ETNOCONHECIMENTO DOS CONSUMIDORES DE PESCADO DA REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DE BELÉM, ESTADO DO PARÁ

The aim of this work is to discuss and analyzing which criteria adopted for fish consumption in the Belém, Pará State, Metropolitan Region through the analysis of the consumer socioeconomic profile, the origin of his knowledge about the theme and his preferences about their fish buying and consumption habits, based on the answers obtained through a questionnaire. The methodology was the application of a questionnaire through the Google Forms platform,composed of 16 questions related to the themes addressed in this work directed to fish consumers in the municipalities of Ananindeua, Belém, Benevides, Castanhal, Marituba, Santa Bárbara do Pará and Santa Isabel do Pará. The questionnaire reached a total of 239 people. When asked about the preference in the choice of fish the dourada appears with about 68% as the preferred species for consumption in the BMR. The survey shows that most purchase places for consumption are the neighborhood fairs with 59% of the answers. Most respondents (about 60%) prefer fresh fish as the most sought-after form of conservation. As to the reason for the choice, the main answer obtained was the taste present in 89% of the interviews. Many respondents claimed that they would consume all types of fish, on the other hand, Tamuatá was chosen as the fish that respondents would not eat because it was seen in poor hygiene environments and had a strong flavor and odor. When asked how they learned to identify the fish freshness, 67% of respondents answered that this knowledge came through family teaching, showing that preference is a personal question and is related to the consumer cultural tradition.

STATUS DE CONHECIMENTO DO ACARI-ZEBRA Hypancistrus zebra Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1991 (SILURIFORMES, LORICARIIDAE)

The present work aimed to review the literature on studies carried out on the “acari-zebra” (Hypancistrus zebra Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1991). The data search was performed in four scientific databases (Capes journals, Google Scholar, Scielo, ScienceDirect and Web of Science Core Collection), using the scientific and common name of the species as keywords. Articles were selected when they had any of the keywords used in the title or abstract, excluding works from gray literature. After selecting the articles in the scientific databases, a careful reading was carried out in order to characterize the taxonomy, biology, ecology, fisheries and conservation status of H. zebra. The “acari-zebra” is an ornamental species endemic to the Xingu River basin, which has a high economic value internationally. It was recently added to the endangered species list due to overfishing of the species. Literature on H. zebra proved to be very scarce, with only basic information on taxonomy, fisheries, reproductive aspects and studies aimed at cultivation. Among the studies to be carried out, we highlight the characterization of growth and reproductive dynamics. These studies will enable a better understanding of the biology of the species and will contribute to a definition of the technological package of reproduction in captivity.

EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES ON FISH ASSEMBLAGE STRUCTURES IN THE MACHADO RIVER, AMAZON BASIN, BRAZIL

In this study, we examined the influence of the environmental characteristics of three microbasins of the Machado River on the distribution of fish assemblages in order to predict if its fish communities are influenced by abiotic factors. Sampling was conducted in first order streams in the microbasins of the Machado River, state of Rondônia, Brazil. In each stream, we selected two 150 m-long stretches on the main channel. The fish were sampled with different sizes of nets, stored in plastic bags, and taxonomically identified. At each site, the physiochemical parameters of the water (temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and electrical conductivity) were measured. Thus, abundance, richness and Hill’s diversity were estimated. The Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance (Permanova) was applied to determine the effect in fish abundance, richness and diversity, considering microbasins, physio-chemical water and seasons as explanatory variables. A distance-based redundancy analysis (dbRDA)was performed to determine the influence of physio-chemical properties of the water across the three microbasins and their effect on fish composition. We sampled a total of 6,432 individuals belonging to 4 orders, 19 families, and 56 species. Aequidens tetramerus, Serrapinnus cff. microdon and Serrapinnus aff. notomelas were the most abundant species. Conductivity was the only explanatory variable in which a significant difference was detected for the three response variables. The dbRDA indicated that 44.57% of the total variance was explained by the variables used and were significantly correlated with the abundance and composition of the ichthyofauna (F = 1.88, p = 0.035), conductivity and pH were the most relevant factors. A significant association between fish communities and abiotic factors supports the hypothesis that broad-scale patterns in fish communities in Amazonian small streams are, at least in part, structured by abiotic conditions.

