Babchi (Psoralea corylifolia): From a Variety of Traditional Medicinal Application to its Novel Roles in Various Diseases: A Review

Psoralea corylifolia (Leguminosae) commonly known as babchi or babachi has been used in different traditional system of various aliments since, ancient time. Psoralea corylifolia grow throughout Asia and India or many other countries. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review on the phytochemical and pharmacological aspect of Psoralea corylifolia. In traditional medicine, it has been used in treatment of various diseases such as leucoderma skin diseases, cardiovascular diseases, nephritis, osteoporosis, and cancer vitiligo, poisoning, for conception, caries, deafness, filarial. The stem, seeds, leaves, of this plant containe a variety of biologically active compound such as flavonoids, coumarins, phenols, benzofurans, benzopyrans, quinines, sesquiterpenoids, triterpenoids, steroids, and some other components. Those have varuous medicinal properties. The different part of the plant showed the antimicrobial, antipregnancy, estrogenic, antitumor, antioxidant, and many other pharmacological activities. The article focus on traditional as well as modern use and various activities of the plant.

СHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF СYCLOSIVERSIOSIDE F

The plants Astragalus pterocephalus growing in Uzbekistan are a source of triterpene glycosides. The main triterpene glycoside, in terms of content, is a cycloartan glycoside – cyclosiversioside F. To obtain an individual biologically active compound cyclosiversioside F with 95% purity, a proposed method involves extraction with methanol, concentration and dilution with an equal volume of water, then followed by a sequential extraction from the aqueous extract with chloroform, ethyl acetate and butanol. Then a chromatographic separation of the purified amount of extractives on a column with silica gel, isolation of the substance and precipitation from a solvent system must be performed, followed by recrystallization and drying. The optimal conditions for the isolation and separation of the amount of extractive substances have been developed in order to obtain an individual glycoside. Cyclosiversioside F was authenticated by TLC in comparison with an authentic sample. Quantitative analysis of the glycoside was carried out by HPLC. The purity of cyclosiversioside F was confirmed by taking 1H and 13C NMR spectra.

Istotne problemy związane z bezpieczeństwem surowców roślinnych obecnych w wybranych grupach suplementów diety

Dietary supplements are a wide group of products belonging to the food category. Their sales are still growing. The composition, appearance and the intended use of these products make them resemble drugs. Dietary supplements are designed to meet the specific requirements of different consumer groups. Many dietary supplements contain herbal substances or their preparations. The safety of the herbal material is particularly affected by its proper identification, the part of the plant used as well as the standardization of the extract for a specific biologically active compound. Regardless of the group of consumers for which these products are intended, the risks associated with taking dietary supplements may relate to their contamination with heavy metals, pesticide residues or pathogenic microorganisms. There may also be adulterated dietary supplements on the market, the real composition of which differs from the composition presented on the original packing. Furthermore, the presence of restricted hazardous substances, or limited substances on the product is undoubtedly dangerous to health.

Development and validation of methods of quantitative determination of biologically active compound n-(2-[4-oxo-3(4h)-quinazolinyl]propionyl)guanidine

This paper presents the results of the selection and justification of the conditions for determination of a new biologically active compound (BAC) VMA-13-15, which is N-(2-[4-oxo-3(4H)-quinazolinyl]propionyl)guanidine bymeans of the spectrophotometry. By using the calculated values of BAC ionization constants, it was proposed to use purified water as a solvent. The maximum light absorption at 266 nm was chosen as the analytical wavelength. This was justified by the fact that in aqueous solutions 99% BAC are in the molecular form, which allows to determine it with the error limit of 1.29%, and with the least amount of dilutions. The study showed that the proposed method is specific and linear in the analytical concentration of 0.0010.004%, as well as it is precise and correct, which confirms the possibility of its use for quantitative determination.

Study of the Effect of a Biologically Active Compound Tris(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium 4-Chlorophenylsulfanylacetate on the Growth of Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus

Background. Development of nutrient media ensuring the maximum growth rate of pathogens of dangerous infectious diseases while preserving their biological properties is extremely important. A promising direction in this area seems to be the use of synthetic microbial growth biostimulants.The aim of the work is to study the possibility of improving nutrient media for the cultivation of Listeria and Staphylococcus using a biologically active compound tris(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium 4-chlorophenylsulfanylacetate.Materials and methods. The object of the study was experimental nutrient medium for the cultivation of Listeria used for the culturing of the test strain Listeria monocytogenes 766. As a comparison medium, commercial medium Fraser broth to which agar was added at a concentration of 1.5 %, was used. The test strain Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538-P (FDA 209-P) was cultivated on meat-peptone agar with 1% glucose. The compound tris(2-hydroxyethyl) ammonium (4-chlorophenyl)sulfanylacetate at a concentration of 10–4 wt. % was studied as a growth stimulator. A nutrient medium without a stimulant served as a control. The specific activity of nutrient media (germination rate, medium sensitivity, growth rate and stability of the main biological properties of microorganisms) was evaluated by the microbiological method.Results. Studies have shown that the addition of a growth stimulator to nutrient media contributes to the growth of colonies (by 10–50 %) and a decrease in the time of their development. When growth stimulator was added to the nutrient medium for the cultivation of Listeria, the initial growth of colonies of the L. monocytogenes 766 test strain after 12 hours of cultivation and growth of colonies of the test strain S. aureus ATCC 6538-P after 6 hours of cultivation on the meat-peptone agar with 1% glucose was observed.Conclusion. Thus, the addition of a growth biostimulator tris(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium 4-chlorophenylsulfanyl acetate at a concentration of 10–4 wt. % in the nutrient medium accelerates the growth of Listeria and Staphylococcus, allows to reduce the time of issuance of the analysis result in half.

