Influence of duration of storage and pre-sowing electromagnetic treatment on the development of the primary root system of cotton seeds

Seeds of five Bulgarian cotton varieties, stored for one and two years, were subjected to five pre-sowing electromagnetic treatments with different intensity and duration of exposure. It was found that the selected values of controllable factors had stimulating effect on the total length and total mass of sprout and root. The total length of sprout and root increased by 7.5-16.4% (p<0.05), the total mass of sprout and root increased by 7.8-12.7% (p<0.05). The best treatment options were 1[U=(8…5)kV, τ =(15…35)s] and 4[U=(6…3)kV, τ =(5…25)s]. Electromagnetic treatments had stronger positive effect on seeds stored for one year. Compared to the untreated control, corresponding to each storage period, the electromagnetic impact had stimulating effect for both storage periods: for the total length of sprout and root the increase was by 7.6-21.1% and 2.3-11.0% at option 4; for the total mass of sprout and root it was by 10.8-16.5% at option 1 and 4.5-9.1% at option 4, respectively, at one-year and two-year storage of seeds. In comparison with the control Chirpan-539 variety, untreated seeds, one-year storage, higher values for both studied characteristics were found only for seeds stored for one-year: for the total length of root and sprout at the varieties Natalia, treatment options 1 and 4, Nelina and Helius, options 2 and 4 and Chirpan-539, option 1; for the total mass of root and sprout at the varieties Nelina, options 1, 2 and 3 and Chirpan-539, option 5. Compared to the untreated control corresponding to each variety, the stimulating effect of the pre-sowing electromagnetic treatment for the two characteristics was found for all varieties, for both storage periods. The Helius variety was the most responsive to the electromagnetic impact, with the strongest stimulating effect for both characteristics, at the one-year storage of seeds the total length of sprout and root increased most strongly by 34.8-43.9% at options 1, 4 and 2[U=(6…3)kV, τ =(15…35)s], and the total mass of sprout and root increased by 48.5% at options 1.

Improving the quality of recycled water by pulsed electromagnetic treatment

The relevance of this work is of exceptional importance and is widely used in technological processes at most industrial enterprises, including oil refineries. Industrial enterprises of the oil industry are subject to strict controls on environmental protection, water consumption, and the quantity and quality of wastewater discharged. This article presents data on the treatment of recycled water before the clarification section by reverse osmosis using an electromagnetic treatment device. The authors made a pilot reverse osmosis unit with a capacity of 0.370 m3/h, the permeate output (for purified water) was 0.3 m3/h, the concentrate discharge was 0.07 m3/h. The test bench operates in a closed circuit, i.e. the permeate and brine are returned to the original container. The technological scheme of purification to the standards that meet the requirements of makeup water, as well as the technical specification for the design of industrial recycling water supply systems, has been developed.

ELECTROMAGNETIC TREATMENT OF SEEDS AS A FACTOR OF THEIR GENETIC POTENTIAL MANAGEMENT

In bio-agricultural technologies are considered additional factors that without chemical stimulants of plant growth by electromagnetic processing of seeds to increase yields from 12% to 30%, reducing the annual amount of applied mineral fertilizer required to produce one ton of grain, with the consistency of water resources for a specific field in a specific agro-ecological environment. The rationale for the inevitable transition to bio-agriculture due to the lack of water for agricultural production in the coming years is given.

Long-Term Effect of Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Irradiation in Water and Isotonic Aqueous Solutions as Studied by Photoluminescence from Polymer Membrane

The swelling of a polymer membrane NafionTM in deionized water and isotonic NaCl and Ringer’s solutions was studied by photoluminescent spectroscopy. According to our previous studies, the surface of this membrane could be considered as a model for a cellular surface. Liquid samples, in which the membrane was soaked, were subjected to preliminary electromagnetic treatment, which consisted of irradiating these samples with electric rectangular pulses of 1 µs duration using platinum electrodes immersed in the liquid. We used a series of pulses with a repetition rate of 11–125 Hz; the pulse amplitudes were equal to 100 and 500 mV. It turned out that at certain pulse repetition rates and their amplitudes, the characteristic swelling time of the polymer membrane significantly differs from the swelling time in untreated (reference) samples. At the same time, there is no effect for certain frequencies/pulse amplitudes. The time interval between electromagnetic treatment and measurements was about 20 min. Thus, in our experiments the effects associated with the long-term relaxation of liquids on the electromagnetic processing are manifested. The effect of long-term relaxation could be associated with a slight change in the geometric characteristics of bubston clusters during electromagnetic treatment.

RESEARCH OF THE EFFICIENCY OF REAGENT-FREE ELECTROMAGNETIC TREATMENT OF SOURCE WATER AT PETROCHEMICAL ENTERPRISES

A technological scheme and technical documentation for the manufacture of a test bench with a purified water capacity of 300 l/h have been developed. Long-term tests were carried out on a test bench, as well as analysis of the quality of the sampled water before purification, with the use of an electromagnetic treatment device and without it. As a result of the tests carried out, it was found that the total salt content after the reverse osmosis unit decreased from 535.5 to 30.0 mg / l, and in water with the use of magnetic water treat- ment – from 535.5 to 12.7. Moreover, the pH in the first case varied from 8.3 to 6.2, in the second – from 8.3 to 6.44. It has been established that the use of magnetic water treatment in desalination before the reverse osmosis unit has a positive result, namely, calcium and magnesium salts do not settle on the reverse osmosis membranes, thereby prolonging the service life of the reverse osmosis membranes.