scholarly journals Generative propagation and fertilisation of Stipeae species – wild grasses with ornamental potential

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kapczyńska ◽  
Bożena Stodolak
Keyword(s):  
Slow Release ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Plant Selection ◽  
Inflorescence Stems ◽  
Seed Age ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

The wild grasses are of increasing interest among landscape architects. The appropriate plant selection is crucial for the subsequent survival and growth of plants in grassy gardens. The aim of the experiment was to assess the influence of seed age (1–3-year old seeds) on the germination of three Stipeae species: Eriocoma occidentalis subsp. californica, Stipa pulcherrima and Hesperostipa curtiseta. The seed weight and germination percentage showed a decline over a period of seed storage. There was 31–84% (depending on species) loss in germinability of 3-year old seeds in comparison to 1-year old seeds. After germination, plants were repotted and treated with Osmocote (a slow-release fertiliser, N15 + P10 + K12). The results indicated that fertilisation significantly increased the number of roots, stems, leaf length, leaf dry weight, chlorophylls and proline content. None of the tested species flowered in the year of sowing but in the next growing season. Plants fertilised in the previous year formed more and of better quality inflorescence stems.

scholarly journals Leaf Characteristics and Grain Yield of Three Aromatic Rice Cultivars as Influenced by 6-Benzylaminopurine

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-30
Author(s):  
M. C. Devsharmma ◽  
B. C. Sarker ◽  
S. K. Pramanik
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Aromatic Rice ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Leaf Characteristics ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

To explore the effects of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) on leaf characteristics and grain yield of aromatic rice the present investigation was carried out. The experimental materials comprising four concentrations of BAP (0 ppm, 30 ppm, 60 ppm and 90 ppm) and three aromatic rice cultivars (Chinigura, Kataribhog and Kalijira). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design and replicated thrice. Statistical analysis indicated that leaf characteristics and grain yield of aromatic rice were significantly influenced by the concentrations of BAP. Leaf number, leaf length, leaf breadth, leaf dry weight, panicle length, 500-grain weight and grain yield were increased with the increasing concentration of BAP. Among the concentrations, the 90 ppm of BAP performed better regarding the parameters studied. Maximum number of leaf, longest leaf, maximum leaf dry weight, highest length breadth ratio of leaf and maximum 500-grain weight was observed in Kataribhog which was statistically at par with that of Kalijira. Broader leaf was observed in Chinigura, whereas longest panicle and highest grain yield was recorded from Kalijira. Among different treatment combinations the highest grain yield (4.10 t ha-1) was recorded from Kalijira × 90 ppm BAP treatment and the lowest grain yield (3.08 t ha-1) was recorded from Chinigura × control treatment.

scholarly journals Weed-Competitive Ability of Forage Maize Cultivars against Barnyardgrass

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Khawar Jabran
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Forage Maize ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Weed-competitive cultivars are desired in the wake of growing popularity of organic farming, environmental pollution and evolution of herbicide resistance in weeds. This research work evaluated the weed competitive ability of three forage maize cultivars (ADA-523, AGA and SASA-5) against the noxious weed barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.Beauv.). The study was conducted in spring 2018 and repeated in summer 2018. Results of this study showed that maize-barnyardgrass competition significantly decreased the growth of forage maize plants. For instance, barnyardgrass decreased the maize plant height by 11.9-16.9%, leaf length by 13.3-20.2%, leaf width by 20.2-27.4%, and number of leaves by 14.3-25.0%. Fresh and dry weights of maize plants were also significantly decreased as a result of weed-crop competition. Barnyardgrass decreased the shoot fresh weight (30.7-60.6%), shoot dry weight (33.3-52.2%), leaf fresh weight (33.4-56.5%) and leaf dry weight (31.9-50.0%) of the maize plants. An interactive effect of weed × maize cultivars was found non-significant. Forage maize cultivars also varied occasionally for their traits. Nevertheless, ADA-523 had a higher plant height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf fresh weight and leaf dry weight than the cultivars AGA and SASA-5. On the other hand, the cultivar SASA-5 had a higher shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight and root fresh weight than the other cultivars in the study. This research work concluded that the forage maize cultivars in the study did not vary for the weed-competitive ability. Further, barnyardgrass-maize competition could decrease the growth and development of the maize cultivars.

