Sensitivity of a vibroacoustic signal to a change in the state of the surface layer of ceramics during frictio

The high information content of the vibroacoustic signal in the frequency range of 10‒16 kHz to the change in the state of the surface layer of the ceramic sample during frictional interaction with the steel disk was established. The results obtained indicate the possibility of using vibration diagnostics systems for monitoring the state of ceramic parts during operation and fi tests.

Event-driven acquisition for content-enriched microscopy

In fluorescence microscopy, the amount of information that can be collected from the sample is limited, often due to constraints imposed by photobleaching and phototoxicity. Here, we report an event-driven acquisition (EDA) framework, which combines real-time, neural network-based recognition of events of interest with automated control of the imaging parameters in an instant structured illumination microscope (iSIM). On-the-fly prioritization of imaging rate or experiment duration is achieved by switching between a slow imaging rate to detect the onset of biological events of interest and a fast imaging rate to enable high information content during their progression. In this way, EDA allows the data capture of mitochondrial and bacterial divisions at imaging rates that match their dynamic timescales, while extending the accessible imaging duration, and thereby increases the density of relevant information in the acquired data.

Reduced-cost construction of Jacobian matrices for high-resolution inversions of satellite observations of atmospheric composition

Global high-resolution observations of atmospheric composition from satellites can greatly improve our understanding of surface emissions through inverse analyses. Variational inverse methods can optimize surface emissions at any resolution but do not readily quantify the error and information content of the posterior solution. The information content of satellite data may be much lower than its coverage would suggest because of failed retrievals, instrument noise, and error correlations that propagate through the inversion. Analytical solution of the inverse problem provides closed-form characterization of posterior error statistics and information content but requires the construction of the Jacobian matrix that relates emissions to atmospheric concentrations. Building the Jacobian matrix is computationally expensive at high resolution because it involves perturbing each emission element, typically individual grid cells, in the atmospheric transport model used as the forward model for the inversion. We propose and analyze two methods, reduced dimension and reduced rank, to construct the Jacobian matrix at greatly decreased computational cost while retaining information content. Both methods are two-step iterative procedures that begin from an initial native-resolution estimate of the Jacobian matrix constructed at no computational cost by assuming that atmospheric concentrations are most sensitive to local emissions. The reduced-dimension method uses this estimate to construct a Jacobian matrix on a multiscale grid that maintains a high resolution in areas with high information content and aggregates grid cells elsewhere. The reduced-rank method constructs the Jacobian matrix at native resolution by perturbing the leading patterns of information content given by the initial estimate. We demonstrate both methods in an analytical Bayesian inversion of Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) methane data with augmented information content over North America in July 2009. We show that both methods reproduce the results of the native-resolution inversion while achieving a factor of 4 improvement in computational performance. The reduced-dimension method produces an exact solution at a lower spatial resolution, while the reduced-rank method solves the inversion at native resolution in areas of high information content and defaults to the prior estimate elsewhere.

Analysis of the total toxicity of some technogenically disturbed soils using bioassays

In laboratory conditions, the analysis of the total toxicity of some technogenically disturbed soils of the Belgorod region was carried out using bioassays: Daphnia magna Straus, green algae Scenedesmus quadricauda (Tiger) and Lepidium sativum L. As a result of the experiments, the degree of toxicity of the tested soils was established. The conducted studies confirm the high information content when using three bioassays for the analysis of total soil toxicity.

Reduced-Cost Construction of Jacobian Matrices for High-Resolution Inversions of Satellite Observations of Atmospheric Composition

Global high-resolution observations of atmospheric composition from satellites can greatly improve our understanding of surface emissions through inverse analyses. Variational inverse methods can optimize surface emissions at any resolution but do not readily quantify the error and information content of the posterior solution. In fact, the information content of satellite data may be orders of magnitude lower than its coverage suggests because of failed retrievals, instrument noise, and error correlations that propagate through the inversion. Analytical solution to the inverse problem provides closed-form characterization of posterior error statistics and information content but requires the construction of the Jacobian matrix that relates emissions to atmospheric concentrations. Building the Jacobian matrix is computationally expensive at high resolution because it involves perturbing each emission element, typically individual grid cells, in the atmospheric transport model used as forward model for the inversion. We propose and analyze two methods, reduced-dimension and reduced-rank, to construct the Jacobian matrix at greatly decreased computational cost while retaining information content. Both methods begin from an initial native-resolution estimate of the Jacobian matrix constructed at no computational cost by assuming that atmospheric concentrations are most sensitive to local emissions. The reduced-dimension method uses this estimate to construct a Jacobian matrix on a multiscale grid that maintains high resolution in areas with high information content and aggregates grid cells elsewhere. The reduced-rank method constructs the Jacobian matrix at native resolution by perturbing the leading patterns of information content given by the initial estimate. We demonstrate both methods in an analytical Bayesian inversion of GOSAT methane satellite data with augmented information content over North America in July 2009. We show that both methods reproduce the results of the native-resolution inversion while achieving a factor of 4 improvement in computational performance. The reduced-dimension method produces an exact solution at lower spatial resolution while the reduced-rank method solves the inversion at native resolution in areas of high information content and defaults to the prior estimate elsewhere.

