scholarly journals Uniformity Detection for Straws Based on Overlapping Region Analysis

Agriculture ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Junteng Ma ◽  
Feng Wu ◽  
Huanxiong Xie ◽  
Fengwei Gu ◽  
Hongchen Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Straw Mulching ◽  
Region Analysis ◽  
Average Accuracy ◽  
Morphological Theory ◽  
Overlapping Region

Nowadays, the advanced comprehensive utilization and the complete prohibition of burning fully covered straws in croplands have become increasingly important in agriculture engineering. As a kind of direct straw-mulching method in China, conservation tillage with straw smashing is an effective method to reduce pollution and enhance fertility. In view of the high straw-returning yields, complicated manual operation, and the poor performance of straw detection with machine vision, this study introduces a novel form of uniformity detection for straws based on overlapping region analysis. An image-processing technology using a novel overlapping region analysis was proposed to overcome the inefficiency and low precision resulting from the manual identification of the straw uniformity. In this study, the debris in the gray map was removed according to region characteristics. Through using morphological theory with overlapping region analysis in low-density cases, straws of appropriate length can be identified and then uniformity detection can be accomplished. Compared with traditional threshold segmentation methods, the advantages of an accurate identification, fast operation, and high efficiency contribute to the better performance of the innovative overlapping region analysis. Finally, the proposed algorithm was verified through detecting the uniformity in low-density cases, with an average accuracy rate of 97.69%, providing a novel image recognition solution for automatic straw-mulching systems.

scholarly journals Iterative fractionation of recycling receptors from lysosomally destined ligands in an early sorting endosome.

1989 ◽  
Vol 109 (6) ◽  
pp. 3303-3314 ◽  
Author(s):  
K W Dunn ◽  
T E McGraw ◽  
F R Maxfield
Keyword(s):  
Digital Image Analysis ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Recycling Endosomes ◽  
Double Label ◽  
Fluorescent Ligands ◽  
Endocytic Vesicles ◽  
Endocytic Compartments ◽  
Very High

To study the fusion and separation of endocytic compartments, we have used digital image analysis to quantify the accumulation of fluorescent ligands in endosomes during continuous endocytosis for periods of 1-20 min. Fluorescently labeled transferrin (Tf) and low density lipoproteins (LDL) were used as markers of recycling receptors and lysosomally directed ligands respectively. By measuring the intensity of individual endosomes, we found that the amount of LDL per endosome increases 30-40-fold between 1 and 10 min and then plateaus. In contrast, the amount of Tf per endosome reaches a steady state within 2 min at a level that is only three to four times that at 1 min. We used pulse-chase double label methods to demonstrate that Tf cycles through the compartment in which the LDL accumulates. When both Tf and LDL are added to cells simultaneously for 2 min, nearly all endosomes contain both labels. With 2-4 min further incubation in the absence of external ligands, LDL-containing compartments become depleted of Tf as Tf is directed to para-Golgi recycling endosomes. However, if Tf is added to the medium 2-4 min after a pulse with LDL, most of the LDL-containing endosomes become labeled with Tf. The data indicate that at least 30-40 endocytic vesicles containing both Tf and LDL fuse with an endosomal compartment over a period of 5-10 min. LDL accumulates within this compartment and Tf is simultaneously removed. Simple mathematical models suggest that this type of iterative fractionation can lead to very high efficiency sorting.

Comparative Study of New Airfoils for Small Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Canale ◽  
Kamal A. R. Ismail ◽  
Fatima A. M. Lino ◽  
Ahmad Arabkoohsar
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Pitch Angle ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Twist Angle ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Numerical Code ◽  
Power Coefficient ◽  
Intermediate Region ◽  
Marginal Improvement

Abstract The high cost and poor performance of small wind turbines make them not widely used. In an attempt to meliorate this situation, the authors propose to investigate alternative airfoils with different chord and pitch angle distributions that permit low manufacturing, installation and maintenance costs, as well as high efficiency. To achieve these goals, two airfoil sections, Gottingen and Joukowski, together with different chord and pitch angle distributions were simulated by using a validated numerical code based on the blade element momentum (BEM) method. The chord geometry includes constant, linear, and elliptic distributions while the twist angle includes constant and linear distributions. The results reveal that the linear pitch distribution reduces the thrust in the intermediate region of the blade and the bending moment at the root and reduces the power coefficient for both rotors. Rotors with elliptic chord distribution show increased forces in the intermediate region. Joukowski based blades with elliptic chord distribution show lower thrust compared with those with linear chord distribution. The linear chord distribution increases the thrust in the intermediate region and reduces it at the tip and root regions. Blades with multiple airfoils show marginal improvement. The Gottingen and Joukowski based rotors have similar annual energy production (AEP). The Joukowski based rotor with linear pitch and linear chord distribution shows better performance at low velocities and easy to manufacture which makes it a good candidate for small power wind turbines.

