A Proposal for Streamlining 3D Digital Cadastral Data Lifecycle

In urban areas, managing the lifecycle of land and property data related to interlocked and intertwined structures and infrastructure services is a grand challenge for cadastral systems. Addressing the physical and legal complexities of vertically stratified ownership arrangements is a major step towards the modernization of cadastral systems. The research problem that this study addresses is the lack of a simplified and effective approach for modelling, storing, visualizing, and querying 3D cadastral data for multi-story buildings. This research primarily leads to the development of an approach based on Building Information Modelling (BIM), as well as state-of-the-art ETL (extract, transform, load), database and visualization technologies for 3D cadastral data lifecycle management in current practices. The proposed steps for recording, preserving, and disseminating 3D cadastral data are crucial in shifting current 2D cadastral systems towards 3D digital information systems. The results showed improvements in data creation, storage, conversion, and communication when upgrading from a 2D to 3D digital cadastre. Therefore, this study confirmed that streamlining the lifecycle of cadastral data using 3D environments would mitigate issues associated with the current fragmented 2D cadastral datasets used in the multi-story developments.

Ways of development of National cadastral systems

Purpose. The purpose of this research is to prove the importance and necessity of further development of national inventories by implementing 3D/4D inventories that will improve the management decision-making process, the proposed technology will measure and update national inventories in real time. A robust verification system must continue to ensure the integrity of the inventory. Methodology. National cadastral systems play a special role in land management, and cadastral information is the basis for taxation and investment for the rational use and protection of land. The latest multifunctional cadastres form a comprehensive land information system of real estate, which includes the inclusion in its structure of basic registers (land register, register of rights and register of capital construction objects) and general registers containing information about objects, types of lands, natural and qualitative characteristics of lands, and other data that are the basis for economic and territorial planning and land management [Perovych L., 2003]. Results. The main direction of development of national cadastral systems is the collection of data and generalization of information on the state, quantitative and qualitative indicators of land resources, but these stages of the study are not the ultimate goal of creating cadastral systems. Emphasis should be placed on the convenience and feasibility of using such information. To increase the efficiency of national land cadastral systems, it is necessary to expand the cadastral system with information on land resources that for some reason were left without an owner, or have errors in design; plots that have an owner, but are not used in economic activities. Such information will ensure the formation of a multilevel structure of the land market and increase the efficiency of state regulation. Scientific novelty and practical significance. The importance of development of modern national cadastral systems is proved, which will further increase their potential in order to solve critical state tasks, namely: emergency management, economic processes, effective management in the field of public utilities and many other public administration functions. The proposed approach allows to properly understand and assess the legal situation on the ground, to improve the trends of intensification of land use and technologies for defining the boundaries of real estate. The introduction of the latest technologies will reduce the time of spatial planning and real estate development.

Urban Cadastral Situation in Ecuador: Analysis to Determine the Degree of Proximity of the Cadastral Systems to the 3D Cadastral Model

As 3D cadastres offer advantages in several areas by providing information with greater accuracy and a high level of detail, a diagnosis of the cadastral situation is required prior to the implementation of a 3D cadastral model. Therefore, this study focuses on diagnosing the urban cadastral situation in Ecuador based on an analysis of eight cantonal decentralized autonomous governments that were selected primarily for the availability of their cadastral information. The twelve characteristics included in the analysis supported the definition of a cadastral development scale based on the fulfillment of each characteristic. The official cadastral databases, meetings, and interviews with personnel related to the cadastres were used in the analysis to gain in-depth knowledge of the situation in each canton. The findings demonstrated that most cantons had similar characteristics and are at an intermediate level of cadastral development. Therefore, there is the need for cantons to have standardized cadastral information in accordance with national and international regulations. Thus, in this research, we developed an initial Ecuadorian land administration domain model country profile to initiate the transition towards 3D cadastre.