PERFIL SOCIOECONÔMICO DA PISCICULTURA NO MUNICÍPIO DE BUJARU (PA), REGIÃO NORTE DO BRASIL

The objective of this study was to characterize the socio-economic profile of fish farming in the municipality of Bujaru (PA), through information of a social nature for producers and zootechnics of the production of the activity. Through non-probabilistic snowball sampling, questionnaires were applied to 30 fish farmers, performing image records during visits. The results were entered into the specific database, and submitted to descriptive statistical analysis (mean and standard deviation) in the BioEstat 5.3 program. Fish farming in Bujaru is carried out by male fish farmers (100%), most of whom are married (75%), with low education, exercising the activity for 5.10 ± 3.68 years. The production in the municipality is directed to species such as tambacu, pacu, tambaqui, pirapitinga, pirarucu and Nile tilapia, being carried out extensively, mostly in a family character, in excavated nurseries and igarapé channels, aiming at subsistence, commercialization and leisure. In addition to fish farming, producers develop other creations such as beef cattle, swine and poultry, as well as the planting of cassava, bananas and açaí. Regarding the inputs, the cost of the feed was costly and as for the acquired juveniles, many showed high mortality and heterogeneity in the lots. It also verified whether producers' dissatisfaction with public management in the activity, as well as their individualism, causing an obstacle to the development of the sector. The profile of the fish farming in Bujaru presented several obstacles, showing no potential for producers, due to the lack of technical assistance, lack of organization and incentive on the part of public policies in the activity.

CONQUILIOMETRIA DE GASTRÓPODES NERITÍDEOS DA PRAIA DE ACCRA, BARBADOS, MAR DO CARIBE

The present study aims to characterize the conquiliometry of four species of neritid gastropod molluscs (Nerita tessellata, Nerita fulgurans, Nerita versicolor and Nerita peloronta), collected at Accra Beach, Barbados Island. For the characterization of the neritid conquiliometric pattern, the external measures (total length, width and height of the shell) and the measures of length and width of the shell opening were first measured, classifying the allometry of the morphometric relationships performed. The results presented here indicate that the neritids used in this study have morphometry significantly correlated, with allometry classified as "negative". Furthermore, it indicates the height and length measurements of the opening that determine the morphological distinction between N. fulgurans and the other species of neritids used.

O TRABALHO DA MULHER PESCADORA: UM ESTUDO DE CASO NO ESTADO DO PARÁ

This study aimed to review the literature on studies carried out with women fishers in the state of Pará, namely their socioeconomic conditions and the role they play in artisanal fishing. The data search was performed on two platforms Google Scholar and BDTD, using exclusion and inclusion criteria and using logical operators. The inclusion criteria used were: i) works only with female fishers that were developed in the state of Pará; ii) works that were published in the last twenty years; iii) original works, which may be articles, dissertations and/or theses; iv) works that show the socioeconomic profile of female fishers in Pará; v) works that show the role of women in artisanal fishing. Exclusion criteria were: i) works published before 2001; ii) bibliographic review works and iii) works on fisherwomen, but which were not developed in the state of Pará, available on Google Scholar. The surveys were carried out mainly in the northeast of Pará and there are few works that show the economic and social profile of female fishermen. Despite playing an important role in artisanal fishing, especially in fish processing, the work of women fishers is still not recognized and they are still invisible to society.

DIVERSIDADE DE PEIXES NA ZONA COSTEIRA DO ESTADO DO MARANHÃO A PARTIR DE DADOS DA PESCA ESPORTIVA

The state of Maranhão has a vast coastline that promotes the development of coastal recreational fishery, an activity that has attracted more and more fans in recent years. In this context, the objective of this work was to demonstrate the importance of sport fishing as an auxiliary source in monitoring the diversity of fish on the beaches of the metropolitan region of São Luís, Maranhão, through the monitoring of sport fishing tournaments, held in December 2018 on the beach do Olho d‟água and in July 2019, at Araçagi beach. The captured fish were stored in isothermal boxes containing ice and transported to the laboratory for taxonomic identification. 252 specimens were captured, belonging to 19 species, and distributed in 10 families. The family Sciaenidae was the most representative with 3 species. The predominant species were Conodon nobilis and Genyatremus luteus from the Haemulidae family, which together represented 39% of the specimens captured on the Olho d‟água beach and 24% on the Araçagi beach. The individuals of C. nobilis had an average weight of 29.4 ± 12.7 g and an average length of 12.3 ± 2.0 cm, with a curve of weight x length ratio represented by the equation PT = 0.034 CT2.6637 and R2 = 0, 67, with b = 2.67. While in G. luteus, the individuals had an average weight of 96.5 ± 82.2 g and an average length of 15.8 ± 4.4 cm, with a curve of the weight x length ratio represented by the equation: PT = 0.0145CT3.0999 and R2 = 0.81, with b = 3.09. The diversity of fish in beach fisheries can contribute to studies of fishery biology to support the development of management strategies and conservation of fish stocks.

