scholarly journals Conditional Seed Dormancy Helps Silene hicesiae Brullo & Signor. Overcome Stressful Mediterranean Summer Conditions

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2130
Author(s):  
Francesca Carruggio ◽  
Andrea Onofri ◽  
Stefania Catara ◽  
Carmen Impelluso ◽  
Maria Castrogiovanni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Thermal Range ◽  
Seed Biology ◽  
Plant Cultivation ◽  
Threshold Temperatures ◽  
Seed Age ◽  
Mediterranean Island ◽  
Baseline Information

Investigations on seed biology and ecology are of major importance for the conservation of threatened plants, both providing baseline information and suggesting practical approaches. In our study, we focused on the germination behavior of Silene hicesiae Brullo & Signor., a narrow endemic species to Panarea and Alicudi (Aeolian Archipelago, Italy), as well as one of the 50 most threatened Mediterranean island plants. Specifically, the effects of temperature, light, seed age, seed source, and collection year were evaluated; in addition, threshold temperatures and thermal–time parameters were estimated. The thermal range for fresh seed germination resulted between 5 and 15 °C, reaching up to 20 and 25 °C at increasing seed age, with 30 °C being clearly beyond the ceiling temperature. This behavior indicates that fresh seeds exhibit the Type 1 non-deep physiological dormancy, and that germination is regulated by conditional dormancy. This dormancy syndrome emerged as a highly efficient adaptation strategy for this species and, together with thermo-inhibition, would allow seeds to counteract or take advantage of Mediterranean environmental conditions. The comparison between the wild Panarea population and the corresponding ex situ cultivated progeny has enabled the identification of the latter as a suitable seed source for sustainable in situ reinforcement actions, at least in the short-term; indeed, plant cultivation for a single generation did not produce significant modifications in the germination behavior of the offspring.

scholarly journals Duck Genetic Resources, Their Improvement And Conservation In Bangladesh: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-42
Author(s):  
MA Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Research Institute

The present article addresses the scenario of duck genetic resources, their production and reproduction performances, their improvement and conservation in Bangladesh. The duck, among other poultry species available in the country, are used for meat and egg production. The duck germplasm available in the country are indigenous/native, improved native, exotic and their crosses. The native duck population is comprised of Indigenous Non-descript, Deshi White, Deshi Black, Nageshwari, Sylhet Mete etc. The improved native such as, BLRI-1 and BLRI-2 are developed by Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute. The exotic duck such as, Khaki Campbell, Indian Runner, Jending, Muscovy, White Pekin, Cherry Valley, Thailand Black etc. are also used at farms level. The crossbred of different ducks are used in the country at different farming systems. Improvement and conservation of native duck are ongoing both in-situ and ex-situ in vivo by DLS, BLRI, BAU and also by others. The present study provided baseline information on duck germplasm of Bangladesh which could be useful for future genetic characterization, improvement and conservation. SAARC J. Agri., 17(2): 31-42 (2019)

scholarly journals Combining microsatellites, growth, and adaptive traits for managing in situ genetic resources of Eucalyptus urophylla

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 773-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Tripiana ◽  
Michaël Bourgeois ◽  
Daniel Verhaegen ◽  
Philippe Vigneron ◽  
Jean-Marc Bouvet
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Clinal Variation ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure

Genetic diversity and structure of 17 populations representative of the natural range of Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake in Indonesia were analysed with 10 microsatellite markers. Two provenance and progeny trials, using the same populations, were established in the Republic of the Congo and analysed for growth and survival at 37 months. Observed microsatellite heterozygosity (Ho) was moderate to high within populations (Ho = 0.51–0.72). The index of fixation (FIS) was significantly different from zero for all populations (FIS = 0.13–0.31) and possibly resulted from a Wahlund effect. The differentiation parameter was low (FST = 0.04) and not significantly different from zero, which can be explained by effective gene flow via pollen. The genetic variances within and among provenances for survival and growth traits were significantly different from zero, representing 13%–23% and 14%–50% of the total variation, respectively. The differentiation between populations based on quantitative traits was marked (QST = 0.07–0.33). A negative relationship between altitude of the seed source and its performance in the Congo was observed (R2 = 0.59–0.67) and could be explained by the effect of natural selection along the altitudinal gradient. This marked differentiation for quantitative traits despite high apparent gene flow results in a clinal variation, which suggests the use of altitude of seed source as an important principle for in situ or ex situ management of E. urophylla genetic resources.