Elucidating the Oncogenic Potential of NPMc+ In Vitro and In Vivo.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 12-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Cheng ◽  
Silvia Grisendi ◽  
John G. Clohessy ◽  
Samia Majid ◽  
Paolo Sportoletti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ribosome Biogenesis ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Soft Agar ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Oncogenic Potential ◽  
Primary Mouse

Abstract Nucleophosmin (NPM) is a nucleolar phosphoprotein that plays a key role in ribosome biogenesis, control of genomic stability and stabilization of tumor suppressors, such as ARF (Grisendi et al. Nature Review Cancer, 2006). We have recently shown that NPM can act as a tumor suppressor through the generation and characterization of an NPM hypomorphic series in vivo (Grisendi et al. Nature, 2005). NPM is one of the most frequent targets of genetic alterations in hematopoietic tumors, as about 60% of all adult Acute Myelogenous Leukemia with a normal karyotype harbor C-terminal frameshift mutations (NPMc+). As a consequence, NPMc+ aberrantly localizes to the cytoplasm of leukemic blasts. It has been shown that NPMc+ can act as a dominant negative NPM mutant sequestering endogenous NPM to the cytosol. However, to date this mutant has never been shown to behave as an oncogene, which casts doubt on its role in leukemogenesis. To assess the oncogenic potential of NPMc+, we carried out soft agar and low-density seeding assays using primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) expressing NPMc+ in combination with a battery of oncogenes. Interestingly, we found that NPMc+, but not wild type NPM, cooperate with adenovirus E1A to transform primary MEFs in soft agar. NPMc+/E1A also consistently showed high efficiency at forming foci in low-density seeding assays comparable to RasV12/E1A. However, NPMc+ does not transform alone or in combination with RasV12 or c-Myc and does not transform p53−/−, p21−/− or Arf−/− primary MEFs. This suggests that two complementary growth signals from NPMc+ and E1A can cooperate to evade cellular senescence and apoptosis. These data are consistent with a model by which NPMc+, through the inhibition of NPM function, can block the ARF response elicited by E1A. In support of these observations, we found that in primary cells from our NPM hypomorhic series Arf level and localization are dramatically affected by the progressive reduction in Npm dose. To elucidate in vivo the crosstalk between NPM and ARF, genetic crosses using Npm+/− and Arf+/− mice are currently ongoing and data from this analysis will also be presented.

scholarly journals Apple Leaf Disease Identification with a Small and Imbalanced Dataset Based on Lightweight Convolutional Networks

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Lili Li ◽  
Shujuan Zhang ◽  
Bin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Convolutional Networks ◽  
Leaf Disease ◽  
Ring Rot ◽  
Field Environment ◽  
Average Accuracy ◽  
Validation Set

The intelligent identification and classification of plant diseases is an important research objective in agriculture. In this study, in order to realize the rapid and accurate identification of apple leaf disease, a new lightweight convolutional neural network RegNet was proposed. A series of comparative experiments had been conducted based on 2141 images of 5 apple leaf diseases (rust, scab, ring rot, panonychus ulmi, and healthy leaves) in the field environment. To assess the effectiveness of the RegNet model, a series of comparison experiments were conducted with state-of-the-art convolutional neural networks (CNN) such as ShuffleNet, EfficientNet-B0, MobileNetV3, and Vision Transformer. The results show that RegNet-Adam with a learning rate of 0.0001 obtained an average accuracy of 99.8% on the validation set and an overall accuracy of 99.23% on the test set, outperforming all other pre-trained models. In other words, the proposed method based on transfer learning established in this research can realize the rapid and accurate identification of apple leaf disease.

scholarly journals In silico screening and experimental analysis of family GH11 xylanases for applications under conditions of alkaline pH and high temperature

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Talens-Perales ◽  
Paloma Sánchez-Torres ◽  
Julia Marín-Navarro ◽  
Julio Polaina
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Experimental Analysis ◽  
In Silico ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Carbohydrate Binding ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
Xylanolytic Activity ◽  
Cazy Database

Abstract Background Xylanases are one of the most extensively used enzymes for biomass digestion. However, in many instances, their use is limited by poor performance under the conditions of pH and temperature required by the industry. Therefore, the search for xylanases able to function efficiently at alkaline pH and high temperature is an important objective for different processes that use lignocellulosic substrates, such as the production of paper pulp and biofuels. Results A comprehensive in silico analysis of family GH11 sequences from the CAZY database allowed their phylogenetic classification in a radial cladogram in which sequences of known or presumptive thermophilic and alkalophilic xylanases appeared in three clusters. Eight sequences from these clusters were selected for experimental analysis. The coding DNA was synthesized, cloned and the enzymes were produced in E. coli. Some of these showed high xylanolytic activity at pH values > 8.0 and temperature > 80 °C. The best enzymes corresponding to sequences from Dictyoglomus thermophilum (Xyn5) and Thermobifida fusca (Xyn8). The addition of a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM9) to Xyn5 increased 4 times its activity at 90 °C and pH > 9.0. The combination of Xyn5 and Xyn8 was proved to be efficient for the saccharification of alkali pretreated rice straw, yielding xylose and xylooligosaccharides. Conclusions This study provides a fruitful approach for the selection of enzymes with suitable properties from the information contained in extensive databases. We have characterized two xylanases able to hydrolyze xylan with high efficiency at pH > 8.0 and temperature > 80 °C.