LEAF GROWTH IN MARQUIS WHEAT, AS REGULATED BY TEMPERATURE, LIGHT INTENSITY, AND DAYLENGTH

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 1299-1311 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. C. Friend ◽  
V. A. Helson ◽  
J. E. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Continuous Illumination ◽  
Leaf Lamina ◽  
Leaf Initiation ◽  
Total Light ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

The area of a fully-grown leaf lamina varied according to its position on the stem, and the temperature, light intensity, and photoperiod under which the plant was grown.In continuous illumination, raising the temperature by 5° intervals between 10 and 25 °C, resulted in progressively higher rates of leaf initiation, emergence, and expansion. The length of the lamina increased with each increase in temperature, but the breadth and thickness decreased. The greatest area of individual leaves was formed at 20 °C. Each increase in light intensity over the range 200, 500, 1000, 1750, and 2500 ft-c resulted in higher rates of leaf initiation, emergence, and expansion, and increases in breadth and thickness, but a decrease in length. The greatest area was formed at 1000–1750 ft-c.An increase in daylength from 8 to 24 hours increased leaf length, breadth, and area. This was a photoperiodic effect, unlike the increase in thickness with increased daylength, which was related to the total light energy received.Changes in leaf shape under different environmental conditions were not directly related to changes in leaf dry weight. A control of leaf growth by hormonal mechanisms sensitive to photoperiod seems more probable than does control by internal competition for assimilates among developing leaves.

The Plastochron Index as Applied to Developmental Studies of Cottonwood

1971 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip R. Larson ◽  
J. G. Isebrands
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Developmental Studies ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Plastochron Index ◽  
Nondestructive Measurements ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Number

Leaves of cottonwood (Populusdeltoides, Bartr.) plants grown under constant conditions are initiated at relatively uniform rates. Because of this uniformity, the plastochron index (PI), developed by Erickson and Michelini (1957), can be applied to quantitatively identify the developmental stage of the vegetative shoot. In a preliminary test, the PI was shown to be linearly related to time, with plastochron intervals ranging from 2.00 to 2.76 days. In a second test, leaf plastochron indexes (LPI) were calculated for a series of trees representing five size classes. Statistical models were developed for each size class, relating each of the dependent variables (leaf length, leaf area, leaf dry weight, number of vessels per internode, and number of vessels per petiole) to LPI. These models were used to demonstrate that the PI and LPI can serve two useful purposes when applied to developmental studies of woody plants: (1) to adjust plants of different developmental stages to a standardized morphological time scale, and (2) to predict developmental processes and events from simple, nondestructive measurements.

scholarly journals Keragaan Agronomi Rumput Gajah (Pennisetum purpureum cv Taiwan) Hasil Irradiasi Sinar Gamma

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
Harmini Harmini ◽  
S Sajimin ◽  
A Fanindi ◽  
A Husni
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Gamma Ray Irradiation ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight ◽  
High Output

The objective of this study was to determine the agronomic diversity of gamma-ray at 50 Gray dose   during the phase of embryogenetic callus in napier grass cv Taiwan. This research used a randomized blok design (RBD) of gamma-ray and without radiation elephant grasses (P. purpureum cv Taiwan). There were 51 numbers in irradiated elephant grass, each number three replicated and five plant per number each. Without irradiation control used elephant grass (P. purpureum cv Taiwan); there were 10 clumps in one block and each line number had been repeated three times. Gamma radiation showed no impact on plant height and stem weight (dry weight) at P>0.05, but had a significant effect on number of tillers, leaf length, leaf width, total weight, fresh weight, leaf (dry weight), weight of stem (fresh weight). Gamma ray irradiation selection does not have to generate high output but can be developed on sub optimal soil or extreme weather conditions such as tolerant felling, which requires less high plant. Key words:        diversity, forage, irradiation

Salinity Tolerance of Black Gram Cultivars During Germination and Early Seedling Growth

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.K. Hasan ◽  
M.S. Islam ◽  
M.R. Islam ◽  
H.N. Ismaan ◽  
A. El Sabagh
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Black Gram

Abstract A laboratory experiment regarding germination and seedling growth test was conducted with three black gram genotypes tested under three salinity levels (0, 75 and 150 mM), for 10 days, in sand culture within small plastic pot, to investigate the germination and seedling growth characteristics. Different germination traits of all black gram genotypes, like germination percentage (GP), germination rate (GR), coefficient of velocity of germination (CVG) greatly reduced, as well as mean germination time (MGT) increased with increasing salt stress. At high salt stress, BARI Mash-3 provided the highest GP reduction (28.58%), while the lowest was recorded (15.79% to control) in BARI Mash-1. Salinity have the negative impact on shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry weights. The highest (50.32% to control) and lowest reduction (36.39%) of shoot length were recorded in BARI Mash-2 and BARI Mash-1, respectively, under 150 mM NaCl saline conditions. There were significant reduction of root lengths, root fresh and dry weight, shoot length, shoot fresh and dry weight in all genotypes under saline condition. The genotypes were arranged as BARI Mash-1 > BARI Mash-3 > BARI Mash-2, with respect to salinity tolerance.