scholarly journals Reproductive ecology of the Beal’s-eyed turtle (Sacalia bealei)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Lin ◽  
Qing Ru Hu ◽  
Jonathan Julio Fong ◽  
Jiang Bo Yang ◽  
Zhong Dong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Ecology ◽  
Carapace Width ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Southeastern China ◽  
Mean Width ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Conservation Plan ◽  
Line Tracking ◽  
The Mean

The Beal’s-eyed turtle (Sacalia bealei) is endemic to southeastern China and endangered due to poaching and habitat loss. Knowledge of S. bealei ecology is lacking and this study provides baseline information of its reproduction in a natural environment. We studied the reproductive ecology of S. bealei using X-ray, spool-and-line tracking, and direct observation. Six nesting females were successfully tracked and their nesting behaviors were documented in detail. Females produced only one clutch per year, with a mean clutch size of 2.2 eggs (range 1–3). The white, hard-shelled eggs were ellipsoidal with a mean length of 45.50 mm, a mean width of 23.20 mm, and mean weight of 14.8 g. The relative clutch mass (RCM) was 9.47%, while the relative egg mass (REM) was 4.60%. The mean incubation period was 94.7 days with a mean nest temperature of 25.08°C. Hatchlings had a mean weight of 9.7 g, carapace length of 40.1 mm, carapace width of 33.3 mm, carapace height of 17.4 mm, plastron length of 31.6 mm, and plastron width of 25.4 mm. The results of this study provide important information to formulate conservation plan and ex-situ breeding for this endangered species.

scholarly journals Commercial Seed Lots Exhibit Reduced Seed Dormancy in Comparison to Wild Seed Lots of Echinacea purpurea

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1843-1845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luping Qu ◽  
Xiping Wang ◽  
Ying Chen ◽  
Richard Scalzo ◽  
Mark P. Widrlechner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Dormancy Release ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Group Of Seven ◽  
Cultivated Populations

Seed germination patterns were studied in Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench grouped by seed source, one group of seven lots from commercially cultivated populations and a second group of nine lots regenerated from ex situ conserved wild populations. Germination tests were conducted in a growth chamber in light (40 μmol·m–2·s–1) or darkness at 25 °C for 20 days after soaking the seeds in water for 10 minutes. Except for two seed lots from wild populations, better germination was observed for commercially cultivated populations in light (90% mean among seed lots, ranging from 82% to 95%) and in darkness (88% mean among seed lots, ranging from 82% to 97%) than for wild populations in light (56% mean among seed lots, ranging from 9% to 92%) or in darkness (37% mean among seed lots, ranging from 4% to 78%). No germination difference was measured between treatments in light and darkness in the commercially cultivated populations, but significant differences were noted for treatments among wild populations. These results suggest that repeated cycles of sowing seeds during cultivation without treatments for dormancy release resulted in reduced seed dormancy in E. purpurea.

scholarly journals Expert opinion on extinction risk and climate change adaptation for biodiversity

Elem Sci Anth ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra Javeline ◽  
Jessica J. Hellmann ◽  
Jason S. McLachlan ◽  
Dov F. Sax ◽  
Mark W. Schwartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Managed Relocation ◽  
Terrestrial Insects ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Average Projection