3RD BIM/GIS INTEGRATION WORKSHOP AND 15TH 3DGEOINFO CONFERENCE 2020 – PREFACE

The interest in and use of 3D models in built environments is rapidly increasing, and they are now a key component of decision-making in areas including climate change mitigation (e.g., calculating solar panel potential, flood modelling, modelling housing age for retrofitting of thermal insulation), urban planning and cadastral systems (modelling rights, restrictions and responsibilities in complex buildings, streamlining the process to issue planning permits, design of existing or new developments) and infrastructure (construction, transport, utility management and modelling, asset management). 3D models are also an integrator for the data underpinning smart cities – knowing where a sensor is in 3D space allows the data to be integrated with the surrounding context – for example, noise data could be integrated with traffic information. Reflecting this interest, national mapping and cadastral agencies (NMCA) including Ordnance Survey (GB) are now increasingly generating 3D mapping at national scale, and there is extensive research as to how this data can be integrated with another emerging source of 3D models such as building information modelling (BIM).These trends were evident during the 3rd BIM/GIS Integration Workshop and 15th 3DGeoInfo 2020 events, which were co-hosted by University College London and Ordnance Survey (GB) in September 2020. The workshop and conference brought together international researchers from academia, industry, government and national mapping and cadastral agencies in the field of 3D geoinformation, in an interdisciplinary gathering of researchers in the fields of data collection, data management, data quality, data analysis, advanced modelling approaches, applications, users, visualisation, augmented reality, artificial intelligence and many more.This year’s theme was Users and Use Cases. The workshop and conference covered a wide range of topics including 3D data acquisition and processing, 3D city modelling and related standards, visualisation and dissemination of 3D data, augmented and virtual reality, 3D and Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning. Three sessions of the BIM/GIS Integration Workshop were dedicated to Applications of BIM/GIS Integration, and an entire day of 3DGeoInfo 2020 to Users and Use Cases within 3DGeoInfo. Additionally, two sessions were specifically aimed at NMCA participants.Although initially intended to be a face-to-face event in London, the team rapidly adjusted to the emerging COVID-19 situation, identifying an online solution that facilitated and encouraged participant interaction. This meant that the events could still provide a platform for learning, discussion, and exchange of ideas that they have been able to in previous years, as well as providing opportunities to promote international collaboration in these topics. This special issue of the ISPRS International Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences contains 22 papers selected by double-blind peer review carried out by a minimum of three reviewers. It includes research on topics including data modelling, indoor 3D, standards (IndoorML, CityGML, CityJSON), cadastral systems, pedestrian navigation, infrastructure, visualisation, point cloud management, data interoperability, data quality, generating national 3D datasets and planning/permit processes amongst others.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TYPES OF CADASTRAL SYSTEMS FOR SELECTION OF THE MOST APPROPRIATE WHEN CREATING A 3D CADASTRE

The modern urban environment is characterized by a large number of real estate objects that require proper accounting and registration in the cadastre, including with a description in the form of 3D models. An important factor in the implementation of the 3D cadastre is the type of existing cadastral system suitable for this. The article developed a set of criteria and criteria indicators, on the basis of which a comparative analysis of the types of cadastral systems was carried out on the example of various countries. Based on the analysis, it was concluded that the most suitable type of cadastral system for switching to a 3D cadastre is the Napoleonic system, which is used in the Netherlands and Spain, as well as a number of other progressive countries. Despite the use of this type of cadastral system in Russia, there was a virtual lack of development of the 3D cadastre, the reasons were identified and recommendations for the successful implementation of the three-dimensional cadastre in the Russian Federation were identified.

ANALYSIS OF WORLD CADASTRO SYSTEMS

В данной работе представлен анализ мировых кадастровых систем. Проведен сравнительный анализ кадастров. Показано, как на протяжении последних двух десятилетий мировые кадастровые системы модернизировались и преобразовывались под влиянием технического прогресса и внедрения информатизации во все сферы социальной жизни общества. Ожидаемый результат всех преобразований кадастровой системы - создание простой и эффективной информационной системы, обеспечивающей легкий доступ к исчерпывающей информации о земельном участке, защиту и реализацию прав собственности на объекты недвижимого имущества, упрощение процедур учета и регистрации прав на недвижимость в целях создания всеобъемлющей базы, охватывающей территорию в пределах государственных границ для налогообложения. This paper presents an analysis of world cadastral systems. A comparative analysis of the inventory. The article also shows how over the past two decades, world cadastral systems have been modernized and transformed under the influence of technological progress and the introduction of informatization in all spheres of society social life. The expected result of all the transformations of the cadastral system is the creation of a simple and effective information system that provides easy access to comprehensive information about the land plot, the protection and realization of property rights to real estate, simplification of accounting and registration of property rights in order to create a comprehensive base covering the territory within state borders for taxation.

An Evaluation Framework for Urban Cadastral System Policy in Ethiopia

Land is the most vital resource on earth from which people derive their basic needs. In order to administer and manage this vital resource in a sustainable way, there are several mechanisms, of which the cadastral system is the prime one. Literature documents that the performance measurement methods of cadastral systems are not appropriate. In most developing countries, systematic performance evaluation mechanisms for cadastral systems are very inadequate. For example, Ethiopia has no systematic evaluation framework to measure and evaluate the state of cadastral systems. This article aims to develop an evaluation framework to measure and evaluate the performance of urban cadastral systems in Ethiopia based on the methods that have proven successful in developed countries. The goal is furthermore to present a set of good practices and a set of indicators that can provide an objective basis to support a systematic evaluation of urban cadastral systems in Ethiopia. The study employs a desk review research strategy and a qualitative analytical approach.

Reduction of Circular Arcs in European Cadastral Systems—The Proposal of a Solution Referring to the Recommendations of the INSPIRE Data Specification on Cadastral Parcels

Circular arcs are a graphical element present in the cadastral systems of many countries. Unfortunately, this type of record of the geometry of parcel borders is a problem described by the directives of Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe (INSPIRE) Data Specification on Cadastral Parcels. Because of the difficulties of using such geometric objects, the solution to this problem, as recommended by the European Commission, should be monitored. The target effect should be a cadastral data model based solely on linear segments. Solutions based on a classic approach of converting such data (like arcs), unfortunately, always involves changes of one of the most important attributes of a parcel—its area. The paper presents a proposal for solving this important problem using an algorithm, ensuring the preservation of the area of the parcels after converting the arcs into linear segments. Moreover, attention was paid to the technical aspects of the proposed changes.