scholarly journals Establishing rational conditions for obtaining potassium glycerate

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (6 (111)) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Natalia Sytnik ◽  
Ekaterina Kunitsia ◽  
Viktoria Mazaeva ◽  
Anton Chernukha ◽  
Kostiantyn Ostapov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Molar Concentration ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Basic Substance ◽  
Heating Duration

This paper reports a study into the dependence of efficient glycerate potassium production involving glycerin and potassium hydroxide solution on the process conditions. The concentration of potassium glycerate in the resulting product has been used as a parameter of the efficient glycerate potassium production process. Glycerates of metals are applied to produce articles in the construction industry, electronics, medicine; they are employed as transesterification catalysts to obtain special fats for various purposes, as well as biodiesel fuel. In order to derive potassium glycerate, heating was applied while agitating a mixture of glycerin and potassium hydroxide. The analysis of potassium hydroxide was performed, in which the basic substance mass fraction was 85.5 %, the mass fraction of carbonate potassium – 0.9 %. The p.a.-grade glycerin was applied in this work, whose basic substance mass fraction was 99.5 %. The effect of the heating temperature of the reaction mixture on the concentration of potassium glycerate in the product has been determined. It has been shown that the rational heating temperature is 145 °C. The dependence of potassium glycerate concentration in the resulting product on the following conditions of the process has been established: a change in the molar concentration of glycerin and a reaction mixture heating duration. Such rational conditions for obtaining potassium glycerate have been defined as a molar concentration of glycerin of 60 % and a heating duration of 4 hours. The experimentally established concentration of potassium glycerate in the product under these conditions was 75.77 %. For potassium glycerate, the melting point (69 °C) and the mass fraction of moisture (0.8 %) have been determined. The results of experimental studies would make it possible to obtain potassium glycerate directly at enterprises where the glycerates of metals are used, from available raw materials, under rational conditions. The defined conditions for obtaining potassium glycerate could make it possible to efficiently utilize material and energy resources.

Kinetics and mechanism of cyclization of N-(2-methoxycarbonylphenyl)-N’-methylsulphonamide to 3-methyl-(1H)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide

1991 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 1701-1710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaromír Kaválek ◽  
Vladimír Macháček ◽  
Miloš Sedlák ◽  
Vojeslav Štěrba
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Acid Catalysis ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Hydroxide Solution ◽  
General Base ◽  
Rate Limiting Step ◽  
Limiting Step ◽  
Cyclization Kinetics ◽  
Rate Limiting ◽  
Kinetics Of

The cyclization kinetics of N-(2-methylcarbonylphenyl)-N’-methylsulfonamide (IIb) into 3-methyl-(1H)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide (Ib) has been studied in ethanolamine, morpholine, and butylamine buffers and in potassium hydroxide solution. The cyclization is subject to general base and general acid catalysis. The value of the Bronsted coefficient β is about 0.1, which indicates that splitting off of the proton from negatively charged tetrahedral intermediate represents the rate-limiting and thermodynamically favourable step. In the solutions of potassium hydroxide the cyclization of dianion of the starting ester IIb probably becomes the rate-limiting step.

scholarly journals Equilibrium modeling of mono and binary sorption of Cu(II) and Zn(II) onto chitosan gel beads

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Józef Nastaj ◽  
Małgorzata Tuligłowicz ◽  
Konrad Witkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ion ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Optimal Process ◽  
Sorption Data ◽  
Gel Beads ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Equilibrium Data ◽  
Chitosan Gel

