Mitigating Harmful Effects of Climate Warming on Ceiling Paintings by Ceiling Insulation: An Evaluation Using Timed IR Imaging and Numeric Modelling

Due to climate change, ceiling paintings in many historic buildings are subjected to increasingly high short-term temperature change, resulting in high thermal tension caused by the construction assembly. This article focuses on the combined use of timed IR imaging and numeric modelling to evaluate insulation measures on the upper side of a ceiling to reduce thermal tensions in the painting layers, overheating in summer as well as cooling down in winter. As a model room, the southern splendour stair hall in the Burgtheater Vienna was chosen. Famous ceiling paintings created from 1886 to 1888 by Gustav Klimt and his brother Ernst Klimt can be found on this ceiling. The results show that timed IR imaging is an adequate tool to study the transient thermal behaviour of ceiling paintings which are not accessible to standard sensor measurements. Moreover, it could be shown that the presented measurement technique is well suited to validate a numeric model. The latter was applied to evaluate the potential insulation on the top of the ceiling. It was shown that cooling loads and energy loss in the room underneath can be reduced and most importantly the thermal stress in painting layers is reduced. The findings are relevant as, due to global warming, the current situation in many buildings is worsening. Considering the great intangible cultural value of many ceiling paintings, the application of the presented evaluation strategy for building physical boundaries on a ceiling with paintings seems to be appropriate.

The Vitality of Viennese Art Nouveau

The article develops the problem of vitality in art on the basis of the so-called Viennese Art Nouveau, in particular on the basis of the works of Arthur Schnitzler, Gustav Klimt, Koloman Moser and critical works of Hermann Bahr. The concept of vitality is seen as the foundation of that artistic anthropology, which united all types of art within the framework of Viennese Art Nouveau, giving them a single intention. The heightened interest in Man as a psychophysiological phenomenon, in the instinctive nature of man and the chaos of his inner — mental — life, in the borderline states of human existence in the space of the eternal antinomy of Eros and Thanatos — all this led to the unprecedented originality of the art of Vienna at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries.

Gustav Klimt and Egon Schiele in contemporary Russian Poetry

Leading Austrian artists of the first quarter of the 20th century, Gustav Klimt and Egon Schiele, did not attract the Russian writers attention until the 1990s, when the development of Russian postmodern literature was conductive to the attention to their experiments, polystylistics, cultural symbolism and aestheticism. It is stressed that although the heritage of these artists was adapted to the aesthetic project of Russian postmodernism, poetic statements about them revealed aspects of art that are not obvious to the common viewer. First of all, in the Russian poetry of the 1990s and the early 2000s (Alexander Ulanov, Alexander Skidan, Irina Mashinsky, Polina Barskova, Elena Fanailova) it was convincingly shown that Schiele’s expressionism directly takes it start from the symbolism of Klimt, and Klimt’s aesthetics already contains Schiele’s one, but Schiele’s manner retains the achievements of Klimt. Further, the author shows a connection between these artists and the achievements of physics along with the cultural and political atmosphere of the time. Finally, it was reported that the achievements of these artists opposed Nazism because Klimt and Schiele demonstrated the inadmissibility of any form of oppression. Regardless of the private thoughts or the works of Klimt and Schiele, these ideas are conveyed by the very form of their works and the approach to style: the semanticization of the material and the ability to give life to the depicted characters. Particular techniques and devices of expressiveness of both artists were interpreted as auxiliary to their humanistic ideas, and it should be recognized as the contribution of poetry to art history.

