Solid proton-conducting ceramic electrolyte for energy storage units

The paper considers the electrochemical properties of potassium polytitanate synthesized at the values of pH varying from 3 to 8 in a wide temperature range from −26 to +80°C. The conductivity values and the activation energy were determined with the help of the method of impedance spectroscopy. The application of the obtained material used as a ceramic solid electrolyte in the energy storage units operating at low temperatures in the Far North is considered in the article.

Sorbent Based on Polyvinyl Butyral and Potassium Polytitanate for Purifying Wastewater from Heavy Metal Ions

Currently, the rapid development of industry leads to an increase in negative anthropogenic impacts on the environment, including water ecosystems. This circumstance entails toughening environmental standards and, in particular, requirements for the content of pollutants in wastewater. As a result, developing technical and cost-effective ways for wastewater purification becomes relevant. This study is devoted to the development of a novel composite sorbent, based on polyvinyl butyral and potassium polytitanate, designed to purify water from heavy metal ions. The co-deposition of a mixture based on a polymer solution and a filler suspension was used to obtain a composite material. In this work, the influence of the deposition conditions on the structure and properties of the resulting composites was studied, as well as the optimal ratio of components, including solvent, precipitant, polymer binder, and filler, were established. In the course of this study on the sorption properties of the developed composite materials using various sorption models, the sorption capacity of the obtained material, the sorption mechanism, and the limiting stage of the sorption process were determined. The developed sorbent can be suitably used in the wastewater treatment systems of galvanic industries, enterprises producing chemical current sources, and in other areas.

Wastewater Treatment from Lead and Strontium by Potassium Polytitanates: Kinetic Analysis and Adsorption Mechanism

The reduction of heavy and radioactive metal pollution of industrial wastewater remains a vital challenge. Due to layered structure and developed surface, potassium polytitanate had potential in becoming an effective sorbent for metal extraction from wastewater in the presented paper. On the basis of the different sorption models, this paper studied the mechanism of Pb2+ and Sr2+ cation extraction from aqueous solution by non-crystalline potassium polytitanate produced by molten salt synthesis. The ion exchange during metal extraction from model solutions was proven by kinetic analysis of ion concentration change, electronic microscopy, and X-ray fluorescence analysis of sorbent before and after sorption, as well as by theoretical modeling of potassium, lead, and strontium polytitanates. The sorption was limited by the inner diffusion in the potassium polytitanate (PPT) interlayer space, as was shown using the Boyd diffusion model. The sorption processes can be described by Ho and McKay’s pseudo-second-order model compared to the Lagergren pseudo-first-order model according to kinetic analysis. It was found that the ultimate sorption capacity of synthesized sorbent reached about 714.3 and 344.8 (ions mg/sorbent grams) for Pb2+ and Sr2+ ions, respectively, which was up to four times higher than sorption capacity of the well-known analogues. Therefore, the presented study showed that potassium polytitanate can be considered as a promising product for industry-scaled wastewater purification in practice.

Development of bioactive and biocompatible ceramic composites based on potassium polytitanate

Bioactive and biocompatible composites were successfully prepared by reactive sintering of mixtures of a crystalline titanate precursor and 45S5 Bioglass?. The polytitanate/glass precursor ratios were 20/80, 40/60, 60/40 or 80/20 (wt.%). The powder mixtures were uniaxially pressed and heat treated at 1000 ?C for 1 h. During sintering, intensive interactions between raw materials occurred. The formed main crystalline phases were: potassium hexatitanate (K2Ti6O13), calcium titanate (CaTiO3), calcium silicate (CaSiO4) and sodium-calcium silicate (Na6Ca3Si6O18). Additionally, a Si-rich glassy phase was also observed. The mechanism of apatite formation indicated that both crystalline and amorphous phases play important roles in this process. A homogeneous apatite layer was formed on Si-OH, Ti-OH-rich interfaces. In vitro bioactivity was assessed using simulated body fluid (SBF K-9). The in vitro cytotoxicity behaviour was evaluated using a human osteoblastlike cells model and compressive strength by ASTM C-773 standard. All the composites demonstrated high bioactivity as cytotoxicity assays indicated a biocompatibility similar to that of the negative control. The samples showed high cell adherence and elongation cell characteristics similar to those observed on biocompatible systems. The compressive strength of the sintered samples decreased as the polytitanate content precursor was increased. The results obtained indicate that these materials are highly promising composites for medical applications.

Elaboration and Investigation of Metallic Coating with Inclusion of Potassium Polytitanate

The possibility of receiving of compositional Ni-P coating modified by potassium polytitanate was analyzed. An aqueous solution to obtain the composite coatings on the basis of nickel-phosphorus alloy modified by K2О·nTiO2 onto steel details of the friction knots was developed. The complex oxide K2О·nTiO2 represents a layered material from the scaly form nanocrystals with 20-80 nm thick and "diameter" 280 nm. The velocity forming of the modified compositional Ni-P coating was investigated, and the optimal quantity of the introduced potassium polytitanate (8 g/l), as a modified compound into solution, was determined, too. The tribological characteristics and micro-hardness of the resulting coatings depending on the chemical composition of solution and surface state of the rider were investigated.