‘A Fact in the History of the World’: The Vegetarian Advocate (1848‒50) and the Serialization of Life

This essay examines the Vegetarian Advocate, a British monthly periodical that ran from 1848 to 1850, and it argues that the periodical’s serial form shaped its representation of vegetarianism. As the first official organ of the UK Vegetarian Society, the Vegetarian Advocate carried different messages to different audiences. For members of the Society, it circulated information on the organization’s publications, annual meetings, membership statistics, and finances, subjects that would be of interest only to insiders. For outsiders and the uninitiated, it published articles explaining vegetarian principles, using arguments drawn from physiology, chemistry, natural history, economics, and ethics to persuade curious readers to experiment with a vegetarian diet. However, drawing on press scholarship and Michel Foucault’s techniques of the self, this essay argues that the serial form of the periodical itself carried an important message on the vegetarians’ ‘serialization of life’, their belief that life be lived serially or, in other words, that forward progress and self-improvement come through repetition, attention to routine, and the everyday training of oneself. Specifically, this essay claims that the seriality of the Vegetarian Advocate allowed the Vegetarian Society to represent its dietary regimen as serial — that is, as a repetitive yet progressive, sequential system of self-transformation in which all forms of activity (from eating to exercising to socializing) accrued meaning sequentially, serially, and relationally, orientating vegetarianism and vegetarians towards a teleological objective, or what Foucault calls the ‘telos of the ethical subject’. Serialization, it claims, was integral to both the practice and concept of vegetarianism: vegetarian print materials were published serially while the practice itself was conceptualized as a progressive step in the development of the individual and the species.

To Work at Clinics or at Hospitals? Analysis of Family Physician Recruitment Advertising in Taiwan

Family physicians act as gatekeepers of the healthcare system and have an indispensable role in providing holistic care in the primary care system. While previous studies had focused on the geographic maldistribution of family physicians, the current study investigated the distribution of job opportunities for family physicians by analyzing recruitment advertisements posted in medical association journals, as an indirect way to observe the marketplace demand for physicians. We collected all the recruitment advertisements for family physicians in the twelve issues of the Taiwan Medical Journal, the official organ of the Taiwan Medical Association, in 2018. In contrast to 124 new trainees annually, 739 advertisements for family physicians were posted within the entire year. After eliminating repeated advertisements, there were 302 distinct advertisements, of which hospitals accounted for 18.9% (n = 57). The job opportunities at hospitals were offered mainly by regional hospitals (n = 26) and community hospitals (n = 29), but only two by medical centers. Family physicians in Taiwan were in great demand not only by primary care clinics but also by hospitals. The role of family physicians in hospitals is worth further study.

Propaganda and Information Serving the Italian Sports Movement: The Case of the Periodical Lo Sport Fascista (1928‒43)

Transformed from a mass rite into a real instrument of government, sports became the most effective and popular representation of the new aesthetic and pedagogy of fascist Italy by the end of the 1920s. At that time, the fascist regime, having completely reformed all major sports institutions, subjecting them to the National Fascist Party (PNF), realized the need to create a new periodical able to both emphasize the political value of sport for fascism and underline its popular attitude and mission. This in particular was the editorial mission of the monthly review Lo Sport Fascista, founded in the spring of 1928 under the auspices of the chairman of CONI, Lando Ferretti, and the secretary general of PNF, Augusto Turati. As an official organ of the Italian sports movement and mouthpiece of its achievements, the magazine deserves special focus for at least three reasons: it helped to make some disciplines, such as football and cycling, extraordinarilypopular in Italy, thus creating the conditions for their real exploit in the 1930s; it was able to combine propaganda and information in a truly original and unique way within the editorial offer of that time; and it fostered the myth of the great champions, turning sporting celebrities into ambassadors of fascism worldwide. The goal of this paper is to show in detail these features of the magazine, underlining its identity as a popular product, through a twofold analysis, one that is both aesthetic and political.