Abstract Despite projections of biodiversity loss and proposed adaptations to climate change, few data exist on the feasibility and effectiveness of adaptation strategies in minimizing biodiversity loss. Given the urgent need for action, scientific experts can fill critical information gaps by providing rapid and discerning risk assessment. A survey of 2,329 biodiversity experts projects, on average, that 9.5% of species will become extinct due to climate change within the next 100 years. This average projection is low relative to previously published values but substantial in absolute terms, because it amounts to a loss of hundreds of thousands of species over the next century. The average projection increases to 21% when experts are asked to estimate the percentage of species that will become extinct within the next 100 years due to climate change in combination with other causes. More than three-quarters of respondents reported being uncertain about their extinction estimates. A majority of experts preferred protected areas or corridors to reduce extinction risk but identified ex situ conservation and no intervention as the most feasible strategies. Experts also suggest that managed relocation of species, a particular adaptation strategy, is justifiable and effective in some situations but not others. Justifiable circumstances include the prevention of species extinction and overcoming human-made barriers to dispersal, and while experts are divided on the potential effectiveness of managed relocation for most taxonomic groups, higher percentages predict it effective for woody plants, terrestrial insects, and mammals. Most experts are open to the potential benefits of managed relocation but are concerned about unintended harmful consequences, particularly putting non-target species at risk of extinction. On balance, published biodiversity scientists feel that managed relocation, despite controversy about it, can be part of the conservation adaptation portfolio.

scholarly journals Contrasting gut microbiota in captive Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra) by age

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumiko Okamoto ◽  
Natsumi Ichinohe ◽  
Cheolwoon Woo ◽  
Sung-Yong Han ◽  
Hyeong-Hoo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Lutra Lutra ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
And Function

AbstractUnderstanding the gut microbiota characteristics of endangered species such as the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra), especially in their early stages of life, could be essential for improving their management and ex situ conservation strategies. Here, we analyzed the gut microbiota diversity, composition, and function of captive Eurasian otters at different ages using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We found that: (1) Clostridiaceae was abundant in all age stages; (2) Lactococcus in cubs is thought to predominate for digesting milk; (3) bacteria associated with amino acid metabolism increase with age, while bacteria associated with carbohydrate metabolism decrease with age, which is likely due to decrease in dietary carbohydrate content (e.g., milk) and increase in dietary protein contents (e.g., fishes) with age; and (4) fish-related bacteria were detected in feces of healthy adults and juveniles. Overall, the gut microbiota of captive Eurasian otters was taxonomically and functionally different by age, which is thought to be attributed to the difference in the diet in their life stages. This study provided baseline information regarding the gut microbiota of Eurasian otters for the first time and contributes to improvement in their management in captivity.

scholarly journals Reproductive ecology of the endangered Beal’s-eyed turtle, Sacalia bealei

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Lin ◽  
Qingru Hu ◽  
Jonathan Julio Fong ◽  
Jiangbo Yang ◽  
Zhongdong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Ecology ◽  
Carapace Width ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Southeastern China ◽  
Mean Width ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Line Tracking ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Conservation Plans

The Beal’s-eyed turtle (Sacalia bealei) is endemic to southeastern China and endangered due to poaching and habitat loss. Knowledge of S. bealei ecology is lacking and this study provides baseline information of its reproduction in a natural environment. We studied the reproductive ecology of S. bealei using X-ray, spool-and-line tracking, and direct observation. Six nesting females were successfully tracked and their nesting behaviors are documented in detail. Females produced a mean clutch size of 2.2 eggs (range 1–3). The hard-shelled eggs were ellipsoidal with a mean length of 45.50 mm, a mean width of 23.20 mm, and mean weight of 14.8 g. The relative clutch mass was 9.47%, while the relative egg mass was 4.60%. The mean incubation period was 94.7 days with a mean nest temperature of 25.08 °C. Hatchlings had a mean weight of 9.7 g, carapace length of 40.1 mm, carapace width of 33.3 mm, carapace height of 17.4 mm, plastron length of 31.6 mm, and plastron width of 25.4 mm. The results of this study provide important information to inform conservation plans and ex-situ breeding for this endangered species.