A New Austrian Regionalism: Alfons Walde and Austrian Identity in Painting after 1918

This essay assesses the role of regionalism in interwar Austrian painting with a focus on the Tyrolean painter and architect Alfons Walde (1891–1958). At a time when painting was seen to be in crisis, eclipsed by the deaths of prominent Viennese artists such as Gustav Klimt and Egon Schiele, regionalism offered an alternative engagement with modern art. As the representative of a wider regionalist movement, Walde paved the way for a clearly identifiable image of rural Austria without foregoing the modernization process that took place in the Alps at the time. Filtering essential elements of local culture and synthesizing them with both a modern formal language and “modern” topics, most significantly ski tourism, he created a regionalism that reverberated beyond the narrow confines of his home province and caught particular momentum during the rise of the Austrian Ständestaat in the 1930s. Moving in between regional and national significance, Walde's work underlines the essential position of the region in Austria after 1918 and conveys that an engaged regionalism that responded to the rapid cultural and political changes taking place became a significant aspect of interwar Austrian painting.

O Renascimento de Vênus e um novo O Beijo: identidade e representação nas capas da revista Elle Brasil

O artigo tematiza a representação de identidades de minorias, por meio de duas capas da edição de dezembro de 2018 da revista Elle, releituras fotográficas do Nascimento de Vênus, de Boticelli e de O Beijo, de Gustav Klimt. Sendo a primeira estampada por uma modelo transexual negra e a segunda um casal de famosos atores negros como protagonistas da releitura. Utiliza-se como instrumento metodológico a análise iconográfica para interpretar os elementos componentes das fotografias. Conclui-se que as imagens trazem novas representações da comunidade negra e transexual, além e ressignificar os quadros através da escolha de seus elementos de destaque ou de anulação.

Absorbing the gaze, scattering looks: Klimt’s distinctive style and its two-fold effect on the eye of the beholder

Among the most renowned painters of the early twentieth century, Gustav Klimt is often associated – by experts and laymen alike - with a distinctive style of representation: the visual juxtaposition of realistic features and flattened ornamental patterns. Art historical writing suggests that this juxtaposition allows a two-fold experience; the perception of both the realm of art and the realm of life. While Klimt adopted a variety of stylistic choices in his career, this one popularised his work and was hardly ever used by other artists. The following study was designed to observe whether Klimt’s distinctive style causes a specific behaviour of the viewer, at the level of eye-movements. Twenty-one portraits were shown to thirty viewers while their eye-movements were recorded. The pictures included artworks by Klimt in both his distinctive and non-distinctive styles, as well as other artists of the same historical period. The recorded data show that only Klimt’s distinctive paintings induce a specific eye-movement pattern with alternating longer (“absorbed”) and shorter (“scattered”) fixations. We therefore claim that there is a behavioural correspondence to what art historical interpretations have so far asserted: The perception of “Klimt’s style” can be described as two-fold also at a physiological level.

Gustav Klimt, grabado en oro

Ever since humans have inhabited the Earth, pandemics have been by their side. A vivid example of this is our current situation. Not so long ago, we had a pandemic caused by the influenza virus from which we learned a few lessons. In 1918, the miscalled Spanish flu spread through many countries leaving nothing but death and desolation. Even Gustav Klimt with all his golden creations could not escape his destiny during that pandemic

GUSTAV KLIMT’S CREATIVITY AND ITS IMPACT ON XX CENTURY FASHION

Secessionism from the beginning of the XX century offered a new option for the creation and interpretation of art through a unique individual expression of the artist that was the result of the coming changes in society. Gustav Klimt, one of the most striking representatives of Viennese secessionism, with his lifestyle and style of creation through combining techniques, has made changes in art, not always accepted in every segment, but with long-term consequences for the development of art and fashion. In a fashion sense, Klimt presented not only a new artistic expression but also paved the way of a modern contemporary woman. He was breaking social frames and norms, which was a link to the emerging fashion of the new age inevitably. The work was created with the idea of a brief overview and analysis of Gustav Klimt's creative work with elements of influence on the development of novelties in the design of clothing from the beginning, but also in the last decades during the XX century, from clothing, textile design to fashion accessories. Essential elements such as decorative ornaments and their combination through a combination of cold and warm colors enriched with gold tones have become authentic motifs imbued with the warmth of floral form and the mystique of geometrization.