DISCOURSE ANALYSIS THEORY AND ITS ROLE IN DEFINING POLITICAL INTENT THE SPEECH OF HIS MAJESTY ‎SULTAN QABOOS BIN SAID, MAY GOD REST HIS SOUL, AT THE OPENING OF THE SIXTH SESSION OF THE COUNCIL OF OMAN AS A MODEL

This research seeks to analyze the speech of His Majesty Sultan Qaboos ‎bin Said, may his soul rest in peace, based on the theory of discourse analysis; ‎This is because the text is the internal structure of discourse that consists of ‎vocabulary, structures, and sentences, which helps to know the various ‎rhetorical methods that His Majesty, may God have mercy on him, relied on to ‎convince the recipient, and to clarify the linguistic effects that indicate the ‎political and social functions that the discourse on democracy accomplishes for ‎the actors; Because language reveals the depths of politics and its purposes, it ‎is the first language of communication with citizens and the masses, and it has ‎strength and ability to realize the common and speed of understanding, and the ‎ability to influence the recipients and convince them.‎ Discourse analysis in this study, like the rest of the studies, depends on the ‎vocabulary, structures, and sentences that make up the text. major‎.

Literary Techniques in Journalism Essay Writing

To what extent does the press article rely on Literary Techniques to direct content on the Saudi National Day? Applied study on Al-Yaum newspaper, from January – July 2020. The main objective of this study was identified that to what extent does the press article rely on Literary Techniques to direct content on the Saudi National Day?,The descriptive method is used to describe the situation and analyse the results. Observation and content analysis sheets were used as tools of this study. 27 opinion essays were represented an Intentional sample, from content analysis population. The results were: All the articles published on the 89th National Day in the digital newspaper Al-Youm used literary methods except for the assonance style that was not used by the writers. The types of opinion essays that dealt with themes of patriotism are the most essays used the rhetorical methods. The published articles aimed to enhance the value of patriotism.

Conversational Implicature in the Qur’anic text – A deliberative study of the verses of family discourse –: الاستلزام الحواريّ في النَّصّ القرآنيّ – دراسة تداوليَّة في آيات الخطاب الأُسريّ –

This research aims to examine the verses of family discourse in the Qur’anic text in a deliberative manner in accordance with the conversational implicature theory, which considers that any dialogue between two parties includes an explicit meaning, and an implicit meaning that is understood from the context. The concept of conversational implicature was explained in this study. In addition, the study investigated the conversational implicature included in the verses of family discourse among family members and among the spouses themselves. The research concluded that the rhetorical methods contained in the family discourse verses in the Qur’anic text carry implicit meanings that are understood within the context in which they are mentioned.

Introduction to the special issue: Rhetorical approaches to contemporary political studies

This article introduces the special issue on Rhetorical Approaches to Contemporary Political Studies. It underscores the importance of innovations in political speech as a key to the continuing attraction of scholars to rhetorical methods. This is particularly relevant at a moment of crisis and disruption in established democracies when the parameters of acceptable discourse have been brought into question by forms of ‘post-truth’ politics. Although controversial, such efforts affirm the value of rhetorical analysis as a mode of political enquiry. The article then sketches the arguments of the contributions to the issue.

Rhetorical Methods of Reconstructing the Image of the Hero in Modern Journalism. The Era of Metamodernism

The article studies the methods of deconstructing the image of the hero in journalistic texts of the 21st century from the metamodernism perspective. Based on the works of the main theorists of metamodernism R. Akker and T. Vermeulen, the author of the article focuses on the reception of post-irony, which due to the oscillation (fluctuation of sense) blurs the line between irony and seriousness. Being a universal culture phenomenon, post-irony as means of deconstruction has penetrated various types of art and has dominated certain sectors of the modern media space. Based on the exam ples of two genres of modern journalism – newspaper obituary and interview – the author identifies the main rhetorical devices of deconstruction, which mainly rely on post-irony.

