scholarly journals Morphological Study of Splenic Notches and Fissures

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3.2) ◽  
pp. 8064-8068
Author(s):  
A.Thamarai selvi ◽  
◽  
Precila Infant Vincy. V ◽  
T. L. Anbumani ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Accessory Spleen ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Lymphoid Organ ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Wedge Shape ◽  
Embryonic Life ◽  
Inferior Border ◽  
Superior Border ◽  
Oval Shape ◽  
Formalin Fixed

Introduction: Spleen is the largest and secondary lymphoid organ in humans. It has two ends: Anterior and Posterior end. Two surfaces: Visceral and Diaphragmatic surfaces. Three borders: Superior, Inferior and Intermediate. Spleen begins to develop during the 5th week of intra-uterine life from a mass of mesenchymal cells, originating in the dorsal mesogastrium as a localized thickening of coelomic epithelium. The spleen is lobulated in foetus but the lobules normally disappear before birth. The imperfect fusion of splenic masses during embryonic life results in an accessory spleen. The spleen plays a vital role in regard to blood storage, formation of lymphocyte and defense against foreign particles. Materials and methods: The study was carried out in 50 formalin fixed spleen from the Department of Anatomy, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Sciences, Madurantakam Taluk, Chengalpet Dt, Tamilnadu, India. Results: Out of 50 spleens, Wedge shape is seen in 33 spleens, Triangular shape is observed in 5 spleens, tetrahedral in 7 spleens, oval shape in 3 spleens, and dome-shaped in 2 spleen. The splenic notches were observed in the superior border in 44 spleens (88%) and notch seen in the inferior border in 4 spleens (8%) and the absence of a notch in both the superior and inferior border noted in 2 spleens (4%). The number of notches on the superior border is from 1 to 4 and the number of notches on the inferior border is 1. Fissures noted in 8 spleens (16%). In 5 specimens fissures extended to reach the visceral surface. Conclusion: The presence of abnormal fissures and lobes of the spleen might confuse the radiologists. Abnormal lobulation might cause misinterpretation as mass originating from the kidney. It is essential for surgeons and radiologists to be aware of the splenic variations. KEY WORDS: splenic surfaces, shapes, notches, fissures.

The addition of a conjunctival flap to a posterior lamella auricular cartilage graft: A technique to avoid corneal complications

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212199891
Author(s):  
Constanza Barrancos ◽  
Ignacio García-Cruz ◽  
Beatriz Ventas-Ayala ◽  
Marco Sales-Sanz
Keyword(s):  
Donor Site ◽  
Lower Eyelid ◽  
Cartilage Graft ◽  
Auricular Cartilage ◽  
Inferior Margin ◽  
Conjunctival Flap ◽  
Absorbable Sutures ◽  
Inferior Border ◽  
Superior Portion ◽  
Superior Border

Purpose: To present the benefits of the addition of a conjunctival flap when correcting lower eyelid retraction using an auricular cartilage graft. Methods: An auricular cartilage graft was obtained either from the concha o the scaphoid fossa. When preparing the receiving bed, the conjunctival incision was made 2 mm below the inferior margin of the lower eyelid tarsus, therefore, a conjunctival flap arising from the inferior border of the tarsus was obtained. The cartilage graft was placed in the lower eyelid. The inferior border of the graft was sutured to the retractors and conjunctiva using absorbable sutures. The superior border was sutured to the inferior tarsus, so that de conjunctival flap covered the superior portion of the graft. Results: Fourteen patients underwent the surgical technique. No corneal complications were observed in the early or late postoperative period. Donor site complications were not encountered. Conclusions: The confection of a conjunctival flap that lines the superior portion of an auricular cartilage graft in the lower eyelid provides protection against corneal postoperative complications until the graft is epithelized.

Usage of E-Resources by the Faculty Members and PG Students of Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital and Research Centre (KIMS), Bangalore, Karnataka: A Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
H. M. Shashikala ◽  
S. Srinivasaragavan
Keyword(s):  
Information Search ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Effective Use

Web-based use of E-resources is playing a vital role for information seeking. In this direction the present study was conducted on the use of E-resources (e-books, e-journals, e-databases subscribed by Health Science Library and Information Network, HELINET Consortium and ERMED Consortium) by the faculty members and PG students of Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences and Information Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka State. A structured questionnaire was designed and distributed to faculty members and PG students (150) to know their effective use of e-resource for their study, teaching and research. A total of 135 filled in questionnaires were received and the response rate was 82.66%. The study results found that most of the teaching faculty and PG students preferred to search Google and Yahoo as search engine for their information search requirements. At the same time they consulted Pub Med and Science Direct and Ovid publisher’s journal databases to access E- resources.

