Love of Money, Religiosity, and Gender: How do These Affect the Ethical Perceptions of Public Accountants?

Ethics has always been an interesting issue to discuss in any discussion related to the professionalism of the world of accounting and auditing. Public scepticism towards the accounting profession is quite reasonable since there are not a few auditors and public accountants involved with financial scandals. Money for an individual is like a double-edged knife, on the one hand, it is a need, but it can also be a root of greed, no exception for an auditor. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of love of money on the ethical perceptions of public auditors. Whether there is an influence of the love of money on the ethical perceptions of public auditors and how does this affect it when faced with one’s religiosity and gender. Using the object of the research of auditors who are members of the public accounting firm in Semarang city, this research succeeded in collecting a sample of 43 auditors with the criteria of having had at least three years of experience as an auditor. The results prove that love of money has a direct effect on the ethical perceptions of public auditors. However, when the feeling of love of money is faced with religiosity and gender, it does not significantly influence auditors’ ethical perceptions. Therefore, it can be concluded that love of money is one’s attitude in general which is reflected in the behaviour of an auditor so that one’s love of money can directly influence an auditor’s ethical perception. Keywords: Love of Money; Religiosity; Gender; Ethical Perceptions

Analyzing Board Characteristics, Ownership Structure and Company Characteristic to CSR Disclosure

This study aims to analyze the effect of board characteristics, ownership structure and company characteristics on CSR disclosure. The population of this study are non-financial companies that listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) which issues sustainability reports separately from the annual report for the year 2017-2018. Based on the purposive sampling method as a method of data collection, a total of 20 non-financial companies have published sustainability reports separately from the annual reports for 2017 and 2018 respectively. Multiple regression analysis used to test the research hypotheses. The results of this study indicate that the proportion of women on the board, board of director ownership concentration, profitability and leverage negatively affect the CSR, while the rest of variables does not affect the CSR disclosure. Keywords: CSR disclosure; board characteristics; ownership structure; company characteristics; sustainability report

The Determinants of Human Resource Disclosures in ASEAN

This paper aims to determine the level of Human Resource Disclosure (HRD) in ASEAN and to examine the impact of firm size, firm age, auditor type, profitability, board size, and gender on HRD. The population of this study was banking companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX), Philippines Stock Exchange (PSE), The Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET), Bursa Malaysia (Bursa), and Singapore Exchange (SGX) in 2018. The purposive sampling method was used in this study so that obtained 77 banking companies. Multiple linear regression with SPSS 21 was used in this study. The results showed that the mean level of human resource disclosure in ASEAN was 77%. Independent variables of firm size and auditor type have significant and positive influences on HRD. Board size has a negative and significant influence on HRD while firm age, profitability, and gender have insignificant effects. The summaries of this research are the mean level of HRD classified in high. Firm size, auditor type, and board size have significant effects on HRD while firm age, profitability, and gender have insignificant effects. The Absence of HRD level research in ASEAN countries makes this research important to study. Keywords: Human Resource Disclosure; Firm Size; Firm Age; Auditor Type; Profitability; Board Size; Gender

The Effect of Profitability, Liquidity, and Asset Structure on Capital Structure with Firm Size as Moderating Variable

The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of profitability, liquidity, and asset structure on capital structure with firm size as a moderating variable. The population of this study was all property and real estate companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2014-2016. The number of samples used was 39 companies with the audit of analysis of 117. This study used secondary data taken from the annual financial statements. The method of data analysis was descriptive analysis and Moderated regression analysis by difference absolute value test. The data analysis used was IBM SPSS Statistics 21. The result of the study showed that profitability, liquidity, and asset structure had negative and significant effects on capital structure. Firm size was able to moderates significantly the effect of liquidity on capital structure, but it is not able to moderate the effect of profitability and asset structure on the capital structure. The study concludes that capital structure is influenced by profitability, liquidity, and liquidity that moderated by firm size. Keywords: Profitability; Liquidity; Asset Structure; Capital Structure; Firm Size

The Roles of Capital Intensity in Moderating Managerial Ownership and Investment Opportunity Set (IOS) on Accounting Conservatism

This study aims to examine the effect of managerial ownership and investment opportunity set (IOS) on accounting conservatism with capital intensity as a moderating variable. The population was the manufacturing companies listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2016-2018 as many as 184 companies. The sampling technique was purposive sampling technique and selected 39 units of analysis from 16 companies. The collection of research data used documentation technique. The analysis of research data used descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The hypothesis testing used moderating regression analysis with an absolute difference test using IBM SPSS 24 tools. The results showed that investment opportunity set (IOS) had a significant positive effect while managerial ownership did not affect on accounting conservatism. Capital intensity could not significantly moderate the effect of managerial ownership and investment opportunity set (IOS) on accounting conservatism. Based on the result of this research, the conclusion is investment opportunity set (IOS) has a significant positive effect on accounting conservatism. The companies with higher investment opportunity sets (IOS) are able to increase the application of the accounting conservatism principles. Keyword: Accounting Conservatism; Managerial Ownership; Investment Opportunity Set (IOS); Capital Intensity

Analysis of the Effect of Fraud Pentagon Factors on Fraudulent Financial Statement with Audit Committee as Moderating Variable