Methodology of the Commentary Makhzan Al-‘Irfān by Lady Amin (Regarding the Interpretation of the Verses Related to “Women” in the Qur'an)

This descriptive-analytical research is devoted to the review of the methodology and interpretive approach of Lady Nusrat Begum Amin in her commentary of Makhzan al-‘Irfān. The results show that Lady Amin, considering various narrations that confirm and encourage the use of the Qur’an in interpretation, has widely used the interpretive method of Qur'an by Qur'an. Narrations, as the second source of interpreting the Qur'an, have played a significant role in this commentary as well. In addition, the use of the source of reason (aql) and rational arguments is also often seen in the interpretation of verses to the extent that sometimes the commentator prefers the rule of reason to the appearance (zāhir) of the verse and commentators’ opinions. In this commentary, sufficient attention has been paid to the role of Arabic literature for interpreting the Qur'an, since in its different places, morphological and syntactic issues have been used extensively and the interpreter sometimes mentions the use of rhetorical methods in the verses. There are also many philosophical issues in this book, which itself proves the author's profound philosophical knowledge. The commentator has also tried to discover the esoteric meanings of the verses of the Qur'an, noting that in discovering the esoteric meanings, she has paid attention to the appearance of the verses and has taken very cautious steps in this field. In this commentary, theological and doctrinal issues are also discussed in detail along with some verses. Theological discussions are in some cases with an independent title and in some cases in the form of questions and answers. In her commentary, Lady Amin has dealt with jurisprudential issues very little and only for a brief explanation of the verses. Considering the prominent role of different interpretive methods and approaches, her interpretation can be considered as a comprehensive one. In interpreting the verses related to women in the Qur'an, Lady Amin has emphasized paying attention to the types of inherent and non-intrinsic differences between men and women. He stressed the need to pay attention to these differences in providing a correct interpretation of verses related to women.

البناء والتركيب في رواية "طيور التاجي" لإسماعيل فهد إسماعيل (Syntax and Structure in the Novel 'Tuyoor Al- Taji' By Ismail Fahad Ismail)

شاع في الدراسات الأدبية الحديثة استخدام مناهج النقد الحديثة المنطلقة من علوم اللسانيات والأسلوب للنقد والتحليل، في ضوء إشارات وتلميحات متفرقة للنقاد عن عجز البلاغة التقليدية للولوج إلى مواطن الفن في الأدب الحديث واستيعابها. وهذه دراسة نقدية لعمل أدبي حديث، تعتمد على الدرس البلاغي القديم أداة للنقد، ومعيارًا تستند إليه في حكمها وتقويمها للعمل الفنّي، فجاءت لتفنيد تلك الادعاءات، وتقديم نموذج لنقد عمل فني حديث بأدوات تقليدية كلاسيكية. في روايته "طيور التاجي"؛ يستخدم الروائي الكويتي إسماعيل فهد إسماعيل أساليب وصور بلاغية أبانتها هذه الدراسة وقدّمتها بالوصف والنقد والتحليل. تقوم الدراسة على عرض تقديمي وجيز للبلاغة العربية وفنونها، ثم تقديم نماذج من فصول متفرقة من الرواية فيها من الصور والأساليب البلاغية ما يدعو للتوقف عندها وعرضها وتحليلها. الكلمات المفتاحية: إسماعيل فهد إسماعيل، الرواية، البلاغة العربية، المعاني، البيان. Abstract In modern literary studies, the use of modern critical approaches based on the sciences of linguistics and style has become widespread, as tools and methods of criticism and analysis, in light of the separate indications and cues of critics about the inability of traditional rhetoric to penetrate and comprehend the areas of art in modern literature. This is a critical study of a modern literary work that relies on the classical rhetorical lesson as a tool for criticism, and a criterion on which it relies in its judgment and evaluation of the work of art. In his novel "Birds of Taji"; Kuwaiti novelist Ismail Fahd Ismail applies rhetorical methods and images to describe, critic and analyse. This study highlights and analyses how the different ways in which the classical Arabic rhetorical terminologies and styles were utilized and applied throughout the novel. Keywords: Ismail Fahad Ismail, Kuwaiti Novel, Arabic rhetoric, Alma'ani, Albayan.