Incremental History of the Congenital Heart Surgeons’ Society (2014-2018)

The history of the first 41 years of the Congenital Heart Surgeons Society (CHSS) was recorded in 2015 which chronicled the metamorphosis of a small informal meeting into a mature organization with bylaws, officers, committees, funded research, the Kirklin-Ashburn Fellowship, and a vision to become the premier organization of congenital heart surgery in North America. Chief among these transformations was the implementation and development of the CHSS Data Center. Member participation, fellowship education, and significant outcomes research have been the hallmark of the CHSS. This incremental historical review highlights continued CHSS sentinel advances. Fifty-three CHSS Data Center manuscripts have been published. Citation scores (number of literature citations that each manuscript has accrued) have been collated and analyzed by cohort study. The average citation score for all manuscripts was 75.4 ± 76.3 (range: 1-333). The Kirklin/Ashburn Fellowship continues to thrive with academic achievements and generous contributions to the endowment. The World Journal of Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery has been adopted as the official organ of the CHSS. A Past President’s Dinner has been inaugurated serving as a senior advisory committee to the Executive Council. Toronto Work Weekends continue. Congenital Heart Surgeons Society growth has accrued to 159 active members and 82 institutional members. Future considerations include the size, content, and duration of the annual meeting; the potential for increased membership; and political penetrance into national cardiothoracic governing organizations regarding committee appointments, executive council representation, and education initiatives. Congenital Heart Surgeons Society has achieved numerous advances during this incremental period.

Debating Feminism in the Socialist Press: Women and the New Leader

This chapter examines the complex and ambiguous relationship of the Labour Party to gender and feminism in the interwar years through a study of the Labour Leader/ New Leader, the official organ of the socialist group, the Independent Labour Party. The paper was aimed at a mixed-sex audience. The chapter focuses on women as journalists, debates on gender differences and women’s nature, and policy questions relating specifically to women, including organising separately, birth control and family allowances. A consideration of these areas highlights the diversity of women’s voices and concerns. It contends that in the new context of the interwar years socialist women did not just abandon their feminist perspective in favour of the class struggle; instead, they were finding ways to work through the complex relationship between the two. The Labour Leader/ New Leader provided a space where issues relating to gender could be debated openly.

Recorded Interviews with Cuban Officials

This chapter presents five interviews that Mills conducted with people in some way attached to the Revolutionary Government, four of them associated with the military. These were: Juan Arcocha, who worked for the newspaper Revolución, the official organ of the July 26 Movement that aimed to organize, guide, and disseminate revolutionary ideology to the Cuban people; two army captains who had long been involved in military and administrative capacities; Captain Isabel Rielo who was working at the Camilo Cienfuegos School City; and Comandante Dermidio Escalona who was military commander of Pinar del Rio province.

Die Kerkbode en die viering van Geloftedag, 1910-2010

<strong>The Kerkbode and the commemoration of the Day of the Covenant, 1910-2010</strong> <br /> The commemoration of the former Day of the Covenant was crucial in the development of Afrikaner nationalism and the apartheid ideology, providing theological grounding for twentieth century Afrikaner political philosophy. This article examines how the <em>Kerkbode</em>, official organ of the Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa, supported the dominant view of the commemoration, i.e. that God gave a military victory to the Voortrekkers over the Zulu's, confirming the right of the Voortrekkers (and their descendants) to their own state. From 1910-1990 the editors of the <em>Kerkbode</em> generally supported the fundamentals of the myth (with a single exception in 1920). As the apartheid era came to a close, the <em>Kerkbode</em> started to question these principles, until all references to the Day of the Covenant (since 1996, the Day of Reconciliation) were dropped, only to reappear again. Using the multi-step flow theory one can argue that the <em>Kerkbode</em> helped perpetuate the conventional understanding of the Day of the Covenant, as it may well have influenced the eventual demise of the widespread commemoration of the day.

The Reception of arcicI and II in Europe and Discerning the Strategy and Agenda for arciciii

This essay derives from an address to the inaugural meeting of the third major phase of work of the Anglican – Roman Catholic International Commission (arcic) at the Monastery of Bose, Italy in May 2011. arcic is the official organ for formal bilateral dialogue between the Anglican Communion and the Roman Catholic Church. The methods devised by successive generations of arcic theologians have been highly influential in shaping the work of other bilateral ecumenical dialogues. The first half of the essay reviews and comments on the reception to-date within Europe of the first and second major phases of arcic’s work: arcicI (1971–1982) and arcicII (1987–2005). The second half then turns to identify the appropriate strategy for this crucial new phase of work, arcicIII (2011-present). Throughout the essay clear recognition is given to the fact that arcicIII is operating in a very different ecumenical context and in relation to a different set of challenges to those which prevailed when the classical arcic strategy was devised and as such requires a fresh strategic approach. The approach to contemporary ecumenical engagement and learning known as Receptive Ecumenism is presented here as providing this needed fresh strategy.