Internal Condition Analysis on Tourism Development of Bintan Regency 2019

The dynamics of tourism as an economic driver will greatly affect the environment in tourism development in Bintan Regency. One of the influencing environment is the internal condition in tourism management which is the reason for the need to map the problem. This paper focuses on environmental studies of the community, private sector, local government in the internal tourism of Bintan Regency in 2019. The research uses a literature study using secondary data which is analyzed in depth. The results showed that the internal analysis of tourism which includes 3 main components of tourism development, namely sustainable improvement of the tourism industry, improving institutional quality both in vertical agencies and the role of local communities which is very important in developing tourism in Bintan Regency. With the existence of three main components in the analysis of the internal environment for tourism in Bintan Regency, it is hoped that it can have a positive impact in a sustainable manner.

What’s wrong with internalism?

Extant internalists are either accessibilists or mentalists. Accessibilists standardly claim that whenever p is justified, one is in a position to know this fact by reflection alone or else this fact has grounds that are accessible in this way. The argument for this claim assumes that one ought to believe p only if p is justified; that therefore, grounds for justification must be luminous; and that only facts accessible by reflection fit the bill. It founders already because too few conditions are luminous. A non-standard version of accessibilism avoids this problem by conceiving of the grounds for justification as facts about what one is in a position to know by reflection alone. The argument marshalled in its favour fails to show why they cannot be facts about what one is in a position to know by other means. Mentalists claim that whenever p is justified this fact is grounded in facts about one’s mental states. One argument contends that only mentalism can account for certain structural features of justification. It founders because the present account explains these features equally well. Another argument contends that only mentalism heeds our intuitions about sceptical cases. It founders because mental states can help to confer justification only if they are arrived at in certain ways—a fact not itself determined by such states. Accessibilism and mentalism lack sufficient support and incur costs internalists do better without. The present account delivers all the goods that internalists should wish for, without making justification an internal condition.

Justification as Ignorance

Justification as Ignorance offers an original account of epistemic justification as both non-factive and luminous that vindicates core internalist intuitions, without construing justification as an internal condition. The account conceives of justification, in its doxastic and propositional varieties, as a kind of epistemic possibility of knowing, and of being in a position to know, respectively. It thus contrasts with other recently proposed views that characterize justification in terms of the metaphysical possibility of knowing. In developing his account, Rosenkranz devises a suitable non-normal multi-modal epistemic logic for knowledge and being in a position to know that respects the finding that these notions create hyperintensional contexts, defends his conception of justification against well-known anti-luminosity arguments, shows that the account allows for fruitful applications and principled solutions to the lottery and preface paradoxes, and provides a metaphysics of justification, and of its varying degrees of strength, that is compatible with core assumptions of the knowledge-first approach and disjunctivist conceptions of mental states.

Outline of a theory of justification

Core theses of the novel account of justification to be developed are first stated: one has propositional justification for p just in case one is in no position to know that one is in no position to know p; and one has doxastic justification for p just in case one is in no position to know that one does not know p. Unlike other theories that conceive of justification in terms of the metaphysical possibility of knowing, the present account thus construes it as a distinctive kind of epistemic possibility. It treats propositional justification as non-factive, both its presence and its absence as luminous conditions, and by assuming a weak non-normal modal logic for knowledge and being in a position to know, validates principles of positive and negative introspection for it. The account thereby attributes features to justification that internalists care about. But it does so without construing justification as an internal condition. The account allows one to systematically distinguish between the condition of being justified and the metaphysical grounds for its obtaining, thereby heeding externalist insights into the difference between the good cases and the bad cases envisaged by radical scepticism. Lines of argument that show the account’s potential, e.g. in dealing with the preface and lottery paradoxes, are previewed, and so are lines of defence against challenges and objections, including prominent anti-luminosity arguments.

Improved Chaos-Based Cryptosystem for Medical Image Encryption and Decryption

In the medical sector, the digital image is multimedia data that contain secret information. However, designing an efficient secure cryptosystem to protect the confidential images in sharing is a challenge. In this work, we propose an improved chaos-based cryptosystem to encrypt and decrypt rapidly secret medical images. A complex chaos-based PRNG is suggested to generate a high-quality key that presents high randomness behaviour, high entropy, and high complexity. An improved architecture is proposed to encrypt the secret image that is based on permutation, substitution, and diffusion properties. In the first step, the image’s pixels are randomly permuted through a matrix generated using the PRNG. Next, pixel’s bits are permuted using an internal condition. After that, the pixels are substituted using two different S-boxes with an internal condition. In the final step, the image is diffused by XORing pixels with the key stream generated by the PRNG in order to acquire an encrypted image. R rounds of encryption can be performed in a loop to increase the complexity. The cryptosystem is evaluated in depth by his application on several medical images with different types, contents, and sizes. The obtained simulation results demonstrate that the system enables high-level security and performance. The information entropy of the encrypted image has achieved an average of 7.9998 which is the most important feature of randomness. The algorithm can take full advantage of parallelism and pipeline execution in hardware implementation to meet real-time requirements. The PRNG was tested by NIST 800-22 test suit, which indicates that it is suitable for secure image encryption. It provides a large key space of 2192 which resists the brute-force attack. However, the cryptosystem is appropriate for medical image securing.