Anatomy of a Conspiracy Theory

With COVID-19, we are facing the most serious public health threat of our lifetime. Now, more than ever, we need experts and sound scientific advice to guide critical decision-making during the pandemic. With conspiracy theories and other similar rhetorical weapons being used to discredit our scientific experts, we face a myriad of misinformation, mistruths, and all-out attacks on our experts, breeding distrust between the public and the policymakers leading the fight against the pandemic. As President Trump took office, scientists were routinely denigrated and isolated. Furthermore, science denialism has permeated its way up to the highest levels of government, resulting in disastrous public policy decisions that have been detrimental to environmental and public health. Funding was cut for much-needed research on zoonotic-borne diseases, the U.S. government pulled its support from the Paris Climate Agreement in 2017, and well-respected scientists were removed from various advisory roles in agencies. Until the COVID-19 pandemic, many of these decisions went unnoticed by the general public. But, in courtrooms over the past thirty years, judges have recognized the danger of fake experts and acted as gatekeepers to ensure that experts are credible and that science is reliable. The use of Daubert in the courtroom has provided judges with a tool for allowing expert testimony that has met certain indicia of reliability, so jurors can focus on making factual determinations instead of judging whether the sources of the expertise should be trusted. Without a similar gatekeeping function in society, citizens must make those determinations on their own. Scientists and advocates of science should employ their own rhetorical methods to restore the credibility and importance of science in protecting our environment and now our health. Change can only truly come from the ground up. Citizens must actually believe that the climate is changing; they must believe that the health advice they are receiving from public health experts is accurate and trustworthy enough to follow. It is time to put science first—we can only do that if we stop science denialism in its tracks and restore resources and trust in our scientific community.

Kottanner Jánosné memoárja

In my study I analyze a significant late-medieval memoir, known as „The Memoires of Helene Kottanner (1439–1440), written by Helene, or Elena Kottanner, an Austrian woman, daughter ofPeter Wolfram from Ödenburg (Sopron), acting in the service of Queen Elizabeth of Hungary.The source, which may be considered the oldest German memoir written by a secular woman, depicts the events of an interesting period of the medieval Hungarian history with “vividness and poignancy” (Maya Bijvoet Williamson). After the death of King Albert (1437–1439), his ambitious wife, Elizabeth – while a large part of the Hungarian nobles wanted Władysław III of Poland to be the king of Hungary – tried to maintain his own authority in Hungary (at that time she was already pregnant and hoped that her new-born will be a boy), therefore she ordered her servant, Elena Kottanner to steal the Holy Crown of Saint Stephen from the royal stronghold, Plintenburg (Visegrád). The woman and an unnamed Hungarian collaborator managed to remove the Crown secretly, rushing to the Queen with it, who within an hour of the crown’s arrival at her castle of Komorn (Komárom), bore a son, Ladislaus Posthumous (1440–1457). Three months later, the little boy was crowned King of Hungary in Stuhlweissenburg (Székesfehérvár). In her memoir, Helene Kottanner – as an eye-witness author – gives a unique, detailed and remarkable picture about these events. My main goal is to analyze the rhetorical methods, the historiographical practice presented by Helene, which can be detected in her text. I demonstrate that the servant intended to emphasize her own role in the mentioned events, and tried to legitimate the Hungarian kingship of Ladislaus Posthumous. Besides, she presented certain events as symbolic of the fate of the future king: according to Helene, God protects her and Elizabeth, and the whole undertaking, while the Devil is on the side of their enemies (Władysław III of Poland and the Hungarian nobles). Furthermore, I also intend to demonstrate what possible goals could Helene have had with her memoir. It is quite possible that the servant wrote her opus in order to get her reward for her services provided to the queen and the future king. I demonstrate this problem in context of the Hungarian political situation in the 1440s and the 1450s.