Nitroso Diels-Alder Cycloadducts Derived From N-Acyl-1,2-dihydropyridines as a New Platform to Molecular Diversity

This review focuses upon the use of nitroso Diels–Alder reactions as a structural complexity generating reaction that has been so far a quite scarcely treated topic, despite its potential. In particular, the use of N-acyl-1,2-dihydropyridines as a non-symmetrical diene component in nitroso Diels–Alder reactions encompasses an initial diversification of pathways giving rise to different cycloadducts (direct and inverse). Selective elaborations of these cycloadducts, basically using a reagent-based approach, deliver a discrete number of structurally diverse compounds, including some original heterobicyclic scaffolds and functionalized heterocycles. This forward synthetic planning allowed the individuation of a new biologically active compound based on a novel oxadiaza-bicyclic-[3.3.1]-nonene scaffold which is still under preclinical evaluation.

A Brief Synthesis of 2,2’-Arylmethylene Bis(3-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-2-cyclohexene-1- one) Catalyzed by TEAOH in Various Solvents

Aims and Objectives: 2,2’-Arylmethylene bis(3-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-2-cyclohexene-1-one) having four carbonyl functionalities along with their tautomeric keto-enol forms, is an important biologically active compound and important synthetic intermediate in the synthesis of xanthenes. This study was conducted in order to develop a new and concise method of synthesis of 2,2’-arylmethylene bis (3-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-2- cyclohexene-1-one) derivatives. Materials and Methods: TEAOH (20 mol %) was fond to be as a simple and efficient catalyst for the preparation of 2,2’-arylmethylene bis(3-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-2-cyclohexene-1-one) derivatives by the Knoevenagel condensation/Michael addition tandem reactions. Results: A concise and practical method was developed for one-pot synthesis of 2,2’-arylmethylene bis(3- hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-2-cyclohexene-1-one) derivatives catalyzed by TEAOH at room temperature in various solvents. Conclusion: This strategy provides several advantages over the traditional synthetic method, and is applicable to a wide variety of aromatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes at room temperature in various solvents.

Medical and biological functions of water

Water is the most common compound of hydrogen and oxygen in the nature. It is a universal solvent of many substances, and therefore chemically pure water does not exist in the nature. The water contained in the body is qualitatively different from ordinary water as it is structured water. Such crystalline structures of water are the matrix of life. Their presence gives possibility of the occurrence of important biophysical processes and biochemical reactions. Insufficient intake of water into the body or its excessive loss leads to dehydration, which is accompanied by thickening of the blood and impairing hemodynamics. Excessive intake of water into the body causes water intoxication. Purpose – to conduct a bibliosemantic analysis of the sources of the literature on the medical and biological functions of water. Research methods – bibliosemantic, analytical, logical methods and generalizion method. Water is the structural basis of cells necessary to maintain their optimal volume. It determines the spatial structure and function of biomolecules. Insufficient intake of water into the body or its excessive loss leads to an impaired hemodynamics. Excessive intake of water into the body causes water intoxication. All disoders of water-salt balance in the body can be divided into two groups: dehydration and hyperhydration. In each group, there are disorders with a decrease, increase, and no change in osmotic pressure (hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic disorders, respectively). Water is used in medical and pharmaceutical practice as an excipient, and for the manufacture of allopathic, homeopathic and anthroposophic medicines. The State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine includes several articles on the use of water depending on the purpose and regulates water quality: 1) highly purified water, water for injections «in bulk» water and sterilised water for injections; 2) purified water: water «in bulk» and water in containers. Cosmetics are presented on the Ukrainian market, the main biologically active compound of which is water, in particular, natural, thermal and micellar. They are widely used in cosmetology. The biomedical function of water in the body is to preserve cell volume, provide turgor to the cells and save the body from temperature fluctuations. Disruption of water-salt balance leads to dehydration or hyperhydration. There are changes with a decrease, increase, and no change in osmotic pressure (hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic disorders, respectively). They cause disruption of the life of the whole organism. In pharmaceutical practice, water is widely used for the manufacture of allopathic, homeopathic and anthroposophic medicines. It can be obtained in various ways, but its quality is regulated by the relevant government regulations. In cosmetic practice, water is used not only as a basic solvent, but in the form of natural, micellar and thermal water, where it is a biologically active compound.