Relacja, zobowiązanie, współpraca. Założenia i wyzwania badań etnograficznych wśród osób niewidomych

The article presents the main assumptions and conditions of collaboration between the author and the vision-impaired research participants over several years of ethnographic research (2011–2017). Adopting the perspective of philosophy of dialogue, the author follows different stages of rapport, focusing on mutual expectations and emotions, as well as relationship dynamics and its underlying conditions in general. The author’s long-term research was inspired by concepts developed by Luke Lassiter in his collaborative ethnography and by Anna Wyka in her social research through shared experience, both of which marked the author’s ethical and methodological choices, including invitation extended to research participants to comment on the research findings. The second part of the article is based on research participants’ impressions and reflections on their role, engagement and relationship with the researcher.

Factors and Functions Associated With Health and Well-Being Among Older Adults: Evidence From NHATS

The National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) is a nationally representative sample of Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 and older. From 2011 through 2020, annual in-person interviews have collected data in many areas, including health, environment, wellbeing, cognition, and function. With a decade of follow-up, including replenishment samples, NHATS is an ideal setting to investigate trends and trajectories of aging. Aging is heterogeneous and understanding the myriad of factors and functions that impact health and wellbeing is critical to developing interventions and care to promote health and wellbeing. Considering a multifactorial, wholistic approach to aging will provide a deeper understanding to create an impact. This symposium features pivotal research conducted using NHATS data, while highlighting overall strengths of the dataset for future research. The first presentation of this symposium investigates the factors that define cognitive profiles associated with dementia diagnosis over a period of five years. The second presentation investigates the role engagement in personally meaningful activities play in cognitive, emotional, functional, and health-related outcomes in older adults. The third presentation investigates the association between sleep medication use and fall risk among older adults with and without dementia. The session concludes with an investigation of end-of-life communication in persons with dementia and hearing impairment.

EXPRESS: Expatriate Work Role Engagement and the Work-Family Interface: A Conditional Crossover and Spillover Perspective

How intertwined are expatriates with their families? And what makes some expatriates better than others at leveraging positive or compensating for negative influences from their family life? Drawing on conservation of resources, crossover and spillover theories, we examine when partner family role adjustment influences expatriates’ family experiences, and how and when these experiences translate into expatriate work role engagement. Using data from 105 expatriate-partner dyads at two time points, we establish the key personal resource of general self-efficacy as a boundary condition for crossover and spillover. We find that expatriates with high self-efficacy experience no crossover between partner family role adjustment and expatriate family role adjustment, and positive spillover between their family role engagement and their work role engagement. By contrast, expatriates with low self-efficacy experience strong crossover between partner family role adjustment and expatriate family role adjustment, and negative spillover between their family role engagement and work role engagement. Our results suggest that the way in which the family domain influences expatriate work role engagement depends on general self-efficacy. We contribute to conservation of resources, crossover and spillover theories, and the work-family interface during expatriation. Our results also pinpoint organizational interventions to improve expatriates’ work role engagement.

Does My Engagement Matter?

This chapter articulates the link between employee engagement and meaningful work, acknowledging the complexity of this task against a backdrop of confusion over the precise meaning of engagement, which remains a contested and potentially exploitative construct. The chapter highlights the limitations of the predominant conceptualization of engagement as a positive, active, work-related psychological state, arguing that this encourages a focus on performance-related outcomes at the expense of a deeper understanding of the individual experience, context, and processes of engagement. Reverting to William Kahn’s original theory of personal role engagement as being fostered by the experience of meaningfulness, it is argued that individual engagement is associated with the fluctuating interpretation of whether or not a situation can be construed as meaningful. Thus, engagement and meaningfulness, while not synonymous, are symbiotically linked.

The Revised Role Checklist: Improved Utility, Feasibility, and Reliability

The Role Checklist is used by occupational therapists across the globe. Developed in 1981 and consistent with the Model of Human Occupation (MOHO), until recently, the Role Checklist was not updated. This is of concern as the Role Checklist originally was established to measure role performance. In 2008, Kielhofner, in the fourth edition of A Model of Human Occupation, differentiated occupational performance in 10 roles which clearly fall into occupational participation in the Role Checklist Version 3. The objective of the study was to describe changes and establish utility, feasibility, and reliability of the Role Checklist Version 3. The Role Checklist Version 3 was administered electronically to N = 114 occupational therapists and students. A short time span was used due to sensitivity to history bias. Test–retest reliability using Cohen’s Kappa and Cronbach’s alpha mirrored analysis done on the original version. Qualitatively, nine themes emerged regarding utility and feasibility. Test–retest reliability is acceptable to excellent for present role incumbency (κ = 0.74-1.00), desired future role engagement (κ = 0.44-1.00), and satisfaction with performance (α = 0.77-0.98). Participants (91%) found it useful for treatment planning and 75% would recommend Version 3 over the original Role Checklist. Data support the Role Checklist Version 3 as a reliable, electronic instrument feasible for occupational therapists to measure participation.

Identifying the contribution of occupational therapy in meeting the needs of women survivors of breast cancer

Introduction Little is known about how occupational therapy could assist women survivors of breast cancer and their partners who experience activity and role limitations during survivorship. This study sought to obtain views and consensus among occupational therapists regarding their potential role and the barriers and enablers to this potential service. Method We used a three-round classical Delphi process to determine the views of occupational therapists ( n = 40), and sought consensus (70%) for 49 statements concerning barriers and enablers affecting occupational therapy service provision during survivorship. Thematic analysis was used to determine themes and descriptive statistics to determine consensus level and median for statements. Findings Forty-six statements showed consensus. Themes identified were: (a) women and partners experience unmet needs; (b) gaps exist regarding supportive care; (c) access to comprehensive survivorship support is required; (d) barriers to occupational therapy exist; and (e) occupational therapists offer many supports to improve activity and role engagement for women and partners. Conclusion Occupational therapy is well-positioned to affect improvements in occupational engagement and role participation for women survivors of breast cancer and their partners. However, many barriers are identified. Occupational therapists must advocate the value of occupational therapy during survivorship to facilitate women’s engagement in meaningful activities and roles.

The impact of employees’ values on role engagement

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the manner in which employees’ experience of distributive justice (DJ) moderates the impact of intrinsic and extrinsic values on role engagement (RE). RE is especially important in the healthcare setting (examined here) due to the sector’s complexity, changeability and emotionally challenging nature. Design/methodology/approach Using data collected from a survey of employees from a large government health district in Southeast Queensland (Australia), this study examined the determinants of RE among a group of employees working across three hospital locations. Findings The focus of the study was on the impact, both directly and in combination, of espoused extrinsic and intrinsic values and perceived DJ on RE. The authors identify strong direct effects from DJ on RE, and complex third-order effects for the combinations of intrinsic (IM) and extrinsic motivation and DJ in predicting RE. Research limitations/implications As a cross-sectional and attitudinal survey, care must be taken in relation to common-method variance. Post hoc controls were performed in relation to this. Practical implications DJ is important for all, and is a powerful motivator for engagement of employees reporting highly on IM. There is evidence that the most engaged employees are not those most motivated by extrinsic rewards alone, although employees who are motivated primarily by extrinsic rewards alone can be highly engaged when they experience high levels of DJ. Social implications For managers seeking to engage their employees, an understanding of the different motivators for intrinsically vs extrinsically inclined employees is important. Taken together, these results suggest that employee RE is driven by a complex set of factors that differ between employees. Managing this complexity is an important consideration for managers. Originality/value This is the first empirical study to show these interaction effects using these measures. The healthcare context, generally under researched, also features in this study.