicology’. I also ask why music therapists and musicologists seem until now to have taken so little notice of each other's work, but suggest that this situation is changing. Developments in critical thinking about music represented by the ‘New Musicology’ may be of particular relevance to music therapists searching for theoretical perspectives on their work. But equally the theorists of the ‘New Musicology’ could learn much from music therapy – which can be seen in many ways as a ‘laboratory’ for new thinking about the nature of music and its place in society.

scholarly journals Mediated Skewed Diffusion of Issues Information: A Theory

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 205630511880031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bree McEwan ◽  
Christopher J. Carpenter ◽  
Jill E. Hopke
Keyword(s):  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Media Ecology ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Interpersonal Processes ◽  
Media Environment ◽  
Societal Issues ◽  
Modern Media ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
The Media

The modern media ecology has changed drastically over the last decade yet scholarly theoretical perspectives lag behind lay theories regarding news diffusion making it difficult to fully articulate and understand the processes driving dissemination of information and persuasion across networks and media contexts. The proposed theoretical framework takes into account extant research on the multiple mechanisms, specifically, cognitive ego involvement, the media environment, and interpersonal processes that operate in concert to influence the way information about societal issues is diffused through digital communication channels. The theoretical framework of mediated skewed diffusion of issues information provides 11 testable propositions. These are put forth to provide a foundation and encourage future research on information dissemination, online persuasion, and position polarization.

Postsecular Catholicism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Dillon
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
American Catholicism ◽  
Societal Issues ◽  
Women's Ordination ◽  
The Church

Amid increased secularization, there is new appreciation for the relevance of moderate religion, such as Catholicism, in redirecting the ethical commitments of contemporary society. The postsecular affirmation of the mutual significance of religious and secular resources provides the Church with a renewed opportunity for engagement with public societal issues and for institutional revitalization among Catholics. It requires, however, a dialogue between doctrinal ideas and the increasingly secularized experiences and expectations of Catholics, as well as others. This book examines how the Church negotiates this task. Anchored in the context of American Catholicism, it aims to help the reader understand why Catholicism continues to have relevance, notwithstanding its multiple tensions. Critical here is recognition of the fact that the Church is not a monolithic entity but, instead, is characterized by, and allows, a dynamic interpretive diversity among laity, bishops, and the Vatican. The book presents case analyses and survey data showing how the crosscutting pull of religious and secular currents plays out across a number of contentious societal and intra-Church issues. Among the topics examined are economic inequality, climate change, gay sexuality, divorce and remarriage, women’s ordination, and religious freedom. This inquiry demonstrates the strategies and processes by which tradition and change, authority and autonomy, and doctrinal ideas and secular realities are held together in Catholicism.

What is the “Learning” in Games-Based Learning?

2018 ◽  
pp. 611-634
Author(s):  
Karen Orr ◽  
Carol McGuinness
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Learning Theory ◽  
Learning Theories ◽  
Conceptions Of Learning ◽  
Learning In Games ◽  
Psychological Theories ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
School Attainment ◽  
Cognitive Benefits ◽  
Collaborative Working

This chapter explores the nature of “learning” in games-based learning and the cognitive and motivational processes that might underpin that learning by drawing on psychological theories and perspectives. Firstly, changing conceptions of learning over the last few decades are reviewed. This is described in relation to the changes in formal learning theories and connections made between learning theory and GBL. Secondly, the chapter reviews empirical research on the learning outcomes that have been identified for GBL, with specific focus on cognitive benefits, school attainment, collaborative working, and the motivational and engaging appeal of games. Finally, an overview of the dominant theoretical perspectives/findings mostly associated with GBL is presented in an attempt to broaden understanding of the potential for GBL in the classroom.

scholarly journals Culturally Sensitive Urban Design: The Social Construction of “Homs Dream,” Syria

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. p87
Author(s):  
Philip Black ◽  
Taki Eddin Sonbli
Keyword(s):  
Urban Design ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Culturally Sensitive ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Discursive Construction ◽  
The Social ◽  
Local Contexts ◽  
Responsive Design ◽  
New Thinking