Acting Surprised: Comparing Perceptions of Different Dynamic Deliberate Expressions

People are accurate at classifying emotions from facial expressions but much poorer at determining if such expressions are spontaneously felt or deliberately posed. We explored if the method used by senders to produce an expression influences the decoder’s ability to discriminate authenticity, drawing inspiration from two well-known acting techniques: the Stanislavski (internal) and Mimic method (external). We compared spontaneous surprise expressions in response to a jack-in-the-box (genuine condition), to posed displays of senders who either focused on their past affective state (internal condition) or the outward expression (external condition). Although decoders performed better than chance at discriminating the authenticity of all expressions, their accuracy was lower in classifying external surprise compared to internal surprise. Decoders also found it harder to discriminate external surprise from spontaneous surprise and were less confident in their decisions, perceiving these to be similarly intense but less genuine-looking. The findings suggest that senders are capable of voluntarily producing genuine-looking expressions of emotions with minimal effort, especially by mimicking a genuine expression. Implications for research on emotion recognition are discussed.

Evaluating internal condition of hardwood logs based on AR-minimum entropy deconvolution combined with wavelet based spectral kurtosis approach

The aim of this research was to explore the potential of acoustic impact test to evaluate the condition of hardwood logs in regard to internal decay, void, crack and defect ratio using an acoustic signal separation and enhancement algorithm. Longitudinal acoustic signals were obtained from 15 logs of four hardwood species through acoustic impact testing. The defect components were separated from the acoustic response signals and enhanced based on the autoregressive minimum entropy deconvolution (AR-MED) method, and from which the kurtosis was derived and used as the global feature parameter for evaluating the internal condition of logs. Compared with the acoustic velocity obtained directly from the original signal, the kurtosis was deemed to be a more powerful predictor of log defect ratio with higher coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.89) and was not affected by log species. To identify the type of defects, a complex Morlet wavelet-based spectral kurtosis (SK) method was proposed. The research results indicated that the SK can not only determine the type and primary and secondary major defects, but also be able to identify those that were not detectable by global acoustic parameters.

Analisa Faktor Internal Penyebab NPL Kredit Mikro

The role of BPRs in providing capital assistance to MSME business units, still has to deal with the internal management of the bank's own management. This must be understood because one of the factors to assess the health of a BPR is to look at the NPL (Non- Performing Loan) ratio, calculated from the total loans that fall into the non-current category, divided by the total credit given. Where is the maximum ratio determined by Bank Indonesia, which is below 5%. This means that if a BPR has an NPL ratio above 5%, then it can be assumed that there is a failure in implementing an inefficient and ineffective lending strategy. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the factors that influence the high NPL of rural banks (BPR), especially from credit lending strategies. In addition, economic conditions and business competition and forecasting of future conditions, conduct training for AO to sharpen credit analysis, ensure that the process of submission and disbursement of credit quickly and easily provides various alternative options for debtors to pay their credit, providing standard procedure for granting credit, conducting a survey of the place of business against the submission of business credit. The research objective is to analyze 1) the influence of BP's internal conditions on the lending strategy. 2) Analyzing the effect of Credit Giving Strategy on Non-Performing Loans. The research method uses a survey method with a multiple linear regression approach to obtain information on the influence of both of these. The results of the study show that 1) the internal condition of the BPR has a positive and significant effect on the lending strategy (the condition of the organization within the organization and formally has direct and specific implications on BPR). 2) that the lending strategy has a negative and significant effect on NPL. The lending strategy applied by BPRs is a means to control the development of credit thrown into the market by the BPR.

The Effects of Attentional Focus on Brain Function During a Gross Motor Task

Context: Although the beneficial effects of using an external focus of attention are well documented in attainment and performance of movement execution, neural mechanisms underlying external focus’ benefits are mostly unknown. Objective: To assess brain function during a lower-extremity gross motor movement while manipulating an internal and external focus of attention. Design: Cross-over study. Setting: Neuroimaging center Participants: A total of 10 healthy subjects (5 males and 5 females) Intervention: Participants completed external and internal focus of attention unilateral left 45° knee extension/flexion movements at a rate of 1.2 Hz laying supine in a magnetic resonance imaging scanner for 4 blocks of 30 seconds interspersed with 30-second rest blocks. During the internal condition, participants were instructed to “squeeze their quadriceps.” During the external condition, participants were instructed to “focus on a target” positioned above their tibia. Main Outcome Measures: T1 brain structural imaging was performed for registration of the functional data. For each condition, 3T functional magnetic resonance imaging blood oxygenation level dependent data representing 90 whole-brain volumes were acquired. Results: During the external relative to internal condition, increased activation was detected in the right occipital pole, cuneal cortex, anterior portion of the lingual gyrus, and intracalcarine cortex (Zmax = 4.5–6.2, P < .001). During the internal relative to external condition, increased activation was detected in the left primary motor cortex, left supplementary motor cortex, and cerebellum (Zmax = 3.4–3.5, P < .001). Conclusions: Current results suggest that an external focus directed toward a visual target produces more brain activity in regions associated with vision and ventral streaming pathways, whereas an internal focus manipulated through instruction increases activation in brain regions that are responsible for motor control. Results from this study serve as baseline information for future prevention and rehabilitation investigations of how manipulating focus of attention can constructively affect neuroplasticity during training and rehabilitation.