The Role of The Community in Combating The Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia

Corona Virus Diseases 19 (Covid-19) has become a global threat. The role of the community is very much needed to break the chain of transmission of Covid-19. This study aims to determine the role of the Indonesian people in overcoming the Covid-19 pandemic in general, health, education, and the economy. Research method: using SLR. Data is collected from Scopus and indexed journals through a science direct and Garuda-based data system. Data were analyzed using content analysis techniques. Research Results: Indonesian people have implemented health protocols in the form of using masks outside the home, complying with PSBB policies, washing hands regularly. In the health sector, supporting health workers by helping to raise funds for PPE, conducting regional quarantine. In supporting education policies during the Covid-19 period, the context of which is the government, teachers, and parents, have been with all their might and dedication to provide facilities for students in the form of data packages, relaxation of curriculum policies, elimination of National Examinations, the effectiveness of teaching and learning activities in Indonesia. during the pandemic. To respond to the economic downturn itself, the community supports the return of the Indonesian economy, such as opening small businesses online, supporting policies for providing assistance and relaxing MSME loans by submitting small businesses, supporting government policies on tax relaxation. while still paying taxes. Conclusion: In general, the Indonesian people have been quite disciplined in trying to prevent the spread of COVID-19, both in the fields of health, education, and the economy.

Enactments of Curriculum Policies in Greek Secondary Education: Regulative Discourses and the Reproduction of Social Inequalities

Many critical research studies have documented the complex ways in which global policies on school curricula are reshaped at national and local levels. This paper focuses on the discourses which regulate the recontextualizations of global policies in local school settings. The paper presents an empirical study on the enactments of language curricula in the Greek school education system. Using Bernstein’s theory of knowledge pedagogization, we analyze data produced by semi-structured interviews and classroom observations in five lower secondary state schools with socially and ethnically diverse student populations, in the inner city of Athens. Our findings show that, while the socially disadvantaged schools are regulated by discourses on inclusion, in the more advantaged schools of the study regulative discourses are related to performance management concerns. The paper points to the potential implications of such discourses, claiming that challenging educational inequalities requires to identify and act upon the discourses regulating teachers’ practices.

The teaching participation in curricular elaboration processes: Paulo Freire's democratic experience in São Paulo

Background: The Curriculum Reorientation Movement proposed by educator Paulo Freire and carried out in the city of São Paulo, from 1989 to 1992, when he was secretary of education, was an educational management experience that, by developing a public policy for the production of curriculum documents for primary schools, recognized the key position of the teacher's work at school and moved it to the center of the discussion process, inaugurating a dynamic of dialogue and reflection that had not been experienced so far. Objective: To think and discuss about which has been the place for teaching work in the curricular policies, as well as its effects on the teaching profession and identity. Design: a part of a research already completed, for which documents, interviews and the analysis of the relevant bibliography were taken as the basis for taking and analyzing data from the investigated process. The documents are all those prepared by the management to conduct the curriculum policy in question; Among the interviewees, a small group composed of different actors involved in the curriculum reorientation process (manager, specialist technician, pedagogical advisor and teacher) was used to compose a panel of points of view of the different subjects responsible for the formulation, mediation and execution curriculum policies in schools; and by the bibliographical research. Setting and participants: Although the interviews do not explicitly constitute the cut that originated this text, some of the curricular policy makers and also mathematics teachers who worked in public schools in São Paulo at the time were interviewed. Data collection and analysis: The documents analyzed were obtained from the Memory Center of the Municipal Education Department of São Paulo. The analysis allowed us to identify a set of documents that led to curriculum reorganization. We identified, in documents, interviews and bibliographical research, how teachers participated in the curriculum development process. Results: The “non-place” given to teaching work in the prescriptive curricular policies, such as the BNCC, actively produces the teaching work as fragile, inconsistent, ineffective, and inefficient, weakening it and favoring its deprofessionalization. This weakening of the teaching work, actively produced, is used, as in a cycle, to justify more centralized, more prescriptive, and more authoritarian curricular policies. Conclusion: a democratic experience in curriculum policy can reaffirm the autonomy, authority and otherness of teachers. Freire's curriculum policy, despite its limits and obstacles, presented itself as capable of promoting and expanding the spaces for its collective and authorial participation and construction.