With the proliferation of context-less designs internationally stemming from beliefs around progress, development, growth, and the idea that urban design approaches easily travel and can be replicated, this paper argues that urban design might usefully attend more carefully to the local contexts in which it is practicing. Augmenting traditional proscriptive (critiquing poor practice design) and prescriptive (suggesting best practice design) approaches with new critical thinking on culture, to deliver contextually responsive design that is also culturally sensitive. We argue more must be done to analyse and explore contexts where consensual norms around planning practice are frequently absent, such as places characterised by historically embedded cultural sensitivities; emerging out of conflict; or urban informality. This case is evidenced in an exploration of the discursive construction of ‘Homs Dream,’ a development scenario for the future of the Syrian city. The paper concludes with a challenge for urban design, in both theory and practice, to continue developing new thinking at the (dis)junction between urban form and culture.

Setting the Scene

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Bradley ◽  
Colin Haselgrove ◽  
Marc Vander Linden ◽  
Leo Webley
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Extensive Area ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Single Region ◽  
Political Cycle ◽  
Funding Cycle

In 2008, the Danish prehistorian Kristian Kristiansen considered the need for an ‘archaeology of Europe’. The article was one of a series in which he discussed intellectual developments in the discipline. His argument is directly relevant to our project. Kristiansen (2008) identified a series of changes in the practice of archaeology and, in particular, in the scale at which research has been conducted. Such changes reflected broader theoretical trends in the discipline. There was the alternation between ‘rational’ and ‘romantic’ approaches that had been identified by Andrew Sherratt (1997). It operated on a twenty-five to thirty-year cycle and extended from the nineteenth century to the present day. There was a political cycle in which prehistoric archaeology was influenced to varying extents by broader developments in contemporary society. In particular, it was coloured by different conceptions of cultural heritage, beginning with the rise of the nation-state. Finally, there was a funding cycle to which these features were closely related. At different times research was confined within modern borders, or scholars were encouraged to work in larger teams and over a more extensive area. All these trends could be illustrated by the scope of regional, national, and international journals and by the languages in which the results of the research were published. Such issues were particularly relevant to intellectual history. Kristiansen suggested that the adoption of particular theoretical perspectives was closely related to that question of scale. Approaches which looked for general patterns among prehistoric societies tended to discuss large regions, as might be expected of projects which adopted a comparative approach. They were characterized by rationalism, and in Britain, the Netherlands, and Scandinavia were influenced by American processual archaeology. At the same time the emphasis on large-scale regularities existed in a certain tension with approaches coloured by romanticism. They showed a greater concern with the practices and beliefs of individual communities and are sometimes described as post-processual. Because these different approaches were favoured at different times, it was hard to bring them into alignment, so that the work of one generation might be geographically extensive, while its successors would focus on a single region.

scholarly journals Discourses of fact-checking in Swedish news media

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amalia Juneström
Keyword(s):  
Information Literacy ◽  
News Media ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Discursive Construction ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fact Checking ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Selection Of

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine how contemporary fact-checking is discursively constructed in Swedish news media; this serves to gain insight into how this practice is understood in society.Design/methodology/approachA selection of texts on the topic of fact-checking published by two of Sweden’s largest morning newspapers is analyzed through the lens of Fairclough’s discourse theoretical framework.FindingsThree key discourses of fact-checking were identified, each of which included multiple sub-discourses. First, a discourse that has been labeled as “the affirmative discourse,” representing fact-checking as something positive, was identified. This discourse embraces ideas about fact-checking as something that, for example, strengthens democracy. Second, a contrasting discourse that has been labeled “the adverse discourse” was identified. This discourse represents fact-checking as something precarious that, for example, poses a risk to democracy. Third, a discourse labeled “the agency discourse” was identified. This discourse conveys ideas on whose responsibility it is to conduct fact-checking.Originality/valueA better understanding of the discursive construction of fact-checking provides insights into social practices pertaining to it and the expectations of its role in contemporary society. The results are relevant for journalists and professionals who engage in fact-checking and for others who have a particular interest in fact-checking, e.g. librarians and educators engaged in media and information literacy projects.

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