Respon Akar Bibit Aren Genjah (Arenga pinnata) Di Pembibitan Pada Pemberian Dosis dan Interval Pupuk Organik Cair Nasa

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Yetti Elidar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Treatment Combination ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Dose Study ◽  
Palm Sugar ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Research on the response of roots of palm sugar palm seeds (Arenga pinnata) in nurseries at doses and intervals of Nasa liquid organic fertilizer. Aims to determine the dosage, interval and combination of dosages and fertilization intervals with Nasa liquid organic fertilizer which can provide the best dry weight of the roots in the nursery. The research design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3x3 factorial experiments and each treatment was repeated 8 (eight) times, consisting of: the first factor was the treatment of POC Nasa dose in a concentration of 3 cc POC Nasa per liter of water (D) consists of 3 levels, namely: d1 = 300 ml POC Nasa, d2 = 400 ml POC Nasa, d3 = 500 ml POC Nasa, while the second factor is the treatment of POC Nasa Interval (I) consisting of 3 levels, namely: i1 = 2 once a week, i2 = once every 3 weeks, i3 = once every 4 weeks. The results of the POC Nasa dose study had a significant effect on leaf wet weight, leaf dry weight, root wet weight and root dry weight. The best dose at this level are: d2 (400 ml of Nasa liquid organic fertilizer), the interval of liquid organic fertilizer Nasa has a significant effect on leaf wet weight, leaf dry weight, root wet weight and root dry weight. The best dose at this level is: i1 (once every 2 weeks). The treatment combination has no significant effect on all parameters. 

scholarly journals GERMINATION AND VIGOUR IN SEEDS OF THE COWPEA IN RESPONSE TO SALT AND HEAT STRESS

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luma Rayane de Lima Nunes ◽  
Paloma Rayane Pinheiro ◽  
Charles Lobo Pinheiro ◽  
Kelly Andressa Peres Lima ◽  
Alek Sandro Dutra
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Different Temperatures

ABSTRACT Salinity is prejudicial to plant development, causing different types of damage to species, or even between genotypes of the same species, with the effects being aggravated when combined with other types of stress, such as heat stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the tolerance of cowpea genotypes (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) to salt stress at different temperatures. Seeds of the Pujante, Epace 10 and Marataoã genotypes were placed on paper rolls (Germitest®) moistened with different salt concentrations of 0.0 (control), 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 dS m-1, and placed in a germination chamber (BOD) at temperatures of 20, 25, 30 and 35°C. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomised design, in a 3 × 4 × 5 scheme of subdivided plots, with four replications per treatment. The variables under analysis were germination percentage, first germination count, shoot and root length, and total seedling dry weight. At temperatures of 30 and 35°C, increases in the salt concentration were more damaging to germination in the Epace 10 and Pujante genotypes, while for the Marataoã genotype, damage occurred at the temperature of 20°C. At 25°C, germination and vigour in the genotypes were higher, with the Pujante genotype proving to be more tolerant to salt stress, whereas Epace 10 and Marataoã were more tolerant to high temperatures. Germination in the cowpea genotypes was more sensitive to salt stress when subjected to heat stress caused by the low temperature of 20°C or high temperature of 35°C.

scholarly journals Thermo-Chemical Treatment for Carcass Disposal and the Application of Treated Carcass as Compost

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 431
Author(s):  
Jae-In Lee ◽  
Eun-Ji Cho ◽  
Fritz Ndumbe Lyonga ◽  
Chang-Hee Lee ◽  
Sue-Yun Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Germination Index ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Reinforced Plastic ◽  
Korean Ministry ◽  
Index Value

A mechanized thermo-chemical treatment system was developed to treat the undecomposed carcass and remediate livestock burial sites. Animal carcasses were thus processed via crushing, mixing, and treatment with quicklime treatment, heat treatment (200–500 °C), and mixing with sawdust. The machinery was applied to two sites where 16,000 chickens and 418 pigs had previously been buried in fiber-reinforced plastic storage bins. No dioxins were detected in the gas discharged during processing, and the concentration of total volatile organic compound, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and styrene were 430.3, 139.0, 18.3, 21.4, and 10.4 μg/m3, respectively, which were below the air pollutant emission standards issued by the Korean Ministry of Environment. Korean standards stipulating the use of treated carcasses as compost (C, N, and P content, heavy metal concentration, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella) were met, but the germination index value was less than 70, not satisfying the criteria. Plant height, leaf length, leaf width, and dry weight of lettuce grown in soil amended with treated carcass product were significantly lower than those grown in low nutrient soil due to the poor germination index of the treated carcass. These results indicate that a composting process is required before the use of the treated carcass as a fertilizer. The addition of zeolite retarded the elution of ammonia from the carcasses and its efficiency was about 87.9%. It is expected that the mechanized thermo-chemical treatment process developed in this study could replace other technologies for the remediation of livestock burial sites.

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