Adjustment and socioeconomic status: how do these factors influence the intention to dropout of university?

This study investigated the effects of adjustment and socioeconomic status on the intention by undergraduate students to dropout of university. The sample comprises 955 students from a university in South Africa and a quantitative research approach was used to test the hypotheses. Regression analyses results showed that social adjustment and institutional attachment significantly predicted the intention to dropout, whereas academic adjustment and personal-emotional adjustment could not predict the intention to dropout. In addition, the results showed that socioeconomic status significantly moderated the relationship between academic adjustment and the intention to dropout of university; however, socioeconomic status could not moderate the relationship between institutional attachment and the intention to dropout of university. The results highlight the need for students to be supported in dealing with adjustment challenges during the transition to university. Furthermore, the results encourage universities to consider various academic needs of students from different socioeconomic backgrounds to improve their academic experiences.

SOCIO-CULTURAL PARADIGM OF THE LIFE OF THE NON-METROPOLITAN WRITERS« COMMUNITY

Statement of the problem. The research focuses on the specifics of the modern Siberian writers’ understanding of their place in the social and cultural space, the process and mechanisms of finding this place both in practical (everyday) and existential (existential) aspects. The purpose of the article is to consider the forms and methods of organizing writers’ communities in Irkutsk, discourses of self-presentations and their correlations with worldview and geography. Review of the scientific literature on the problem. Humanitarian studies of writers’ communities are few and limited both by certain chronological frames of the object under study (literary communities of the nineteenth century, the turn of the nineteenth/twentieth centuries, the Soviet period) and methodology-wise. Modern writers’ associations, organizations specific both institutionally and ideologically, rarely fall into the prism of humanitarian studies. Methodology (materials and methods). The research is interdisciplinary, which determines the choice of its materials and methods: sociolinguistic (interviews and questionnaires, correlation analysis), discourse analysis, contextual analysis, and cognitive-discursive approach. This article is based on the materials of interviewing and surveying forty-five writers of Irkutsk and the Irkutsk region. Research results. Membership in a certain organization is used as symbolic capital due to the struggle of two discursive practices – explicit “traditionalist” and implicit “other” ones (not designated by its adherents, but, according to their opponents, “anti-traditionalist”). It is the institutional attachment, according to the conflicting parties, that determines the ways of interaction with the culturally significant concepts of “Writer’s Community”, “Reader”, “Russian Literature”, “Siberian Literature”, “Traditions”, and “Innovation”. In geographical and socio-cultural aspects, respondents, by an absolute majority, choose a “national” strategy of self-presentation, inscribing their creativity in the space of Russian literature, in such direction as realism. Conclusion. The analysis of the empirical material allows us to identify two main equivalent tools of self-actualization and self-presentation of the modern Irkutsk writer: 1. Institutional attachment to a particular writers’ community (the Union of Writers of Russia, the Union of Russian Writers, the representative office of the Union of Russian Writers, the Irkutsk Regional Writers’ Organization); 2. The concept of “Great Russian literature” and belonging to it.