scholarly journals Digital analysis of external fixation area of proximal humerus fractures in elderly patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Baorui Xing ◽  
Yadi Zhang ◽  
Xiuxiu Hou ◽  
Yunmei Li ◽  
Guoliang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humeral Head ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Proximal Humerus ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Axillary Nerve ◽  
Coronal Plane ◽  
Inferior Surface ◽  
Vertical Distance ◽  
Inferior Border ◽  
Superior Border

Abstract Introduction The purpose is based on anatomical basis, combined with three-dimensional measurement, to guide the clinical repositioning of proximal humeral fractures, select the appropriate pin entry point and angle, and simulate surgery. Methods 11 fresh cadaveric specimens were collected, the distance of the marked points around the shoulder joint was measured anatomically, and the vertical distance between the inferior border of the acromion and the superior border of the axillary nerve, the vertical distance between the apex of the humeral head and the superior border of the axillary nerve, the vertical distance between the inferior border of the acromion and the superior border of the anterior rotator humeral artery, and the vertical distance between the apex of the humeral head and the superior border of the anterior rotator humeral artery were marked on the 3D model based on the anatomical data to find the relative safety zone for pin placement. Results Contralateral data can be used to guide the repositioning and fixation of that side of the proximal humerus fracture, and uniform data cannot be used between male and female patients. For lateral pining, the distance of the inferior border of the acromion from the axillary nerve (5.90 ± 0.43) cm, range (5.3-6.9) cm, was selected for pining along the medial axis of the humeral head, close to the medial cervical cortex, and the pining angle was measured in the coronal plane (42.84 ± 2.45)°, range (37.02° ~ 46.31°), and in the sagittal plane (28.24 ± 2.25)°, range (19.22° ~ 28.51°). The pin was advanced laterally in front of the same level of the lateral approach point to form a cross-fixed support with the lateral pin, and the pin angle was measured in the coronal plane (36.14 ± 1.75)°, range (30.32° ~ 39.61°), and in the sagittal plane (28.64 ± 1.37)°, range (22.82° ~ 32.11°). Two pins were taken at the greater humeral tuberosity for fixation, with the proximal pin at an angle (159.26 ± 1.98) to the coronal surface of the humeral stem, range (155.79° ~ 165.08°), and the sagittal angle (161.76 ± 2.15)°, with the pin end between the superior surface of the humeral talus and the inferior surface of the humeral talus. The distal needle of the greater humeral tuberosity was parallel to the proximal approach trajectory, and the needle end was on the inferior surface of the humeral talus. Conclusion Based on the anatomical data, we can accurately identify the corresponding bony structures of the proximal humerus and mark the location of the pin on the 3D model for pin placement, which is simple and practical to meet the relevant individual parameters.

A Review on Wireless Communication Protocol and Security Privacy

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
K. S. Nirmala Bai
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Ieee 802.15.4 ◽  
Communication Protocol ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Wireless Protocols ◽  
Wireless Communication Protocol ◽  
Privacy Issues ◽  
Day By Day

The significant way of using the technology relies on the effective way of utilizing and regenerating the resources. Technology advancements increase day by day in each and every sector including construction, automobile, manufacture, production, bio-medical sciences and home appliances. The use of wireless protocols that bridges the gap with the Security and Privacy Issues in Internet of Things has been drastically in demand as always. Ipv6, IEEE 802.15.4, WirelessHart had played a vital role in the field of Internet of Things. Their impact can be further advanced with the specifications designed in Wireless Protocols. Robust and more secure bits preserving communication protocol leading the earlier protocols used.

