scholarly journals The effect of the organic plant protection system on the chemical composition and quality of grapes and red wines

2021 ◽  
Vol 285 ◽  
pp. 05024
Author(s):  
Elena Ostroukhova ◽  
Irina Peskova ◽  
Natalia Lutkova ◽  
Elena Stranishevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Conservative System ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Red Wines ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Organic Farming System ◽  
Plant Protection System

The biologization of viticulture is considered as a necessary attribute of its effective functioning, aimed at reducing environmental and economic risks. Comparative studies of the effect of conservative system of agriculture, including chemical crop protection, and the organic system with using preparations Extrasol, Respecta, Chitosan, Tiovit Jet on physicochemical indicators and quality of grapes and wines were carried out. We used grape cultivar ‘Bastardo magarachskiy’ from the South Coast area of Crimea. It was found that using preparations in the organic farming system contributed to the accumulation (α<0.05) of sugars in berries on average by 15%, phenolic compounds – by 13-22%, anthocyanins – by 23%, and PPO activity of the must. Experimental schemes of treatment did not influence the accumulation of aldehydes in berries. Their effect on the content of ketoacids was determined by the crop year conditions. Experimental wines were distinguished by a higher (α<0.05) content of ethyl alcohol, phenolic compounds (on average by 46%), anthocyanins (1.6 times), pyruvic and α-ketoglutaric acids (1.6 and 1.9 times) and a lower (by 20 %) concentration of aldehydes. Experimental schemes of treatment did not influence on the organoleptic of wines. The best result was shown by the complex of Tiovit Jet and Extrasol.

scholarly journals Chemical and mineral characteristics, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of blackberries grown in an organic system

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. e3272
Author(s):  
Rafaela Schmidt Souza ◽  
Carlos Roberto Martins ◽  
Luis Eduardo Corrêa Antunes ◽  
Márcia Vizzotto ◽  
Ana Cristina Richter Krolow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Mineral Characteristics ◽  
Organic Farming System

Blackberry bushes have increasingly drawn producers’ and consumers’ interest since they find their cultivation characteristics, production and nutraceutical qualities advantageous. Both chemical and mineral characteristics, bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity found in blackberries are extremely relevant factors to be considered when cultivars are chosen. Chemical analyses of the nutritional composition of fruit is important, since they can help studies of quality genotypes. Besides, fruit with high nutritional values contribute to human health when they are often consumed. This study aimed at evaluating chemical and mineral characteristics, besides bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity, of different blackberry bush genotypes grown in an organic farming system in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil. Production, soluble solid content, hydrogenionic potential, total titratable acidity, SS/TA ratio, minerals, phenolic compounds, anthocyanins and antioxidant activity of six blackberry bush genotypes – ‘Tupy’, ‘BRS Xingu’, Selection Black 178, Selection Black 128, Selection Black 112 and Selection Black 145 – were evaluated. It was a randomized block design with three replicates of every plant. Selection Black 178 yielded fruits with the highest value of SS/TA ratio and had the highest accumulated production. The highest anthocyanin content was found in ‘BRS Xingu’. Selection Black 112 had the highest total contents of phenolic compounds and the highest antioxidant activity, whereas ‘Tupy’ exhibited their lowest values. Selection Black 178 adapted well to the organic farming system, a fact that did not happen to Selection Black 128.

scholarly journals Nutritional Value of Jerusalem Artichoke Tubers (Helianthus tuberosus L.) Grown in Organic System under Lithuanian and Polish Conditions

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 440
Author(s):  
Barbara Sawicka ◽  
Honorata Danilčenko ◽  
Elvyra Jariene ◽  
Dominika Skiba ◽  
Leszek Rachoń ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Jerusalem Artichoke ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Block Method ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Organic Farming System ◽  
True Protein

The aim of the study was to assess the nutritional value of H. tuberosus tubers grown in the organic farming system in Poland and Lithuania. The work was based on field experiments carried out in 2015–2017 in Parczew (Poland) and Akademija (Lithuania). The experiments were carried out using the randomized block method in four replications. Two cultivars of Jerusalem artichoke (JA) ‘Albik’ and ‘Rubik’ were tested. After the harvest of tubers, an assessment of their quality was carried out by standard methods. Due to the relocation of JA cultivation from Central and Eastern Europe to Northeast Europe, there were changes in the chemical composition of H. tuberosus tubers. The tubers from crops in Lithuania were characterized by a lower content of inulin, crude fiber and protein, ascorbic acid, total and endogenous amino acids than in Poland, but a higher content of true protein and macroelements. Edaphic factors determined, to a greater extent than genetic factors, the nutritional value of tubers. Assessment of the influence of varietal characteristics, meteorological conditions, and geographic location on the amount of biologically active compounds in JA will allow growers and consumers to choose the most suitable cultivars.