Captive propagation of the endangered native Fijian frog Platymantis vitiana: Implications for ex-situ conservation and management

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Narayan ◽  
Ketan Christi ◽  
Craig Morley
Keyword(s):  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Outdoor Enclosure ◽  
Zoological Parks ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Captive Propagation ◽  
One Year ◽  
The University

We present research and management implications for captive propagation of the endangered Fijian Ground Frog Platymantis vitiana to develop methods for supplementing populations in the wild. In 2004, a captive propagation program was instituted at Kula Ecopark, Sigatoka, Fiji. However, there was little success with only a single froglet reared after three years. In 2006, a more intensive programme was undertaken between the University of the South Pacific (USP), Kula Ecopark and the community on Viwa Island. The aim of this programme was to create an outdoor enclosure to mimic natural habitat conditions so the frogs could exhibit natural breeding behaviour. A total of 39 froglets was reared after one year of this programme. We provide information on the methods of captive management, reproductive biology, captive diet varieties, and on problems of rearing froglets in captivity. This research is useful baseline information in guiding captive propagation techniques in zoological parks like the Kula Ecopark and for organizations such as the National Trust of Fiji.

Seed germination ecology of the endemic Iberian winter annualsIberis pectinataandZiziphora aragonensis

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Á. Copete ◽  
José M. Herranz ◽  
Pablo Ferrandis
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Germination Ecology ◽  
Physiological Dormancy ◽  
Seed Age ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Population Reinforcement

AbstractThe germination ecology of the winter annual Iberian endemicsIberis pectinataandZiziphora aragonensiswas investigated in order to better understand adaptations of rare species to their natural habitat and to improveex-situpropagation techniques and management of their habitat. Specifically, we analysed the following aspects: (1) influence of temperature, light conditions and seed age on germination patterns; (2) phenology of germination; (3) germinative response of buried seeds to seasonal temperature changes; and (4) temperature requirements for induction and breaking of secondary dormancy. Germination was substantially lower in darkness than with a photoperiod in both taxa, with this difference being more pronounced inZ. aragonensis. Freshly matured seeds showed conditional physiological dormancy, germinating at low and medium temperatures but not at high temperatures (28/14 and 32/18°C). Germination capability increased with time of dry storage in both species, suggesting the existence of non-deep physiological dormancy. Under greenhouse conditions, germination of both taxa was mostly concentrated in autumn (October–November), while spring percentages were less than 1% of total accumulated germination recorded during the study.I. pectinataandZ. aragonensisseeds buried and exposed to natural seasonal temperature variations in an unheated greenhouse came out of conditional dormancy in summer and re-entered it in winter, thus exhibiting an annual conditional dormancy/non-dormancy cycle. Dormant seeds of both species which were stratified at 28/14 or 32/18°C during an 8-week period, were non-dormant when they were subsequently incubated over a range of temperatures from 5 to 25/10°C. Non-dormant seeds were induced into dormancy when stratified at 5 or 15/4°C for 8 weeks, showing a particularly low germination response at high temperatures. Recommendations for wild-population reinforcement programmes and for the management of the natural habitat of both endemics are discussed.

Studies on conservation of vertebrate diversity of phulbani forest of odisha.

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
pp. 4768
Author(s):  
B. Misra ◽  
R. P. Panda
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Shifting Cultivation ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Vulnerable Species ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Plant Cultivation

The most common wild animals observed during the field study were 17 species of fishes, 13 species of Amphibians, 23 species of reptiles, 26 species of birds and 35 species of mammals. Endangered and vulnerable species of Pisces, Amphibians, Reptilians and Mammals have been marked. Deforestation, shifting cultivation, forest fires, grazing, tribal hunting, biotic interference, natural calamities, hemp plant cultivation by tribals, stone collection and firewood business most often cause environmental crisis upholding the signs of stress in Phulbani Forest. The current rate deterioration demands conservation strategies by in-situ and ex-situ conservation. 

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