EVOLUÇÃO DOS DESEMBARQUES DE PESCADO EM ARACAJU, SERGIPE, BRASIL

Fishing on the Sergipe State coast is usually daily but depends on the tide. The main fishing landing port of the municipality of Aracaju is the Aracaju Fishing Terminal (T.P. Aracaju), located in the city center and responsible for 85% of the fishing landings. Data on fishing landings are essential tools for fisheries management, including caught species, fleet size, fishing gear and marketing. Therefore, this study’s aim was to analyze the data collected in the monitoring years from 2010 until 2016 at the T.P. Aracaju observing the developments of fish landings. The Fisheries Landings Monitoring Project - PMPDP specifically monitored and recorded the data at the Terminal Pesqueiro de Aracaju. The results showed that during the monitoring years the landings of fish from 92 vessels, locally called “lancha”, were recorded, of which 50 vessels originated from T.P. Aracaju and the other 42 vessels from other municipalities of Sergipe and other states of Brazil. The total annual production of landed fish was 426t in 2010, 567t in 2011, 504t in 2012, 761t in 2013, 910t in 2014, 822 in 2015 and 737 in 2016. Annual revenue ranged from BRL 2,985,582.00 in 2010 to BRL 8,225,128.7 in 2016, demonstrating that the sale of fish varied little in the years monitored. The work’s results show the real production landed in T.P. Aracaju, on which public policies of fisheries management in the state of Sergipe are based.

ESTRUTURA POPULACIONAL DO ARATU Goniopsis cruentata (LATREILLE, 1803) NO ESTUÁRIO DOS RIOS PIAUI/REAL, ESTADO DE SERGIPE, BRASIL

Artisanal fishing of aratu occurs throughout the northeastern coast, but their total catch is only estimated for three states, Pernambuco, Sergipe and Bahia. The aratu fishing is intense and few studies on the biology of the species, population dynamics and socioeconomic has been published. Therefore, this work aimed to characterize the population structure and reproductive aspects of G. cruentata, landed in the communities of Cajazeiras and Pontal, in Sergipe. The collections were made monthly when the new moon, from March 2015 to February 2016. The results showed that the carapace width (LC) of the animals ranged in Cajazeiras 25 to 53.8 mm and 59.6 mm in Pontal. Cajazeiras and Pontal showed different patterns for the percentage of females and males, considering the frequency of carapace width. Females were predominant in 26-48 mm class in Cajazeiras and in Pontal from 28 to 44 mm. The males were the majority in the longest lengths in Cajazeiras and Pontal, the result indicates that the males dominate in the longest lengths. Mature female maturation was found throughout the study with greater frequency in September in both mangroves studied. The estimated result of the wide average carapace at first maturity of females in Cajazeiras indicated value of 33.2 mm and males equal to 36.5 mm; Pontal for the female values was 31.2 mm and 36.8 mm male.

CLASSIFICAÇÃO E DESCRIÇÃO TÉCNICA DAS EMBARCAÇÕES PESQUEIRAS ATUANTES EM SANTARÉM, ESTADO DO PARÁ

This study aimed to characterize fishing boats in the municipality of Santarém. The data were collected through interviews carried out from January 2017 to December 2018, in places where the fishing fleet was busy and at various points the edge of the city. During this period, 150 semi-structured forms were applied mainly to the owners or agents of fishing boats and fishermen who landed fish, as well as the monitoring of landings and direct observations. The fishing boats in activity in the municipality and registered in the present study had dimensions varying from 3 to 20 meters in length, all units of the fishing fleet had the construction and structure in wood evidencing an artisanal production system. The fishing fleet was classified into seven categories: “cascos”, canoes, motorized canoes, “sapiaras”, “rabetão”, “bajaras” and “geleiras”, which differ in size, model and type of propulsion. The most frequent boats in the ports of Santarém were the group of canoes, in descending order of contribution, are the “rabetas”, canoes, “cascos”, “rabetão” and “sapiaras”, followed by the glaciers and “bajaras” boats. The physical conditions of the floodplain environment, with numerous canals, “paranás” and lakes that suffer fluctuations of the water level are determinant factors for the size of the boats justifying the great use of the hooves and canoes actually operating in the regional fishing activity, associated with a variation of fishing techniques that demand a differentiated means of transport. Therefore, this study proves that the fishing sector plays an important role in the regional economy, besides supplying the Santarém city.