This study aims to analyze the effect of fraud pentagon on fraudulent financial statements with audit committee as moderating variable. The population of this study was the property, real estate, and construction companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2016-2018. The sampling technique used purposive sampling and obtained 52 companies with 156 units of analysis. The data were analyzed using logistic regression analysis by IBM SPSS Ver.26. The results showed that company growth had a positive effect on fraudulent financial statements. Meanwhile, the effectiveness of supervision, quality of external auditors, the experience of directors, and CEO duality did not affect fraudulent financial statements. Audit committee significantly moderated the effect of company growth, the effectiveness of supervision, and the experience of directors on fraudulent financial statements. However, audit committee did not moderate the effect of quality of external auditors and CEO duality on fraudulent financial statements. This study concludes that the fraudulent financial statements will be higher when the company growth is higher. Audit committee weakens the effect of company growth, the effectiveness of supervision, and the experience of directors on fraudulent financial statements. Keywords: Fraudulent Financial Statement; Fraud Pentagon; Audit Committee

Leverage as a Moderator of the Effect of Company Size, Managerial Ownership, and Conflict of Interest on Accounting Conservatism

This study aims to examine the influence of company size, managerial ownership, and conflict of interest to accounting conservatism with leverage as the moderating variable. The population was mining companies and infrastructure, utilities, and transportation companies which were listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2015 to 2018, which are 118 companies. The sample was determined by purposive sampling which resulted in 12 companies with 36 units of analysis. The data were collected by using documentaries. The analysis techniques used descriptive and inferential with the help of IBM SPSS version 21. The results showed that managerial ownership had a negative influence and conflicts of interest had a positive influence to accounting conservatism, company size had not influenced to accounting conservatism, and leverage moderated the relationship of managerial ownership to accounting conservatism, but it was unable to moderate the relationship of company size and conflict of interest to accounting conservatism. The conclusion of this study is the low managerial ownership presses the existence of expropriation; therefore, it can increase the accounting conservatism. The high conflict of interest increases the application of accounting conservatism to reduce conflicts that occur. Meanwhile, leverage influences the company’s financial risk, therefore it is able to moderate the influence of managerial ownership to accounting conservatism. Keywords: Accounting Conservatism; Company Size; Conflict of Interest; Leverage; Managerial Ownership

Taxpayer Compliance Based on Awareness and Policy

This study examines the effect of tax policy aspects and awareness on taxpayer compliance in Kuningan Regency. The policy aspects in this study have manifested by tax sanction and Fiscus service quality. This study uses questionnaires which have distributed by random sampling technic. By using the multiple linear regression analysis, this study reveals that tax sanctions, Fiscus service quality, and taxpayer awareness positively affect taxpayer compliance. Aspects of government policy in tax sanctions are more significant than taxpayers' awareness to affect taxpayer compliance. It means that strict tax sanctions have been necessary accompanied by improving the Fiscus services quality as part of the tax services paradigm. This study can be used as a reference to reexamine the determinants of taxpayer compliance, especially in areas with the same characteristics as the object of this study. Future research is expected to examine the equilibrium between economic and non-economic variables more deeply in increasing taxpayer compliance. It is essential because which variable most determines taxpayer compliance is still unclear, whether theoretically or practically. Keywords: Awareness, Compliance, Taxpayers, Fiscus Services Quality

Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure, Corporate Governance Disclosures, and Firm Value In Indonesia Chemical, Plastic, and Packaging Sub-Sector Companies

This study aims to examine environmental disclosure, social disclosure, economic disclosure, and corporate governance disclosures on the firm value in Indonesia. This study uses a quantitative method with multiple regression. This study employs data from chemical, plastic, and packaging sub-sector companies which listed in the IDX. After purposive sampling was conducted, the final sample consists of eleven companies from 2016 up to 2019. The result suggests that environmental disclosure positively affects firm value. Meanwhile, economic and social disclosures do not affect firm value. Also, the disclosure of corporate governance does not affect firm value. The companies should consider that environmental activities as a strategy for the company, and these activities show that the company's success in the capital market is related to investors' positive response. Keywords: Corporate Governance, Economic, Environmental, Social, Disclosure

Lombok’s Tsunami and Stock Abnormal Returns

Natural disaster often brings damage to the economy, including the decrease of stock’s market value. For this reason, this study aims to determine the effect of the tsunami earthquakes in Lombok in 2018 on abnormal returns and cumulative abnormal returns of insurance companies. This study used the event study approach, with three days window period after the three tsunami earthquakes from July to August 2018. The sample of this study is the stock price of 14 insurance companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. To test whether abnormal return exists, a one-sample t-test was used on the average abnormal and cumulative returns. The results show that the tsunami earthquake disasters in Lombok in 2018 have a significant effect on cumulative abnormal returns of insurance companies stocks, and this effect even bigger on the third tsunami. This finding shows that the market reacts to continuous disaster by considering the earthquake as negative information and thus decrease the stock price. This study implies that investors may buy the stocks after the disaster to get a cheaper price or hold the stocks to avoid loss. Keywords: abnormal return; event study; Lombok tsunami earthquake; signaling theory