Abstract The objective of the work are in-depth experimental studies of Cu(II) and Zn(II) ion removal on chitosan gel beads from both one- and two-component water solutions at the temperature of 303 K. The optimal process conditions such as: pH value, dose of sorbent and contact time were determined. Based on the optimal process conditions, equilibrium and kinetic studies were carried out. The maximum sorption capacities equaled: 191.25 mg/g and 142.88 mg/g for Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions respectively, when the sorbent dose was 10 g/L and the pH of a solution was 5.0 for both heavy metal ions. One-component sorption equilibrium data were successfully presented for six of the most useful three-parameter equilibrium models: Langmuir-Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson, Sips, Koble-Corrigan, Hill and Toth. Extended forms of Langmuir-Freundlich, Koble-Corrigan and Sips models were also well fitted to the two-component equilibrium data obtained for different ratios of concentrations of Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions (1:1, 1:2, 2:1). Experimental sorption data were described by two kinetic models of the pseudo-first and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, an attempt to explain the mechanisms of the divalent metal ion sorption process on chitosan gel beads was undertaken.

scholarly journals ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ВЛИЯНИЯ ОБРАБОТКИ ГОРЯЧИМ ТУМАНОМ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПРЕПАРАТОВ И ГУМИНОВЫХ ПРОДУКТОВ СЕМЯН ЯЧМЕНЯ

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.Yu. KOSTENKO ◽  
G. RYMBALOVICH ◽  
I.N. GORYACHKINA ◽  
R.V. BEZNOSYUK ◽  
G.A. BORISOV
Keyword(s):  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Potassium Humate ◽  
Protein Mass ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Small Grains ◽  
Humic Products ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Целью исследований явилась оценкавлияния обработки горячим туманом биологического препарата Азотовит и гуминовых продуктовГумат калия, Экоростсемян ячменя перед посевом, а также сравнение результатов с общепринятымитехнологиями обработки с помощью протравителя семян этими же препаратами. Для полноты исследований обработку производили и химическим препаратом Атик. Высокодисперсный аэрозоль получали с помощью генератора горячего тумана GreenFogBF-130.Обработку производилис помощью устройства с наклонными полками, по которым зерно многократно пересыпалось под действием силы тяжести и подвергалось перемешиванию и воздействию горячего тумана. В результате разницы температур холодного семенного материала и горячего тумана происходил фазовый переход тумана в жидкость, что позволяло получить тонкую плёнку на обрабатываемой поверхности семянячменя.Это способствовало обеззараживанию и активизации физико-химических процессов в зерне. Экспериментальные исследования включали восемь вариантов обработки и один без обработки (контроль). Оценивались результаты продуктивности и структура урожая: число растений на 1 м2, число сорных растений на 1 м2, число продуктивных стеблей (колосьев) на 1 м2, кустистость на 1 м2, продуктивная кустистость на 1 м2,среднее число зерен в колосе, масса 1000 зерен, высота стеблей, биологическая урожайность. В соответствии с ГОСТ 53900-2010 Ячмень кормовой, ГОСТ 5060-86 Ячмень пивоваренный, ГОСТ 28672-90 Ячмень.Требования при заготовках и поставках,ТРТС 021/2011 О безопасности пищевой продукции из качественных показателей рассматривались массовая доля влаги, массовая доля протеина, массовая доля клетчатки, массовая доля сахара, массовая доля жира, массовая доля золы, массовая доля крахмала, обменная энергия, крупность, мелкие зерна, сорная и зерновая примесь, фузариозные зерна, общая токсичность, микотоксиндезоксиниваленол (DON). Лучшие показатели были получены в результате аэрозольной обработки гуминовыми продуктами Гумат калия и Экорост.The aim of the research was to assess the effect of hot mist treatment of the biological preparation Azotovit and humic products potassium HUMATE, barley seeds Ecorost before sowing, as well as to compare the results with conventional technologies of treatment with the help of seed protectant with the same drugs. To complete the research and produce treatment chemicals of Atik. The highly dispersed aerosol was obtained using The greenfogbf-130 hot mist generator. The treatment was carried out using a device with inclined shelves, on which the grain was repeatedly poured under the influence of gravity and was subjected to mixing and the influence of hot fog. As a result of the temperature difference between the cold and hot mist of the seed material, a phase transition of the mist into a liquid occurred, which allowed to obtain a thin film on the treated surface of the barley seeds. This contributed to the disinfection and activation of physical and chemical processes in the grain. Experimental studies included eight treatment options and one without treatment (control). The results of productivity and crop structure were evaluated: the number of plants per 1 m2, the number of weeds per 1 m2, the number of productive stems (ears) per 1 m2, bushiness per 1 m2, productive bushiness per 1 m2, the average number of grains per ear, the weight of 1000 grains, the height of stems, biological yield. In accordance with GOST 53900-2010 barley fodder, barley brewing GOST 5060-86, GOST 28672-90 Barley. Requirements for procurement and supply, TR CU 021/2011 on food safety from qualitative indicators considered the mass fraction of moisture, mass fraction of protein, mass fraction of fiber, mass fraction of sugar, mass fraction of fat, mass fraction of ash, mass fraction of starch, metabolic energy, size, small grains, weed and grain admixture, Fusarium grains, total toxicity, mycotoxindeoxynivalenol (don). The best results were obtained as a result of aerosol treatment with humic products potassium HUMATE and Ecorost.