Analysis of Mandibular Structure Using 3D Facial Computed Tomography

2014 ◽  
Vol 151 (5) ◽  
pp. 760-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Young Jung ◽  
Seung Youp Shin ◽  
Kun Hee Lee ◽  
Young Gyu Eun ◽  
Young Chan Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Mental Foramen ◽  
Class I ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Individual Variations ◽  
Inferior Border ◽  
Anterior Mandible ◽  
Superior Border

Objective This study measured and analyzed the position and dimension of genial tubercle (GT) and mental foramen (MF) Study Design Retrospective chart review study. Setting Tertiary care teaching hospital. Subjects and Methods Two hundred ten subjects were included who received 3-dimensional (3D) facial computed tomography (CT), and the GT and MF were evaluated. Subjects were divided into 4 groups by gender and skeletal type. Seven variables were measured: (1) height of GT (GTH), (2) width of GT (GTW), (3) distance from apices of lower incisors to superior border of GT (LI-SGT), (4) distance from inferior border of GT to inferior border of mandible (IGT-IBM), (5) thickness of anterior mandible (MT), (6) distance from symphysis of mandible to MF (S-MF), and (7) distance from superior border of GT to inferior border of mandible (SGT-IBM). Results All the parameters showed marked differences in individuals. Class I males showed longer GTH, MT, and SGT-IBM than class I females ( P < .05). IGT-IBM and S-MF were longer in class II males than in class I females ( P < .05). LI-SGT and IGT-IBM also showed personal variation. Conclusion Anatomical features of mandibular structures showed individual variations. GTH, IGT-IBM, MT, S-MF, and SGT-IBM also showed differences between the groups.

scholarly journals Clinical profile of children aged 2 months to 60 months presenting with wheeze in a tertiary medical centre

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1117
Author(s):  
Arup Ratan Mondal ◽  
Ch Shyamsunder Singh ◽  
Moirangthem Meenakshi Devi ◽  
Cindy Laishram ◽  
T. Kambiakdik
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Study Population

Background: Wheezing is common throughout infancy and childhood except in the neonatal period where it is relatively rare. By 10 years of age, about 19% of children experience wheezing with an average onset at 3 years of age. This study was aimed to identify the diverse factors associated with wheezing in children aged 2 months to 60 months and to study clinical profile along with short term outcome of the same.Methods: It was a hospital based cross-sectional study carried out in the Department of Paediatrics, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital (RIMS), Imphal, Manipur. The Study population consisted of randomly selected 131 children aged 2 months to 60 months who were admitted in Paediatrics ward with the symptom of wheezing.Results: Authors found that age below 12 months, male sex, low socioeconomic conditions and artificial breastfeeding practices were important risk factors for wheeze.Conclusions: Wheezing is accountable for a high demand of medical consultations and emergency care services with relatively high rates of hospitalization. Along with ARI, it plays an important role in infant mortality. In Manipur, it is being observed that increasing number of children with wheezing are attended by paediatricians in ED, OPD and ward, thereby proving an added burden to the younger age group. Therefore proper health education and counselling of parents, promotion of exclusive breast feeding and improvement of socioeconomic status can play a vital role in preventing occurrence of wheeze among the children.

scholarly journals Mental foramen and accessory mental foramen: a dry human mandibles study in South Indian population

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (04) ◽  
pp. 182-191
Author(s):  
Parineeta Suman ◽  
Sabita Singh ◽  
Raj Kishore Mahato
Keyword(s):  
Indian Population ◽  
Mental Foramen ◽  
The Body ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Accessory Mental Foramen ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Mandibular Body ◽  
Inferior Border ◽  
Superior Border

Abstract Introduction and aim: Mandible usually has a bilateral oval or circular mental foramen [MF] situated on the anterolateral aspect of the body of mandible. Variations of the MF are often encountered ranging from difference in incidence, shape, size, position and supernumerary [accessory MF] to even complete absence. So, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the incidence and the anatomical features of the mental foramen and the accessory mental foramen. Materials & method: 61 dry human mandibles of unknown sex were examined. Size and distance of mental foramen and accessory mental foramen from symphysis menti [Mandibular midline], inferior border of the mandible, posterior border of ramus and superior border of body of mandible were measured using vernier calliper and statistically analyzed by mean and standard deviation. Results: Bilateral mental foramina [MF] were present in all 61 [100%] mandibles. Out of 122 mental foramina [MF], 86 [70.5%] were round and 36 [29.5%] were oval in shape. Approximately half [47.54%] of MF were present below the apex of 2nd premolar tooth. MF was located approximately half way between alveolar crest and mandibular body. Bilateral AMF were present in 1.64% mandibles. All 5 AMFs were round in shape. AMF was separated from MF by a median distance of 2mm. Conclusion: The knowledge about incidence and variability in position of mental foramen and accessory mental foramen is important in order to avoid nerve damage in connection with surgical procedure and to achieve complete effect of anaesthesia after mental nerve block