Mathematics Teachers and Curriculum: Authors or Actors?

Background: Among the plurality of themes addressed by curricular studies, the nature of decision-making processes involving education professionals has guided some research agendas. Delineated by one of those agendas, this text starts by asking what the participation of teachers in processes involving curriculum is. Objective: To analyse the rationality underlying the involvement of mathematics teachers in the context of curriculum reforms in Brazil and Portugal, presenting a theoretical basis inspired by Jürgen Habermas and its suitability to discuss teachers’ participation as authors or actors of curricula reforms. Design: Reconstructive analysis of rationality according to the Habermasian discursive ethics. Settings and participants: The context of a comparative study that surveys documents and interviews with two managers of a curricular reform project in Portugal and Brazil, respectively. Data collection and analysis: Analysis of the rationality that underlies the discourse present in curriculum documents of the countries involved and interviews. Results: Centralising elements of national curriculum policies do not mean by themselves the homogenisation of curricula, the rationality that underlies how projects predict the participation of teachers express an illusory discursive varnish about “teachers actively participating,” there are spaces of micropolicies with controlled margin of changes that advocate mathematics teachers as builders of policies, but the mechanisms of external regulation contradict this. Conclusions: Historically, in both countries, the educational systems, even expressing a rhetorical discourse on autonomy and flexibility, have remained hostages to the regulation of centralist global policies.

Overcoming obstacles in implementing 2013 curriculum policy

Teachers as curriculum implementers face various obstacles in its implementation. This study reports on teachers' views on the implementation of curriculum policies 2013 (K-13), the obstacles encountered, and efforts to overcoming and managing obstacles. The number of participants is ten teachers who have implemented K-13. Data were collected through the group, individual interviews and questionnaires. Data were analysed using a percentage model, Likert scale measurement. The study results: the teacher's view of the implementation of the K-13 policy was classified as bad. Most of the teachers have difficulty implementing K-13. The obstacles faced are that the teacher has difficulty determining learning media, applying project-based learning methods, lack of infrastructure, and learning assessment difficulties. Recommendations for future improvements: need continuous training, adequate infrastructure, activate subject teacher deliberations, monitoring and evaluation. Keywords: 2013 curriculum policy, implementation 2013 curriculum policy, manage obstacles, teachers' opinions.

Mushkilatu Tanfīdhi Manhaji Qismi Ta’līmi al-Lughati al-Arabiyyati Khilāla Taghayyuri Siyāsati al-Tarbiyyati al-Indonesiyyati: Dirasatu al-Hālati fī Jāmi’ati Madura al-Islamiyyati al- Ḥukūmiyyati

In Indonesia, higher education curriculum policies have undergone many changes, from KBI, KBK, KPT, KPT-KKNI, and now KPT-KKNI-Merdeka Campus. Every change must leave much time-space for understanding, evaluation to the implementation stage. The reality is that many universities cannot adapt quickly. This study aims to determine how the Arabic Teaching Education Program of IAIN Madura breaks down the courses in a curriculum structure and the problems they face in implementing the curriculum, especially in formulating its curriculum structure. This study used a case study approach. The main subject was the curriculum of Arabic Teaching Education Program of IAIN Madura. Data collection methods used were interviews and documentation. The data analysis technique consisted of three activity lines, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that the curriculum structure of the Arabic Teaching Education Program of IAIN Madura did not meet the curriculum structure standards as guidelines for curriculum formulation made by the government. The problems in formulating the curriculum structure are 1) Lack of understanding of policymakers on government policies. 2) There is no technical guideline for curriculum development along with the deadline for Study Program Accreditation Renewal. 3) Lack of curriculum development funds.

