Joko Widodo’s Fleeting Maritime Ambitions: An Actor-Specific Analysis of Indonesia’s Global Maritime Fulcrum

This study seeks to understand why President Joko ‘Jokowi’ Widodo decided to implement the Global Maritime Fulcrum (GMF) the way he did. It examines his foreign policy decisions through the actor-specific approach in foreign policy, specifically focusing on the role of the highest executive leader in making foreign policy decisions. This study seeks to understand why the GMF declined in its importance through the lens of actor-specific theory. It examines the relation between Jokowi’s psycho-milieu and his choices of foreign policy within the context of implementing the GMF vision by drawing from insights at the individual level, namely by understanding Jokowi’s political ‘self’. This study makes two observations. First, Jokowi’s inexperience in foreign policy led to a ‘hands-off’ approach in the issue areas observed. Second, his overt technocratic outlook contributed to ad-hoc decisions, which eventually impeded the development of key GMF policies. This study examines three issue areas related to the GMF: maritime policymaking, infrastructure development and diplomacy. Across these three areas, Jokowi has shown a tendency to avoid involvement in areas where he lacks expertise, which results in a haphazard implementation of the GMF.

Europe’s Seminal Proto-Fascist? Historically Approaching Ziya Gökalp, Mentor of Turkish Nationalism

This essay considers Ziya Gökalp, the received “spiritual father of Turkish nationalism”, as an early mastermind of fascism in Greater Europe. During the 1910s, Gökalp acted as a prophet of expansive war and as a mentor of demographic engineering in the Ottoman capital, Istanbul, which was a laboratory for new political styles in a crisis-ridden empire. Gökalp’s thinking longed for a supreme leader in an army-like, disciplined and hierarchised society, while it rejected a social contract-based nation and state. An influential inspiration for and beyond the new élites in the capital, Gökalp combined the call for radical modernisation according to “European civilisation” with an assertive essentialism based on völkisch (cultural-racial-ethnic Turkish) and religious (political Islamic) references. He was the chief ideologist of the Young Turk party-state (1913–18) – side by side with Talaat Pasha, its main executive leader – and “the father of my thoughts” for Kemal Atatürk.

Human Security in The Age of Electoral Democracy: Politico-Business Alliances in The Malang Regency, Indonesia

This study discusses the politico-business configuration of electoral democracy and its impact on human security in Malang. Indonesia's reforms in the post-Soeharto era marked by implementing new institutions of democracy through direct local elections (Pilkada), where people acquire their rights to directly determine their executive leader at both national and regional levels. Democracy institution is believed would naturally lead to greater human security. However, evidence -from the cases experienced in Malang- reveals a different result. The introduction of democratic institutions harmed human security because predatory alliances hijacked it. Liberal space as well as the opening up of elite competitions, provided by democracy, interfered with local politics. Both local politics and economic spheres were dominated by political and business elite coalitions. Also, the sustainability of good governance and democratic institutions tends to be dictated by the interests of these predatory elite alliances. Although there have been abundant studies on Indonesia’s democratization and decentralization, the problem of human security in the democratization process has rarely been conducted. This study, therefore, aims to reveal the practice of politico- business alliances in Malang that take over public resources and local budgets for their interests through the democratic institution. The significance of this study is an empirical contribution to develop an understanding of the process of how democratic institutions are hijacked by a few people (local elites) by seizing regional resources and sacrificing human security. Keywords: electoral democracy, human security, politico-business alliance, Malang Regency

Developing Business Skills in High School Students Using Project Activities

The most important requirement for today’s general education is the cultivation of humane and tolerant personality of the information society with well-developed business skills, which will allow him or her to successfully integrate into the complex social environment and act not only as a consumer but also as a producer, executive, leader, who can perform various social roles and determine the effectiveness and quality of his or her activities. The research aims to theoretically justify and experimentally verify the methodology for developing business skills in high school students using project activities. General education schools served as experimental facilities. The analysis of the experiment’s results took into account the number of group participants, as well as sampling representativeness (225 high school students aged between 14 and 17 in each group experimental and control). High school students’ understanding of the need for well-developed business skills is enhanced due to such forms and methods as reading biographies of prominent businessmen from all over the world; role-playing situations; meetings with people who have succeeded in economic, entrepreneurial, pedagogical and other fields; visits to companies, enterprises, cultural and scientific institutions; certain business games (“How can one live within one’s means?”, “Starting a business”, “Business communication”, “Manager’s working week”), conversations on such topics as “Is it difficult to be a businessman?”, “How can one succeed in learning?”, “Tell me about myself”; the “this is my opinion” student platform; participation in the youth forum of student organizations, an insight into business sites. The following diagnostic methods were used to identify the development level of certain business skills: the method called “Determining a self-focus” needed to identify business focus; the method called “Striving for achievements” needed to identify a striving for success; relevant tasks used to identify the level of key competencies; questionnaires about creativity; the communication and organization skills methodology needed to assess respective skills; methods for studying the level of subjective locus of control needed to assess responsibility; methods for identifying risk preparedness; the scale of reactive (situational) and personal anxiety needed to identify the level of self-control; the tolerance index questionnaire. The obtained results show that the number of high school students with a high level of business skills has increased by 12.8% in EG and only by 1.3 in CG. The number of high school students with an average level of business skills has increased by 3.8% in EG and by 0.6 in CG. Therefore, the comparison of EG and CG results proves the effectiveness of the proposed methodology for developing business skills in high school students using project activities.

Scouting as Community Support Opportunities for the Underserved to Exceed

It is absolutely critical that we have grand conversations about supporting young males of color in our communities. Though this conversation is now front and center, it has not always been this way. There have always been some organizations that were having this conversation behind closed doors and quietly. Historic organizations like the Boy Scouts of America have acted as a conduit to allow communities of color to mentor and support their boys and young men in ways that were authentic to the needs of the community and the resources that the community had to offer. This case study examines that infrastructure and those resources through the eyes of an executive leader within Boy Scouts of America who is also an African American male. This is a case study of nonprofit accountability within communities of color.

A MULHER EXECUTIVA NA ATUALIDADE: A CONSTRUÇÃO DA LÍDER FEMININA * EXECUTIVE WOMEN IN THE PRESENT: THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE FEMALE LEADER

Este artigo busca observar o funcionamento do discurso da mídia empresarial na construção da imagem da mulher executiva na contemporaneidade, momento histórico-social configurado pela conquista de um espaço de liderança para a mulher, mas também momento em que o discurso machista atravessa essa conquista e transforma o espaço em lugar de luta pelo direito de ser mulher e empresária. Para tanto, analisamos duas reportagens da revista empresarial HSM Management, direcionadas aos profissionais do mundo corporativo, que tratam da mulher de negócios, a partir dos estudos em Análise do Discurso, especialmente das reflexões de Michel Foucault. Os resultados mostram que a hegemonia histórica construída sobre o homem como líder executivo ainda pauta a construção da mulher no meio empresarial.*This paper seeks to observe the operation of the business media discourse in the construction of the executive woman image in contemporaneity, a social-historical moment configured by the conquest of a leadership space for women, but also at a time when the sexist discourse crosses this conquest and changes the space into a fighting place for the right to be a woman and a businesswoman. Therefore, we have analyzed two articles in the business magazine HSM Management, aimed at professionals in the corporate world, who deal with businesswomen, based on the studies in Discourse Analysis, especially from Michel Foucault's reflections. The results show that the historical hegemony built on the man as executive leader still guides the construction of women in the business environment.