scholarly journals Synthesis and characterization of new Oxazine , Thiazine and Pyrazol derived from chalcones

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 477-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Hydrazine Hydrate ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
1H Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Heterocyclic Derivatives

In this study, chalcones were synthesis by condensing 2-acetylpyridine with aromatic aldehyde derivatives in dilute ethanolic potassium hydroxide solution at room temperature according to Claisen-Schmidt condensation. After that, new heterocyclic derivatives such as Oxazine, Thiazine and Pyrazol were synthesis by reaction between chalcones with urea, thiourea and hydrazine hydrate respectively scheme 1. All these compounds wrer characterization by FTIR, 1H-NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis.

Effect of Cathode Waste Material Concentration in Conductive Paint Coating

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-81
Author(s):  
N.S.W. Zulkefeli ◽  
W.M.I.W. Ismail ◽  
M.K.A.A. Razab ◽  
M.N. Masri
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Waste Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Paint Coating ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electronic Application ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Conductive Paint

The conductive paint coating can be used to control the electromagnetic interference in electronic application. Conductive paint coating was made by mixing the epoxy and hardener with cathode waste material (CWM) in order to manipulate their properties. In this study, the conductivity and the thickness of the paint has been studied. The thickness of conductive paint coating was depends on the agglomeration of CWM content. The increasing of wt% of CWM, the thickness of paint is increasing. Bruker D2Phaser X-Ray diffraction has been used in order to get the phase analysis of the paint before and after soaking into Potassium Hydroxide solution

Application of preliminary low-temperature heating for cold forming of complex parts on cold former

2021 ◽  
pp. 396-399
Author(s):  
V.Yu. Lavrinenko ◽  
Yu.A. Lavrinenko ◽  
R.S. Fayruzov ◽  
A.S. Ayrapetyan ◽  
A.S. Kirsanov
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Cold Forging ◽  
Flow Curves ◽  
Cold Forming ◽  
40Kh13 Steel ◽  
Temperature Heating ◽  
Complex Parts

The results of experimental studies of flow curves of 32CrB4, 20G2R and 1.4034 (analogue of 40Kh13 steel) steels at different heating temperature of workpieces are presented. Rational intervals of preliminary lowtemperature heating of workpieces made of studied steels are obtained. It allows to decrease forces during cold forging, loads on the working tool and to increase of tool life time up to 2 times.

New response to sexual characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 987-987
Author(s):  
V. G.
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Animal Tissues ◽  
Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Sexual Characteristics ◽  
Small Test ◽  
Small Test Tube ◽  
Color Indicator

Prof. Bernatsky (Doctor. Gaz., 1924, No. 18) describes a new specific reaction to the sexual characteristics of plant and animal tissues. 1/4 of the timing is taken. test tissue, crushed in a mortar, placed in a small test tube ("port-fleur"), 1 cube of site is poured, a mixture of equal parts of 0.582% sodium hydroxide solution and 0.816% potassium hydroxide solution, the mixture is thoroughly mixed with a glass rod, and 1 a drop of a color indicator consisting of 2 hours of alcohol (95-96 ) 1% dalpy solution, 1 hour. one

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