THE PERSISTENT CONFLICT, A CHARACTERISTIC OF THE CONCEPT OF APPROACHING THE HYBRID WAR IN THE EASTERN EUROPEAN OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

The Contemporary Eastern European operational environment is a complex system of actors, weapons and weapon systems, circumstances and conditions that manifest themselves in well-defined areas and that can directly influence decisions to use military capabilities. It may include both enemy and neutral or allied enemy forces and systems participating in the persistent conflict, as well as the culture of the population, the physical environment, local resources, the technological level, the political decision-maker and the executor. The lessons learned from the first part of this century convinced us that the Eastern European operational environment is quite conflictual; constantly changing at local and regional level, it falls into a dynamic, persistent and complex context, which, combined with energy blackmail strategies favor the emergence of hybrid dangers and threats to the stability and security of the Eastern European area. Through this article I want to give a firm and documented answer to questions related to: the conception of approaching the persistent hybrid conflict; the tendency of some actors to persist in tensions in the area of Eastern European insecurity and their concern to maintain the persistent conflict as a form of modern manifestation of Eastern European Community relations. Keywords: operational environment; persistent conflict; hybrid threats; hybrid operating system.

Chinese Foreign Policy In period presidency Both of Mao Zedong and Deng Chao Bing: A comparative study

The Chinese foreign policy may have been associated in the personal and political decision-maker as we find fluctuate fluctuated between those who hold decision Chinese solo of the magnitude of his leadership, "Mao Zedong" or for possession of the three authorities in his hand "Presidium of the Central Committee of the Communist Party and the state presidency and the presidency of the Military Committee," and the collective leadership actress of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau, and a small leadership groups to address urgent crises. And also I thought it was the Communist ideology adopting the Stalinist model, at the beginning of the PRC in 1949 until 1978. And began his leadership of China in the new track, the opposite of the old path, because contrary to policies of the past irrationality, and works on the application of an economic system Rashid aims to modernize China, which moved from a simple, isolated from the outside world to significant in foreign policy, its international impact of the State of the State.

1 Análisis multicriterio discreto: Un método facilitador para la toma de decisiones en el ordenamiento territorial.

El ordenamiento territorial es un proceso social que construye una configuración deseada del territorio. Dicho proceso inicia cuando se acuerda una imagen futura del modelo territorial hacia donde se canalizan los esfuerzos para su concreción. Esta etapa es un problema complejo, pues confluyen diferentes opiniones, intereses y conflictos difíciles de conciliar y, por lo general obstaculizan la ejecución del proceso. El análisis multicriterio es una herramienta que facilita esta primera etapa del OT mediante la selección de la alternativa más favorable desde el punto de vista social, ambiental y económico. Se presenta una aplicación del método para la resolución de un problema de ordenamiento territorial de expansión urbana para la ciudad de Marcos Juárez (República Argentina).Palabras clave: Conflictos sociales - expansión urbana dispersa - decisor político - Estado.Land Plannig is a social process that builds a desired territory configuration. This process begins when a future image of the territorial model is agreed upon, where the efforts for its concretion are channeled. This stage is a complex problem because different opinions, interests and conflicts are difficult to reconcile, and usually hamper the execution of the process. Multicriteria Analysis is a tool that facilitates this first stage of the LP by select ing the most favorable alternative from the social, environmental and economic point of view. An application of the method for the resolution of a territorial urban sprawl problem for the city of Marcos Juárez (Argentina) is presented.Keywords: Social conflicts – sprawl urban expansion political decision maker - State

The Operational Environment Influence on the Development Level of Military Structures

The war has not disappeared and will never disappear. It is constantly changing, in perfect correlation with those who created it, the people organized into social structures. It changes according to the changes in the operational environment, influenced, in turn, by the technical-scientific discoveries. All these changes impose a new philosophy of warfare in which the methods of creating and using forces acquire new valences generated by the diversity and the possibilities of access to the new technologies. Knowing the way in which indirect (having the potential) factors influence the fighting capacity of a military structure is just as useful for predicting the outcome of the operation/battle/war. Knowing this assessment, the military decision makers will be able to submit variants and solutions to the political decision maker, who will choose the one that he will appreciate as being the most appropriate.

Slovenian Socialist Parliament on the Eve of the Dissolution of the Yugoslav Federation: A feeble "ratification body" or important political decision-maker?

In 1986, on the eve of the dissolution of the Yugoslav Federation, the Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia was a rather boring authority, restricted to the bureaucratic and formalist framework. It consisted of non‑professional delegates without significant social influence, elected in a specific indirect manner. However, it was this very Assembly that passed several key decisions a few years later, leading to the introduction of a multi‑party system and elements of market economy, as well as strengthening the position of the republic. It seems that at the time this Assembly became the primary factor of transition and that it was this very institution that destabilised the Yugoslav federation. However, such an evaluation has nevertheless not asserted itself. The role of the socialist Assembly appears vague. Consequently the author, in his contribution, seeks to answer the following question: What sort of an authority body was the socialist Assembly? Initially the author presents the genesis of the Yugoslav Assembly system and its basic characteristics, and then he explores the three different levels or possible outlooks on the Assembly: legal level, perceptual level (how people saw the Assembly), and the level of internal mechanisms (how the parliamentary discussions changed).

Surrender: A Moral Imperative

The integrity with which a thinker, a political decision-maker, or a society can claim to hold to the just war tradition depends upon the readiness to draw and to implement the consistent negative conclusion, when the honest application of the classical “just war” criteria renders a negative reading on the justifiability of a given (or contemplated) military enterprise. The most qualified just war thinkers stated this conclusion firmly in the 1950's, but others have not pursued the theme with equal consistency.