Using the HERCULES System to Segregate Room Trash From the LANL Plutonium Facility and CMR Building

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen M. Gruetzmacher ◽  
Roland M. Bustos ◽  
Susan S. Ramsey ◽  
Steven C. Myers ◽  
Lucas E. Gallegos
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Contamination ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Generation Process ◽  
Los Alamos National Laboratory ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Management Personnel

The Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) Plutonium Facility (PF-4) and the Chemistry and Metallurgy Research (CMR) building are radiological facilities operated by the Nuclear Materials Technology (NMT) Division. Combined, these facilities generate approximately 262 m3 of low-level waste (LLW) per year of routine room trash from laboratories in radiological controlled areas (RCAs). It has been estimated that 50 to 90% of this low-density room trash is free of radioactive contamination and eligible for inclusion in LANL’s Green is Clean (GIC) program. GIC waste includes all non-regulated waste from RCAs that has been actively segregated as nonradioactive through the use of the waste generator’s acceptable knowledge (AK). The High Efficiency Radiation Counter for Ultimate Low Emission Sensitivity (HERCULES) system is one of several nondestructive assay (NDA) measurement systems used in the GIC program to verify the generator’s AK. This highly sensitive system is optimized to detect very small quantities of common LANL radionuclides, especially isotopes of plutonium, americium, and uranium. A pilot project was conducted in collaboration with NMT Division waste management personnel to determine which RCAs generate the greatest volumes of potential low-density GIC wastes. The HERCULES system was used to screen a portion of the low-density laboratory room trash that NMT shipped to LANL’s low-level waste disposal facility in a six-month period from October, 2002–March, 2003. This consisted of 1350 plastic lined cardboard boxes (0.305m × 0.305m × 0.610m) containing between 2.0–13.5 kg each of room trash. Results of the HERCULES screening indicate that with no active segregation attempts by the generator, 33% of the low-level waste boxes are free of radioactive contamination. An additional 42% of the boxes exhibited very low total activities and could probably become legitimate GIC wastes with active segregation employed during the waste generation process. Thus, the expansion of the GIC program to include low-density laboratory room trash could significantly reduce the total volume of LLW generated by NMT Division.

scholarly journals Inefficient internalization of receptor-bound low density lipoprotein in human carcinoma A-431 cells.

1981 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
R G Anderson ◽  
M S Brown ◽  
J L Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Cho Cells ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Coated Pits ◽  
Human Carcinoma ◽  
Ldl Receptors

Human epithelioid carcinoma A-431 cells are known to express unusually large numbers of receptors for the polypeptide hormone epidermal growth factor. The current studies demonstrate that this cell line also expresses 5- to 10-fold more low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors per cell than either human fibroblasts or Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. As visualized with an LDL-ferritin conjugate, the LDL receptors in A-431 cells appeared in clusters that were distributed uniformly over the cell surface, occurring over flat regions of the membrane as well as over the abundant surface extensions. Only 4% of the LDL receptors were located in coated pits. The LDL receptors in A-431 cells showed the same affinity and specificity as the LDL receptors in human fibroblasts and other cell types. In addition, they were subject to feedback regulation by sterols in the same manner as the LDL receptors in other cells. However, in contrast to other cell types in which the receptor-bound LDL is internalized with high efficiency, in the A-431 cells only a small fraction of the receptor-bound LDL entered the cell. In CHO cells approximately 66% of the LDL receptors were located over coated regions of membrane, and the efficiency of LDL internalization was correspondingly 10-fold higher than in A-431 cells. These findings support the concept that the rate of LDL internalization is proportional to the number of LDL receptors in coated pits and that the inefficiency of internalization in the A-431 cells is caused by a limitation in the ability of these cells to incorporate their LDL receptors into coated pits.

Critical Analysis of Advanced H2/O2 Cycles Based on Steam-Methane Reforming

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gambini ◽  
G. L. Guizzi ◽  
M. Vellini
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Thermodynamic Cycle ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Steam Methane Reforming ◽  
Steam Methane ◽  
Available Technology ◽  
O2 Production ◽  
Very High

In this paper a critical analysis of H2/O2 cycles is presented. They seem to have great thermodynamic potentialities, but in these analyses it is very important to adopt reasonable assumptions. In fact choosing very high values of the maximum pressure and temperature and neglecting the energy requirements for oxygen and hydrogen compression and production, these cycles can attain very high efficiency: from 65 to 69%, depending on the typology of the thermodynamic cycle. In the present paper the H2/O2 cycles, one typology proposed by authors and another by other ones [1], have been analysed under realistic assumptions (with respect to the currently available technology) of the cycle parameters — TIT and maximum pressure — and taking into account the overall energetic requirements (H2 and O2 production and compression). The cycles, suitable for these assumptions, have been investigated by means of a parametric analysis as a function of the main cycle parameters. Summarizing, the results of the developed analysis show that the H2/O2 cycles, investigated here, yield very poor performance if all energetic requirements are taken into account.

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