Determination of the normal conus medullaris level in term infants: the role of MRI in early infancy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Mengchun Sun ◽  
Benzhang Tao ◽  
Gan Gao ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Aijia Shang
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Conus Medullaris ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Early Infancy ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Inferior Border ◽  
Superior Border

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the migration process of the conus medullaris (CM) in early infancy using infant MRI and to evaluate the application of MRI for locating the infant CM level. METHODS The authors retrospectively analyzed the CM level on the lumbosacral MR images of 26 term infants aged < 3 months who were classified into three groups according to age. The authors numbered the CM level in each patient and analyzed the range and average of the CM level of the cohort. The authors studied the linear correlation between CM level and postnatal days with linear regression analysis, 1-way ANOVA, and the least significant difference test. RESULTS The CM level ranged from the superior border of the L1 vertebra to the top third of the L3 vertebra. About 96.2% of infants had CM higher than the superior border of the L3 vertebra. On average, CM was located between the L1–2 intervertebral disc and the inferior border of the L2 vertebra (mean ± SD score 1.64 ± 1.14). The three groups had no significant statistical difference in CM level (F = 1.071 and p = 0.359; groups 1 and 2, p = 0.408; groups 1 and 3, p = 0.170; groups 2 and 3, p = 0.755). CM level had no linear regression correlation with postnatal days within the first month (r2 = 0.061, F = 0.654, p = 0.438) or within the first 3 months (r2 = 0.002, F = 0.056, p = 0.816). CONCLUSIONS The CM level reaches the normal adult level by birth in term infants and does not ascend during childhood. On average, the CM was between the L1–2 intervertebral disc and the inferior border of the L2 vertebra in term infants. Considering the possibility of physiologically low-lying CM, the authors agree that normal CM is located above the L3 level in term infants and CM at the L3 level could be equivocal and should be investigated with other clinical data. The study data suggest that MRI is an accurate and valuable method for determining the CM level in term infants.

First Report of Prenatal Ascertainment of a Fetus With Homozygous Loss of the SOX10 Gene and Phenotypic Correlation by Autopsy Examination

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 561-567
Author(s):  
David P LeBel ◽  
Daynna J Wolff ◽  
Nicholas I Batalis ◽  
Tara Ellingham ◽  
Natalie Matics ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest Cell ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Family Counseling ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Autopsy Examination ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Crest Cell ◽  
Formalin Fixed ◽  
Sox10 Gene

The SOX10 gene plays a vital role in neural crest cell development and migration. Abnormalities in SOX10 are associated with Waardenburg syndrome Types II and IV, and these patients have recognizable clinical features. This case report highlights the first ever reported homozygous loss of function of the SOX10 gene in a human. This deletion is correlated using family history, prenatal ultrasound, microarray analysis of amniotic fluid, and ultimately, a medical autopsy examination to further elucidate phenotypic effects of this genetic variation. Incorporating the use of molecular pathology into the autopsy examination of fetuses with suspected congenital anomalies is vital for appropriate family counseling, and with the ability to use formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues, has become a practical approach in autopsy pathology.

Ultrastructure of a Benign Thymoma

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (S2) ◽  
pp. 574-575
Author(s):  
S. Siew
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Lymphoid Organ ◽  
Superior Mediastinum ◽  
Thymic Carcinoid Tumor ◽  
Circulating Lymphocytes ◽  
Embryonic Life ◽  
Oat Cell Carcinoma

A thymoma is a tumor which arises from the epithelial cells of the thymus. Despite the progressive involution of the thymus post-puberty, the peak incidence of thymomas is in adults, after the age of 40. Owing to the normal anatomic location of the thymus in the antero-superior mediastinum, thymomas account for 20-30% of masses in that situation, and, they have to be differentiated from other neoplasms which may be found in the anterior mediastinam, such as, lymphocytic lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, Germinoma (seminoma), Thymic carcinoid tumor, oat cell carcinoma and parathyroid adenoma.Embryologically, the thymus develops as an outgrowth of epithelial cells from the third pharyngeal pouches in association with the inferior parathyroid glands and migrates from the neck to the mediastinum. In embryonic life, blood borne stem cells from the yolk sac are seeded into the thymus which becomes the primary lymphoid organ. Within the thymus, the primitive stem cells differentiate into lymphocytes, which proliferate and differentiate into T-lymphocytes (thymus-dependent, thymocytes). Some of the T-lymphocytes are released into the blood stream and populate peripheral lymphoid organs. They constitute 60-70% of circulating lymphocytes.

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