Tracing and tracking epiallele families in complex DNA populations

DNA methylation is a stable epigenetic modification, extremely polymorphic and driven by stochastic and deterministic events. Most of the current techniques used to analyse methylated sequences identify methylated cytosines (mCpGs) at a single-nucleotide level and compute the average methylation of CpGs in the population of molecules. Stable epialleles, i.e. CpG strings with the same DNA sequence containing a discrete linear succession of phased methylated/non-methylated CpGs in the same DNA molecule, cannot be identified due to the heterogeneity of the 5′–3′ ends of the molecules. Moreover, these are diluted by random unstable methylated CpGs and escape detection. We present here MethCoresProfiler, an R-based tool that provides a simple method to extract and identify combinations of methylated phased CpGs shared by all components of epiallele families in complex DNA populations. The methylated cores are stable over time, evolve by acquiring or losing new methyl sites and, ultimately, display high information content and low stochasticity. We have validated this method by identifying and tracing rare epialleles and their families in synthetic or in vivo complex cell populations derived from mouse brain areas and cells during postnatal differentiation. MethCoresProfiler is written in R language. The software is freely available at https://github.com/84AP/MethCoresProfiler/.

Pulse induction soundings in the area of the “Crystal” underground nuclear explosion

The paper presents the results of geophysical studies using the method of transient electromagnetic field (TEM) in the area of the «Crystal» underground nuclear explosion in 2008 and 2019. The measurement technique and signal differences in different years related to the noise situation at the site of work are described in detail. Geoelectric sections constructed from the results of field studies show the high information content of the TEM method in the study of Yakutia and can be used to study the effect of the «Crystal» underground nuclear explosion on the geological environment.

The Sociopragmatic Perspective of Typographical Features in Students’ SMS and Whatsapp Text Messages

This study aims to examine the typographical features of English and Indonesian languages in students’ text messages delivered to the lecturers and the sociopragmatic perspective of the features collected from respondents of diverse profession and education backgrounds. Content analysis is employed to conduct the study whose data are the typographical features identified in 1,521 students’ SMS and that of in 527 WhatsApp text messages and followed by a survey of sociopragmatic attitudes towards the features gathered from 223 respondents. The findings recognize the typographical features of emoticons, vowel deletion, letter deletion, rebus writings—letter deletion, number deletion, letter-number deletion, and images or symbols—and phonetic spelling. The features are employed in various approaches as identified in the ways letters are deleted in the initial, medial and final syllables of the words. Social factor and dimension analyses underpinning the sociopragmatic perspective of the features suggests that the students communicate with older participants in written mode about serious matters for informative function and that the students and lecturers are socially distant between subordinate to superior with high formality degree for referential function which is high information content and low affective content. This social factor and dimension implies the use of formal style which is in line with the respondents’ attitudes acknowledging the formal employment of the language in text messaging. Sociopragmatically, the typographical features are supposed to be used only when texting to the equally aged or younger participants, to the participants who are socially equal or lower with no distance, and for social communication functions or topics, not professional ones

CONCEPTUAL APPROACHES TO USING THE RESULTS OF GENETIC RESEARCH IN THE FIELD OF PERSONAL INSURANCE

The availability and high information content of the results of genetic research require the legislator to decide on the limits of their use in various spheres of public life, including when concluding insurance contracts. Targeted genome sequencing is more appropriate for insurance purposes, although for de novo mutations, disease detection is only possible when exomic sequencing is performed. The research made it possible to conclude that there is a need for regulatory regulation of the use of genetic research results in the implementation of personal insurance. At the same time, we should proceed from: a differentiated approach to diagnostic and predictive tests, extending restrictions only to the latter; the possibility of regulating these relations at the level of self-regulationwhile controlling key positions by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation as the regulator of the insurance market; the permissibility of the use of genetic testing results in the sphere of voluntary personal insurance in case of a contract for the amount above the established limits; the necessity of refutation is a family history in order to develop a more favorable terms of insurance with the appropriate will of the insured; the feasibility of establishing a Biobank data including the purpose of ensuring the access of insurers to the impersonal statistical information. At the same time, it is true that in many aspects the lack of access to genetic data is fully compensated for by traditional actuarial methods.