scholarly journals Organic Farming Increases the Technical Efficiency of Olive Farms in Italy

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Maria Raimondo ◽  
Francesco Caracciolo ◽  
Concetta Nazzaro ◽  
Giuseppe Marotta
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
Direct Sales ◽  
Organic Farming System ◽  
The Impact

While there is growing recognition of the positive role played by organic farming in the reduction of the negative externalities due to conventional agriculture, there is uncertainty about the effect of the latter on the economic performance of the farms. In this scenario, the present paper aims at investigating the effect of organic farming on technical efficiency in Italian olive farms. A cross-section dataset was analyzed through the stochastic frontier function, where the adoption of organic farming was explicitly modeled. Then, to obtain an unbiased estimate of the impact of organic farming on technical efficiency, a propensity score matching method was implemented. The findings reveal that organic farming increases technical efficiency in Italian olive farms by approximately 10%. The highest impact of organic farming is observed in small farms. As for the propensity to become organic, we found that the production and the direct sales of a higher quality of gross marketable output, as well as the intensity of labor and machines, increase the probability to adopt organic farming. Conversely, farm localization, the availability of family labor, and financial capital discourage conversion to the organic farming system.

scholarly journals Effect of grape yield and maceration time on phenolic composition of ‘Fetească neagră’ organic wine

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 12345
Author(s):  
Victoria ARTEM ◽  
Arina O. ANTOCE ◽  
Elisabeta I. GEANA ◽  
Aurora RANCA
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Phenolic Composition ◽  
Red Wines ◽  
Technological Interventions ◽  
Phenolic Profiles ◽  
Organic Wine ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Grape Yield

The phenolic composition of wine is mostly determined by the accumulation of the phenolic compounds in the grapes, as well as their extraction into wine. To increase their concentration in grapes, yield reduction is usually performed by pruning, while to increase the extraction in wines, the maceration on skins is extended for longer periods of time. The present study focuses on the possibilities to apply both strategies to improve the polyphenol composition of organic red wines of Romanian variety ‘Fetească neagră’, which stands to benefit more from technological interventions than other varieties, which naturally accumulate higher phenol concentrations in the grapes. In the vineyard three experimental pruning variants were made, with 20, 28 and 36 buds/vine, while for wine, maceration was performed for either 8 or 16 days for each grape variant. The phenolic profiles of wines were determined by HPLC methods. The main anthocyanidins, such as malvidin, petunidin, delphinidin, peonidin and cyanidin, as well as the acylated and coumaroylated derivatives of malvidin and peonidin were quantitatively determined. Some other phenolic compounds, of various classes, such as gallic, p-benzoic, p-coumaric and ferulic acid, catechin, epicatechin, myricetin, quercetin and trans-resveratrol were also determined. The quality of the organic ‘Fetească neagră’ wines depended highly on the vintage, but yield reduction and the extension of skin maceration duration were especially beneficial in the less favourable year, when classical technologies lead to less accumulation of sugars, colour and other polyphenols. Concomitant application of both strategies led to the best results, irrespective of the year.

scholarly journals Probiotics as a Biocontrol Agent in Management of Post Harvest Diseases of Mango

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
K. Greeshma ◽  
C. D. Deokar ◽  
K. S. Raghuwanshi ◽  
V. K. Bhalerao
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Organic Farming System ◽  
Commercial Probiotics