GAMBARAN COLLEGE ADJUSTMENT MAHASISWA BARU DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19

College adjustment comes from adjustment, which means the adjustment of students to the environment in college. The way students adjust during the first year of college is a prediction of significant life events later in their college career. In college adjustments, there are four dimensions, including academic adjustment, social adjustment, personal emotional adjustment, and goal commitment institutional attachment. This study aims to find an overview of first year college students during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study had 345 freshman college students as participants ranging in age from 18 to 25 who were studying at universities in Jakarta. The measuring instrument used was the Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire (SACQ). Based on the results of data processing carried out to describe college adjustment of first year college students during the Covid-19 pandemic using descriptive methods and different demographic data tests, it was found that college adjustments had differences in the gender of men and women, and had no differences in the type of college, age, faculty, and current residence. The results of this study can also be concluded that the dimension of goal commitment to institutional attachment has the highest mean value, followed by social adjustment, academic adjustment, and the lowest is personal emotional adjustment. This study also describes the high level of college adjustment based on its dimensions. College adjustment berasal dari adjustment yang artinya penyesuaian mahasiswa dengan lingkungan perguruan tinggi. Cara mahasiswa menyesuaikan selama tahun pertama kuliah merupakan prediksi peristiwa kehidupan yang signifikan di kemudian hari dalam karir perguruan tinggi. Dalam college adjustment, terdapat empat dimensi, antara lain academic adjustment, social adjustment, personal emotional adjustment, dan goal commitment institutional attachment. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran umum college adjustment mahasiswa baru di masa pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini memiliki 345 partisipan mahasiswa baru dengan rentang usia antara 18 hingga 25 tahun yang berkuliah di perguruan tinggi di daerah Jakarta. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire (SACQ). Berdasarkan hasil olah data yang dilakukan untuk menggambarkan college adjustment mahasiswa baru di masa pandemi Covid-19 dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif dan uji beda data demografi, didapatkan hasil bahwa college adjustment memiliki perbedaan pada jenis kelamin laki-laki maupun perempuan, serta tidak memiliki perbedaan pada jenis perguruan tinggi yang dipilih, usia, fakultas, dan tempat tinggal saat ini. Hasil penelitian ini juga dapat disimpulkan bahwa dimensi goal commitment institutional attachment memiliki nilai mean yang paling tinggi, disusul dengan social adjustment, academic adjustment, dan yang paling rendah adalah personal emotional adjustment. Penelitian ini juga menggambarkan tingkat tinggi rendahnya college adjustment berdasarkan dimensinya.

Compounded Vulnerability: The Consequences of Immigration Detention for Institutional Attachment and System Avoidance in Mixed-Immigration-Status Families

While an extensive body of literature has analyzed the spillover and intergenerational consequences of mass incarceration, fewer studies explore the consequences of a parallel system: mass immigration detention. Every year, Immigration and Customs Enforcement imprisons hundreds of thousands of noncitizens as they await adjudication on their deportation proceedings, sometimes for months or years at a time. Many detained individuals have lived in the United States for decades and have spouses and/or dependent children that rely on them. This analysis brings together research on immigrant families, mass incarceration, and system avoidance to examine the spillover consequences of immigration detention. Using a multigenerational and multi-perspective research design, we analyze 104 interviews conducted in California with detained parents, non-detained spouses/partners, and their school-age children. Findings suggest that members of these mixed-status families may limit their engagement with surveilling institutions during a family member’s detention. These experiences are rooted in what we call compounded vulnerability—that is, both in the experience of parental/spousal confinement but also as members of mixed-immigration-status families facing the possibility of deportation.

Emotional Detachment Moderates Associations Between Students’ Perceptions of Parental Support and First-Year College Adjustment: Generational Status Differences

First-year college students ( N = 384) self-reported parental support, emotional detachment from parents, and college adjustment. Higher levels of parental social support were associated with greater academic adjustment, social adjustment, and institutional attachment. Higher levels of emotional detachment were associated with greater institutional attachment. Emotional detachment moderated the association between parental support and college adjustment, with the nature of moderation differing by generational status. For first-generation students, higher levels of parental social support were associated with greater levels of academic adjustment when students were less detached from parents, but lower levels of academic adjustment when students were more detached from parents.

Compounded Vulnerability: The Consequences of Immigration Detention for Institutional Attachment and System Avoidance in Mixed-Immigration-Status Families

While an extensive body of literature has analyzed the spillover and intergenerational consequences of mass incarceration, fewer studies explore the consequences of a parallel system: mass immigration detention. Every year, Immigration and Customs Enforcement imprisons hundreds of thousands of noncitizens as they await adjudication on their deportation proceedings, sometimes for months or years at a time. Many detained individuals have lived in the United States for decades and have spouses and/or dependent children that rely on them. This analysis brings together research on immigrant families, mass incarceration, and system avoidance to examine the spillover consequences of immigration detention. Using a multigenerational and multi-perspective research design, we analyze 104 interviews conducted in California with detained parents, non-detained spouses/partners, and their school-age children. Findings suggest that members of these mixed-status families may limit their engagement with surveilling institutions during a family member’s detention. These experiences are rooted in what we call compounded vulnerability—that is, both in the experience of parental/spousal confinement but also in their positionality as members of mixed-immigration-status families facing the possibility of deportation.

