Doping in Sports

Elite sports requires the reasoned development and fair implementation of rules and regulations across nations K P Mohan details how doping regulations are applied and misapplied in India, underlining the disarray in sports administration. At a time when doping is threatening to isolate nations from the mainstream of Olympic sports, and Russia is struggling to shed its ‘state-sponsored’ doping image to retain its place in the world of sports, India seems unperturbed by its status as one of the leading countries in the world of doping. For three successive years from 2013, India had the dubious distinction of being number three in the world doping charts but the attempts to curb the menace have not met with desired results. The author argues, with grave evidence that India needs to devise better programmes of educating athletes and implementing regulations.

STRATEGI PEMERINTAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT SEBAGAI UPAYA PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA PANTAI MALAGA

The study was set back by a lack of participation in the development of tourism in the cities of gunungsitoli, especially those around the coast of Malaga. The study aims to learn how the gunungsitoli government's strategy in boostering community participation as an effort in developing Malaga beach tourism. The development of tourism is one of the duties and responsibilities of the government of the youth and sports tourism service. The study employs descriptive methods with a qualitative approach. The research was developed with dimensions of planning, implementation and evaluation. The research subject used in the study is the government of the youth tourism service and gunungsitoli city sports administration, the owners of Malaga beach tourism, the local community and visitors to Malaga beach attractions. The identification of the subject is using a nonsampling technique with an observsive sampling. The data-gathering techniques used were interviews, observations and documents. Based on research obtained, the government's strategy to increase community participation is the creation of a plan for development of regional tourism that involves people getting input, whether by direct or indirect socialization, and creating tools and infrastructure to optimize

Economic effect of corona pandemic on Saudi pro league football tournament (Applied in Saudi Pro League

The study aims to identify economic effects of Corona pandemic on Saudi football represented in SPL sector, and precautionary measures to reduce these effects on Saudi football. the researcher used the descriptive approach (survey studies), and the study sample was (75) academics specialists in sports administration and experts in the field of sports economics, and officials in the different sectors of SPL. There are negative effects of the Corona pandemic on the Saudi football sector, but also it has a positive impact that is to try to activate online management and virtual training, while the negative economic effects on players, administrators, clubs and the professional league’s revenues increase as the time of the pandemic continues. The Saudi footballer should have a plan to work online in case of natural disasters, and put a term in the contracts in the sports field In case of natural disasters that lead to the cancellation of a sporting event before its establishment, its postponement or non-completion, the method of termination of the contract shall be determined according to each case, with the activation of the role of online training in the association and sports clubs, and the activation of the role of electronic services.

Relationships among Leisure Physical Activity, Sedentary Lifestyle, Physical Fitness, and Happiness in Adults 65 Years or Older in Taiwan

The purpose of this study is to understand the relationship among leisure physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, physical fitness, and happiness in healthy elderly adults aged over 65 years old in Taiwan. Data were recruited from the National Physical Fitness Survey in Taiwan, which was proposed in the Project on the Establishment of Physical Fitness Testing Stations by the Sports Administration of the Ministry of Education. Participants were recruited from fitness testing stations set up in 22 counties and cities from October 2015 to May 2016. A total of 20,111 healthy older adults aged 65–102 years were recruited as research participants. The fitness testing procedure was described to all participants, who were provided with a standardized structured questionnaire. Participants’ data included sex, city or county of residence, living status (living together with others or living alone), education level, and income. Physical fitness testing was conducted in accordance with The Fitness Guide for Older Adults published by the Sports Administration of the Ministry of Education. The testing involved cardiorespiratory endurance, muscle strength, muscle endurance, flexibility, balance, and body composition. The t-test was used to evaluate the differences between continuous and grade variables under the two classification variables of sex, city or county of residence, and living status. We used the MARS (multivariate adaptive regression splines) model to analyze the effects of physical fitness variables and leisure physical activity variables on happiness. Among healthy elderly adults, sex, age, living status, body mass index, and leisure physical activity habits proved to be related to happiness. Aerobic endurance (2-min step test), muscular strength and endurance (30-s arm curl and 30-s chair stand tests), flexibility (back stretch and chair sit-and-reach tests), and balance ability (8-foot up-and-go tests and one-leg stance with eyes open tests) were found to be related to happiness. The results of this study indicate that increased physical activity and intensity, as well as physical fitness performance, are associated with improved happiness.

Challenges in Integrity of Sport: Current Practices and Preventive Approaches of Sport Corruption in Sri Lanka

In many countries, including Sri Lanka, control of sports is connected to political power of the state and therefore, the political patronage decisively influences sports, both in and out of the playground. This study looks at few identified areas relating to the impact of mal-governance and corruption in sports administration, and how general governance structure adversely affects sports integrity in Sri Lanka. The content analysis was performed on articles pertaining to the sport corruption in Sri Lanka. The analysis has shown that the sport corruption is a main and considerable issue in Sri Lanka due to the several reasons. The study recommended that the proper governance policy should be invented to the sport sector to prevent this issue.

“Only English Counts”: the impact of English hegemony on South-Korean athletes

Purpose While conceived to examine key factors affecting post-retirement career advancement of retired elite athletes in South Korea, the purpose of this paper is to report how English, as a de facto global lingua franca, functions as a powerful gatekeeper in the sports administration field. Design/methodology/approach Interpreted through the lens of Bourdieu’s linguistic capital and Gramsci’s hegemony of language, the present study draws on content analysis of semi-structured individual interviews, as well as focus group interviews, conducted with thirty former South Korean elite athletes. Findings Based on the data analysis, systematic bias toward athletes was uncovered, privileging English as the single determining factor for employment. Furthermore, the educational implications for adult learners of English as a Foreign or English an Additional Language reveal unrealistic expectations of top–down language policies. Originality/value Perspectives of athlete participants, an underrepresented group in educational research, within the South Korean globalization context shed critical light on the pervasive aspects of English hegemony and its unexamined dimensions.