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is the most important horticultural crop in Maharashtra as well as in India. However, this crop is well acclimatized to tropical and subtropical climatic regions. Post harvest losses caused by micro organisms are reported as from 30 to 35% losses with reduction in quality and quantity of marketable fruits and accounts for millions of dollars in perishable produce every year. Over the years, the plant protection was achieved by use of synthetic chemicals. However, use of probiotics for control of post harvest diseases has taken momentum in recent years in management of post harvest plant pathogens. The post harvest pathogens like Colletotrichum, Alternaria, Aspergillus, can be checked by post harvest probiotic sprays. Which include use of commercial probiotics (Prowel,Flora and Vbact) and Probiotic isolates, which are isolated and cultured from curd, fermented dosa material, fermented jowar and bajra flour. The studies on use of probiotics in the management of post-harvest diseases of mango conducted at Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeet, Rahuri, Ahmednagar during the period 2017-2019. suggest that the post-harvest pathogens particularly Colletotrichum, Alternaria can be managed as a post-harvest pathogen by sprays of probiotics under in-vitro conditions when the load of inoculums of these post-harvest pathogens are less on the fruits and the probiotic spray resulted in increase in the TSS (Total Soluble Sugars) brix (0.8-3.2) in the fruits and also be used to increase the shelf life of the fruits and to keep them as fresh for long time. The efficacy of probiotics against post-harvested pathogens indicates that probiotics can be used in management of post harvest diseases and they can form an integral part of organic farming system.

scholarly journals Systems of organic farming in spring vetch I: Biological response of sucking insect pests

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
Ivelina Nikolova ◽  
Natalia Georgieva
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Conventional Farming ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Foliar Fertilizer ◽  
Biological Insecticide ◽  
Organic Farming System

Four systems of organic farming and a conventional farming system were studied over the period 2012-2014. The organic system trial variants included: I - an organic farming system without any biological products used (growth under natural soil fertility) - Control; II - an organic farming system involving the use of a biological foliar fertilizer and a biological plant growth regulator (Polyversum+Biofa); III - an organic farming system in which a biological insecticide (NeemAzal T/S) was used; IV - an organic farming system including a combination of three organic products: the foliar fertilizer, the plant growth regulator and the bioinsecticide (Polyversum+Biofa+NeemAzal T/S). Variant V represented a conventional farming system in which synthetic products were used in combination (foliar fertilizer, plant growth regulator and insecticide: Masterblend+Flordimex 420+Nurelle D). Treatment of vetch plants with the biological insecticide NeemAzal in combination with Biofa and Polyversum resulted in the lowest density of sucking pests, compared to all other organic farming methods tested (i.e. without NeemAzal, with NeemAzal alone, and its combination with Biofa and Polyversum). The greatest reduction in pest numbers during the vegetation period in that variant was observed in species of the order Thysanoptera (36.0-41.4%), followed by Hemiptera, and the families Aphididae (31.6-40.3%) and Cicadellidae (27.3-28.6%). This combination showed an efficient synergistic interaction and an increase in biological efficacy as compared to individual application of NeemAzal. The highest toxic impact was found against Thrips tabaci, followed by Acyrthosiphon pisum. An analysis of variance regarding the efficacy against the species A. pisum, E. pteridis and T. tabaci showed that type of treatment had the most dominant influence and statistically significant impact.

scholarly journals Evidence-Based Phytoiatry, a New Approach in Crop Protection

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Marcello Iriti ◽  
Elena Maria Varoni
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Scientific Quality ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
Based Medicine ◽  
First Time

In the past decades, the scientific quality of biomedical studies has been hierarchically depicted in the well-known pyramid of evidence-based medicine (EBM), with higher and higher levels of evidence moving from the base to the top. Such an approach is missing in the modern crop protection and, therefore, we introduce, for the first time, this novel concept of evidence-based phytoiatry in this field. This editorial is not a guideline on plant protection products (PPP) registration, but rather a scientific and technical support for researchers involved in the general area of plant pathology, providing them with evidence-based information useful to design critically new studies.

scholarly journals Ecological footprint in the organic farming system 

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 503-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Lustigová ◽  
P. Kušková
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Ecological Footprint ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Organic Farming System ◽  
Natural Cycles

This text aims to introduce the results of the ecological footprint (EF) calculations in the system of organic agriculture (OA). The EF is an alternative indicator of the human activity impact on the environment. It is not calculated in monetary units but in hectares as an area needed for resourcing certain production or activity. OA is an agricultural system which respects natural cycles in ecosystems. It is based on old traditions and nowadays, with regard to environmental degradation, comes again forward. The text contains as well the results of some other researches studying mainly energy consumption in agriculture, which is further converted into the EF. The results, however, need to be compared very carefully, since the procedures of calculations as well as the organic farming rules in various countries or particular farms conditions and quality of input data of the mentioned studies may significantly differ. The authors cite them mainly because of illustrative reasons. &nbsp;

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