Collaboration of Educational Actors in Formulating Integrated Curriculum Based on Islamic Values in Aceh

The Province of Aceh has a robust legal basis and umbrella in implementing an education system based on Islamic values following the mandate of Law No. 11 of 2006 and is described in the provincial and district qanuns of North Aceh. Implementing the special autonomy policy in education gives the Aceh Provincial government the flexibility to develop creative and innovative Islamic-based programs following the characteristics of Aceh's privileges. This study aims to analyze the formulation of Islamic values-based curriculum education policies in primary education and the collaborative actors involved in forming Islamic values-based educational curriculum policies. The research was used the descriptive qualitative method. The informants were determined by purposive sampling. The study found no synergy of cross-actor in collaborative governance in the formulation of Islamic values-based Aceh education curriculum policies. Thus, the implementation of education programs based on Islamic values was interpreted and meant differently among agencies. In addition, the National Curriculum strongly dominated the implementation of Aceh education in primary education, while local policies on Islamic values were few. Therefore, the policies of providing education do not reflect the specificity of Aceh's privileges. Besides that, the Islamic-based education policy program was not explained in a more detailed derivative policy.

Curriculum and Character Education:

This research is motivated by the phenomenon of the low character of students in responding to 21st-century globalization. Because of this, it is important to ask whether curriculum policies have prepared students to be adaptive to these dynamics. This article aims to analyze the character content and the gradations of student social development in the domain of attitudes in the applicable educational curriculum in Indonesia. This study used a qualitative content analysis method with a directed type design and a framework of eight character strengths that took the coding, theoretical approach, findings, and analysis stages of the Regulation of the Minister of Education and Culture Republic of Indonesia document number 20 of 2016 concerning Basic and Secondary Education Graduate Competency Standards (SKL). The research found: first, the character content is in the attitude domain; spiritual and social, aimed at shaping the character strength of students to become religious, honest, caring, lifelong learners, and physically and mentally healthy; second, the gradation of student social development still focuses on real social development, and has not included the gradation of virtual social development of students as an effort to respond to 21st-century globalization. Therefore, this study recommends the Indonesian government revitalize the character content of SKL in educational curriculum policies by considering two forms of gradation of both real and virtual social development of students as the next generation of the nation.

Curriculum Proposals

Curriculum proposals are sets of visionary statements intended to project what some person or group believes schools or school systems should adopt and utilize in formulating their actual curriculum policies and programs. Curriculum proposals are presented when there is a perceived need for change from curriculum that is currently in place. The specific changes stated in a curriculum proposal can be either quite limited or very comprehensive. If a totally restructured curriculum is recommended, particular prescriptions are necessarily based on some overall conception of what curriculum is by definition and what its constituent elements are, and therefore what topics are to be addressed in a curriculum proposal. Attempts have been made to conceptualize curriculum holistically, as an entity clearly distinguished from all other phenomena, but no agreed upon conception has emerged. To provide a new theoretical and practically useful framework for how curriculum may be conceived, a 10-component conceptualization of curriculum has been stipulated, elucidated, and illustrated for use in designing curriculum policy, programmatic curriculum plans, or formal curriculum proposals. In this conceptualization, curriculum is defined as having the following interrelated components: (a) focal idea and intended purpose(s), (b) unique objective(s), (c) underlying assumptions and value commitments, (d) program organization, (e) substantive features, (f) the character of the student’s educational situation/activity/process, (g) unique approaches/methods for use by the teacher/educator, (h) program evaluation, (i) supportive arrangements, and (j) justifications/rationale for the whole curriculum. Any proposal for total curriculum change should make prescriptions related to all these components. Discussion of other aspects related to curriculum proposals include how to locate existing curriculum proposals, how to analyze them in relation to this new conceptualization of curriculum, how to choose suitable ones among them for possible adoption, and how to translate a curriculum proposal into actual curriculum policies or plans.