Influence of Social Interaction on Workplace Motivation and Efficiency of Instructors: An Exploratory Case Study about an Online University in Pakistan

This study investigates the level of social interaction, its determinants and influence on the instructors’ motivation and work efficiency in an online university in Pakistan. Exploratory case study design has been used for this purpose. Data was gathered through participant observations and one-to-one interviews. Ten interviews were conducted from instructors belonging to four different departments. Observations were carried out for a period of one month. The study revealed that in the online university, level of social interaction was lower than a traditional one. Instructors pointed out various reasons behind it including high workload, seating arrangements, and attitude of some of the heads. Even when they had free time and opportunities, most of the them preferred browsing through the internet or chatting with their fellows through computers. It appeared that the online culture and intense human-computer interaction had made them addicted to machines. Almost all the instructors agreed that higher and better level of social interaction would improve their job motivation, work efficiency and institutional attachment. They suggested more relaxed environment, trips and social gathering, workshops and conferences involving all the departments, sports week for the faculty members, and facilities like canteen and staffroom for improved social interaction and work experience.

Peranan penyesuaian diri di perguruan tinggi terhadap stres akademik pada mahasiswa perantau di Jakarta

Banyaknya jumlah institusi pendidikan yang berkualitas di Jakarta menjadi salah satu faktor yang membuat mahasiswa memutuskan untuk merantau. Perubahan yang dialami mahasiswa perantau berbeda dengan mahasiswa non- perantau, mereka dituntut untuk lebih dapat menyesuaikan dirinya dengan transisi akademik dan juga hal di luar akademik seperti lingkungan sosial di daerah perantauannya. Kegagalan mahasiswa perantau dalam menyesuaikan dirinya di perguruan tinggi dan di lingkungan perantauannya dapat menyebabkan dampak negatif, salah satunya seperti stres akademik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana peranan penyesuaian diri di perguruan tinggi terhadap stres akademik dengan melibatkan 310 mahasiswa perantau di Jakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan alat ukur penyesuaian diri di perguruan tinggi (SACQ) dan stres akademik (ESSA). Hasil uji regresi ganda menunjukkan bahwa terdapat sebesar 17.9% peranan penyesuaian diri di perguruan tinggi terhadap stres akademik. Dimensi yang berperan terhadap stres akademik yaitu personal-emotion adjustment dan institutional attachment.

Summer Bridge Inventory

This study used a mixed methods approach to investigate various adjustment issues of participants in a summer bridge program for engineering students at a predominantly White insitution (PWI) in the mid-southeastern region of the United States. Specifically, the academic, social, personal-emotional, and goal commitment and institutional attachment subscales of the Student Adaption to College Questionnaire (SACQ) were utilized for this purpose. The Summer Bridge Inventory (SBI) that was employed in this research revealed the summer bridge participants' opinions about the strengths and weaknesses of the program and its related activities.

PERANAN PENYESUAIAN DIRI DI PERGURUAN TINGGI TERHADAP STRES AKADEMIK PADA MAHASISWA PERANTAU DI JAKARTA

Banyaknya jumlah institusi pendidikan yang berkualitas di Jakarta menjadi salah satu faktor yang membuat mahasiswa memutuskan untuk merantau. Perubahan yang dialami mahasiswa perantau berbeda dengan mahasiswa non- perantau, mereka dituntut untuk lebih dapat menyesuaikan dirinya dengan transisi akademik dan juga hal di luar akademik seperti lingkungan sosial di daerah perantauannya. Kegagalan mahasiswa perantau dalam menyesuaikan dirinya di perguruan tinggi dan di lingkungan perantauannya dapat menyebabkan dampak negatif, salah satunya seperti stres akademik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana peranan penyesuaian diri di perguruan tinggi terhadap stres akademik dengan melibatkan 310 mahasiswa perantau di Jakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan alat ukur penyesuaian diri di perguruan tinggi (SACQ) dan stres akademik (ESSA). Hasil uji regresi ganda menunjukkan bahwa terdapat sebesar 17.9% peranan penyesuaian diri di perguruan tinggi terhadap stres akademik. Dimensi yang berperan terhadap stres akademik yaitu <em>personal­­-emotion adjustment</em> dan <em>institutional attachment</em>.